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SINTESIS SABUN PADAT TRANSPARAN BERBAHAN DASAR MINYAK KELAPA, MINYAK KELAPA SAWIT, MINYAK ZAITUN DENGAN PENAMBAHAN ECO-ENZYME Chairul; Nurfatihayati; Anisa Mutamima; Arrafi Razzaq; M Rafki Yunaldi
Jurnal Inovasi Teknik Kimia Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025)
Publisher : Fakultas Teknik Universitas Wahid Hasyim

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31942/inteka.v10i1.12545

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat sabun padat transparan dari minyak kelapa murni, minyak kelapa sawit, dan minyak zaitun dan menganalisis pengaruh penambahan eco-enzyme terhadap karakteristik sabun yang dihasilkan yaitu pH, kadar air, kadar asam lemak bebas, uji stabilitas busa, uji organoleptik, dan uji iritasi. Eco-enzym yang digunakan berasal dari hasil fermentasi sampah organik buah-buahan (kulit nanas, kulit jeruk, kulit mentimun, tomat, sawi dan pepaya). Penelitian ini menggunakan 5 perlakuan penambahan eco-enzyme, yaitu tanpa eco-enzyme (P1), 2 mL (P2), 4 mL (P3), 6 mL (P4), dan 8 mL (P5). Hasil uji pH menunjukkanbahwa kelima sabun berada pada range 9,44-10,41, uji kadar air sabun berada pada range 11,82-13,82%, dan uji kadar asam lemak bebas menghasilkan nilai 0,23-0,70%. Hasil uji stabilitas busa berada pada range 97,45-99,2%, Uji organoleptik dilakukan oleh 24 responden dan menilai kelima sabun transparan, bertekstur keras, beraroma apel, dan berwarna kuning bening. Kelima sabun tidak menimbulkan iritasi kulit pada 24 panelis. Berdasarkan hasil uji karakteristik kelima sabun padat transparan telah memenuhi syarat mutu sabun padat SNI 063532-1994.

Esterifikasi dan Transesterifikasi Minyak Kelapa Sawit Off-grade Menjadi Biodiesel Menggunakan Katalis Barium Hidroksida Nurfatihayati; Helwani, Zuchra; Bahri, Syaiful
Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU Vol. 14 No. 1 (2025): Jurnal Teknik Kimia USU
Publisher : Talenta Publisher (Universitas Sumatera Utara)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.32734/jtk.v14i1.17736

This research aimed to produce biodiesel from off-grade palm oil using barium hydroxide (Ba(OH)2) catalyst. The free fatty acid (FFA) content in off-grade palm oil is quite high, so the biodiesel production process is carried out in two-stages, i.e. esterification and transesterification. The esterification of off-grade palm oil (500 mL) was carried out at 60 oC for 1 hour, methanol:oil molar ratio of 12:1, stirrer speed of 400 rpm, and 1 wt-% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) as the catalyst. Next, the transesterification process used a methanol:oil molar ratio of 9:1, stirrer speed of 400 rpm, for 2 hours with the variation of temperatures (50, 60, and 70 oC) and Ba(OH)2 catalyst amounts (1, 2 and 3 wt-%). The best result was obtained with 60 oC and Ba(OH)2 catalyst amount 3 wt-%. Based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis, the best yield of fatty acid methyl ester was 98.97%, with major components being 40.87% palmitic acid and 35.87% oleic acid. The characteristics of biodiesel produced were density of 860.46 kg/m3, viscosity of 4.08 mm/s2, flash point of 145 oC and acid value of 0.457 mg KOH/g biodiesel.

Water Quality of a Tributary of Siak River and Reservoir in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, Using the CCME-WQI Yuliati, Yuliati; Sumiarsih, Eni; Adriman, Adriman; Nurfatihayati, Nurfatihayati; Efawani, Efawani
Depik Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Vol 13, No 2 (2024): AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.13.2.35403

This research was conducted on one of the Siak River tributaries that crosses the urban area in Pekanbaru, namely the Pengambang River. The Pengambang River flow is dammed to become a reservoir; one of its functions is as a source of raw drinking water. Increased activity along rivers and reservoirs certainly has an impact on water quality. The research was carried out in May-October 2023. Water sampling was taken at 3 points each along the river flow and in the Reservoir. The physicochemical water quality parameters measured include temperature, TSS, BOD, COD, DO, pH, TP, Nitrate, and Total coliforms for rivers and reservoirs, while Chorofil-a only for reservoirs. Water quality was evaluated using CCME-WQI, and the results of water quality evaluation according to CCME-WQI in the Pengambang River at all sampling stations could have been bad to marginal. At the same time, in the Reservoir, it was marginal. The CCME_WQI Index value in rivers ranges 42.33 to 54.97, while in reservoirs, it is higher 49-56, it indicated water quality in reservoir better than river. Parameters influencing water quality in rivers and reservoirs, especially TC and BOD come from household waste cage fish cultivation.

Water Quality of a Tributary of Siak River and Reservoir in Pekanbaru City, Riau Province, Using the CCME-WQI Yuliati, Yuliati; Sumiarsih, Eni; Adriman, Adriman; Nurfatihayati, Nurfatihayati; Efawani, Efawani
Depik Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Perairan, Pesisir, dan Perikanan Vol 13, No 2 (2024): AUGUST 2024
Publisher : Faculty of Marine and Fisheries, Universitas Syiah Kuala

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13170/depik.13.2.35403

This research was conducted on one of the Siak River tributaries that crosses the urban area in Pekanbaru, namely the Pengambang River. The Pengambang River flow is dammed to become a reservoir; one of its functions is as a source of raw drinking water. Increased activity along rivers and reservoirs certainly has an impact on water quality. The research was carried out in May-October 2023. Water sampling was taken at 3 points each along the river flow and in the Reservoir. The physicochemical water quality parameters measured include temperature, TSS, BOD, COD, DO, pH, TP, Nitrate, and Total coliforms for rivers and reservoirs, while Chorofil-a only for reservoirs. Water quality was evaluated using CCME-WQI, and the results of water quality evaluation according to CCME-WQI in the Pengambang River at all sampling stations could have been bad to marginal. At the same time, in the Reservoir, it was marginal. The CCME_WQI Index value in rivers ranges 42.33 to 54.97, while in reservoirs, it is higher 49-56, it indicated water quality in reservoir better than river. Parameters influencing water quality in rivers and reservoirs, especially TC and BOD come from household waste cage fish cultivation.

Kapasitas Adsorpsi dan Efektivitas Karbon Aktif Pelepah Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) untuk Mengadsorpsi Ion Logam Tembaga (Cu2+) Nurfatihayati, Nurfatihayati; Irianty, Rozanna Sri; Winarno, Winarno; Yani, Oktavia Dewa; Al'farisi, Cory Dian
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 1 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.1.51-61

Palm fronds waste have a carbon content of 81.25%, which is quite high, making them suitable for use as activated carbon adsorbents that are beneficial for anticipating or minimizing the occurrence of Cu2+ ion pollution in the environment. This research aims to analyze the effect of contact time and mass of palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent on the adsorption of Cu2+ ions, the adsorption capacity of the palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent, and the effectiveness of the palm fronds activated carbon adsorbent in adsorbing Cu2+ ions. The research stages began with preparing palm frond samples with a size of (-80/+100) mesh, which was then activated with H3PO4 and 3M HCl for 24 hours. Based on the results, the best adsorbent characteristics used H3PO4 as the activator. The adsorption process was carried out with mass variations (10, 15, 20) g, contact times of (30, 60, 90, 120) minutes with a stirring speed of 90 rpm, and an adsorbate concentration of copper ions (Cu2+) of 10 mg/L. The optimal adsorption capacity obtained with the H3PO4 activator was at a contact time of 90 minutes with an adsorbent mass of 10 g, amounting to 0.965 mg/g. The highest adsorption effectiveness was found at a contact time of 90 minutes with an adsorbent amount of 20 g of palm frond activated carbon, which was 99.76%.

Sintesis Natrium Silikat Menggunakan Silika dari Pasir Pantai Bengkalis Azis, Yelmida; Ida Zahrina; Mutamima, Anisa; Alfarisi, Cory Dian; Nurfatihayati
Jurnal Riset Kimia Vol. 15 No. 1 (2024): March
Publisher : Universitas Andalas

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.25077/jrk.v15i1.640

Sodium silicate (Na2SiO3) is a chemical industrial material that is widely used as a metal cleaner, adhesive, and as a filler in the detergent, soap and toothpaste industries. Sodium silicate can be synthesized from silica dioxide (SiO2), which can be obtained through an extraction process from materials containing silica such as sand, glass bottle waste or rice husks. In this research, the synthesis of Na2SiO3 was carried out using silica extracted from Bengkalis beach sand using the acid leaching method, with a 3M HCl solution. The results of X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis of Bengkalis Beach sand showed that the silica content reached 89.1%. This research aims to determine the effect of the molar ratio of the NaOH reactant to the extracted SiO2 (2:1, 3:1 and 4:1) on the Na2SiO3 produced. The synthesis of Na2SiO3 was carried out using the hydrothermal method at atmospheric pressure, by reacting a 4M NaOH solution with 10 g of silica from Bengkalis sand, by heating at 110oC for an hour and stirring at 600 rpm. A molar ratio of 2:1 is the best ratio which produces 9.427g of Na2SiO3. From analysis using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the spectrum patterns obtained are suitable for compounds containing silanol (≡Si-OH) and siloxane (≡Si-O-Si≡) groups. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of the synthesized compound is in accordance with standard sodium silicate. The Na2SiO3 obtained has a crystal diameter of 44.8 nm with an agglomerate-shaped morpology.

Pemanfaatan Ekstrak Daun Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) sebagai Antibakteri untuk Produksi Sabun Cair Nurfatihayati, Nurfatihayati; Heltina, Desi; Putra, Eden; Delef, Fahrul Fajar; Alfarisi, Cory Dian; Drastinawati, Drastinawati
Eksergi Vol 21 No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Prodi Teknik Kimia, Fakultas Teknik Industri, UPN "Veteran" Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31315/e.v21i1.10148

Ekstrak daun ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) mengandung senyawa kimia antibakteri yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam memproduksi sabun cair. Tujuan penelitian ini memperoleh sabun cair dan menentukan variasi terbaik ekstrak ketapang untuk sabun cair yang memenuhi mutu sabun cair SNI 4085-2017. Penelitian ini bersifat eksperimental yang terdiri dari ekstrak daun ketapang dengan konsentrasi 0%, 2%, 4%, dan 6% serta KOH 25%, 30% dan 35%. Pembuatan ekstrak daun ketapang dilakukan dengan cara maserasi. Proses pembuatan sabun menggunakan metode hot process. Pengujian sabun cair meliputi uji pH, asam lemak bebas, angka lempeng total, stabilitas busa, menghitung perolehan sabun cair, dan menentukan variasi terbaik ekstrak ketapang pada sabun cair. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan perolehan sabun cair terbesar terdapat pada konsentrasi KOH 30% dengan konsentrasi ekstrak 4%, yaitu 157,35 gram dan rendemen 52,45%. Variasi ekstrak daun ketapang terbaik diperoleh pada konsentrasi 4% pada konsentrasi KOH 25% dengan karakteristik sabun cair, yaitu pH 9,19, asam lemak bebas 1,74%, angka lempeng total 0 x 101 koloni/ml, stabilitas busa 96,26%, dan zona hambat 11 mm. Sabun cair dengan variasi ekstrak daun ketapang yang dihasilkan telah memenuhi standar SNI 4085:2017.

Sintesis Nitroselulosa dari Serat Daun Nanas sebagai Sumber α-Selulosa untuk Bahan Baku Pembuatan Propelan Al'farisi, Cory Dian; Padil, Padil; Yelmida A.; Nurfatihayati, Nurfatihayati
Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical and Environmental Engineering Science Vol 6 No 2 (2025): Journal of Bioprocess, Chemical, and Environmental Engineering
Publisher : Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, UNRI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31258/jbchees.6.2.72-82

Nitrocellulose is an important compound in the chemical industry, which has various crucial applications, such as the main ingredient for making quality paint, ink, and coating formulations in the printing process, as well as a propellant (explosive). Nitrocellulose as a raw propellant material is currently very popular. In this research, pineapple leaf waste has been processed as a raw material for making nitrocellulose through a nitration process. The research aims to determine the effect of the nitration process's length and the nitrating acid's composition on nitrocellulose's nitrogen content. Before the nitration process, an initial process is carried out, namely pre-treatment of pineapple fiber to obtain fiber with a cellulose purity of >92%. In the nitration process, the ratio of titrating acid (H₂SO₄:HNO₃) used is 1:3, 1:2, 2:1, 7:3, and 3:1 with a nitration time of 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. The results obtained in this research were that the pre-treatment process was able to increase the purity of cellulose in pineapple fiber by up to 93%. Then the 2:1 titrating acid formulation (H₂SO₄:HNO₃) is the best acid ratio formulation. Meanwhile, the optimum time for nitration is 60 minutes, with a nitrogen content in nitrocellulose of 12.73%. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis shows that there has been an exchange of hydroxyl groups in nitrocellulose with nitro groups, which is indicated by the presence of a peak indicating the nitro group. Apart from that, the burning test also showed that nitrocellulose can be burned faster than cellulose

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