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Optimization of Singkarak hydropower outflow for renewable micro hydropower development Rauf, Rosnita; Hadi, Harry Setya; Najif, Hazlif
Jurnal Penelitian Saintek Vol 31, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21831/jps.v30i1.95116

Abstract

The government's initiative to enhance energy resilience and independence includes the augmented use of green energy. PLTA Singkarak is a renewable energy facility that harnesses water from Lake Singkarak to operate its turbines, featuring an average tailrace discharge of 30 m³/s. The Singkarak Hydroelectric Power Plant receives its energy from PLN's Singkarak Substation, utilizing a 5 MVA transformer for distribution to meet its own consumption needs. Consequently, each month, the Singkarak Hydroelectric Power Plant must reduce its total kWh output by its own use, averaging 4,127.8 kW each day. A small-scale Micro Hydro power plant will be developed to utilize the potential water source at the outflow of the Singakrak Hydroelectric Power Plant, serving as the primary supply for the facility, and so decreasing the company's performance target for its own consumption. A sufficiently big outflow tailrace discharge is likely to be repurposed for a micro-hydropower plant. The initial elevation of the Singkarak Hydroelectric Power Plant tailrace exit is 71 meters above sea level, whereas the end elevation is 67 meters above sea level, as measured by hand. A micro-hydropower plant (PLTMH) can be engineered with a net head of 3.8 m and a flow rate of 10.618 m³/s, yielding a maximum power output of 327.8 kW. The turbine employed is a Kaplan turbine, while the generator utilized is a 3-phase synchronous generator, with both components functioning at 1000 rpm . This PLTMH design can supplant the self-consumption of the Singkarak hydropower plant (PLTA), hence enhancing the system's energy efficiency.
Explainable Artificial Intelligence Methods for Autonomous Robot Decision Making: A Multi Agent Framework with Safety Assurance and Ethical Constraint Optimization Harry Setya Hadi; Nicodemus Rahanra
Intelligent Systems and Robotics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2026): February: Intelligent Systems and Robotics
Publisher : Asosiasi Pengelola Jurnal Informatika dan Komputer Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.66472/isr.v1i1.43

Abstract

Autonomous decision-making systems increasingly rely on complex artificial intelligence models to operate in dynamic and safety-critical environments. While these models provide strong predictive capabilities, their black-box nature limits transparency, trust, and accountability. This study proposes a structured research methodology for integrating Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) into autonomous decision-making systems. The research adopts a conceptual–analytical approach to develop an explainability-oriented framework that embeds transparency across perception, decision-making, and action execution stages. The methodology includes literature-driven problem identification, conceptual framework construction, classification and mapping of XAI methods, and formulation of explainability evaluation criteria. The results demonstrate that effective explainability in autonomous systems requires a hybrid integration strategy, combining in-model transparency with post-hoc explanation mechanisms. A structured mapping of XAI techniques to autonomous system components and a conceptual decision-flow diagram are presented to illustrate explainability integration. The findings highlight that layered and context-aware explainability enhances system interpretability, supports human oversight, and improves safety relevance without compromising autonomous operation. This study contributes a reusable methodological foundation for the design and evaluation of explainable autonomous systems, offering practical guidance for future empirical validation and real-world deployment in safety-critical applications.