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All Journal Journal of Tropical Life Science : International Journal of Theoretical, Experimental, and Applied Life Sciences Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Jurnal Pembangunan dan Alam Lestari Journal of Tropical Plant Protection AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Jurnal HPT (Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan)
Toto Himawan
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Environmental Science

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FIRST RECORD OF AMBROSIA BEETLE (Euplatypus paralellus Fabricius) INFESTATION ON SONOKEMBANG (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) FROM MALANG INDONESIA Tarno, Hagus; Suprapto, Hasan; Himawan, Toto
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 36, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya and Indonesian Agronomic Assossiation

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Abstract

Sonokembang (Pterocarpus indicus Willd.) is native of Asia trees, and commonly planted in large numbers as shade trees along roads in Malang. Research was conducted on 76 roads to identify damage intensity of dying trees on sonokembang and clarify the causal agent of dying trees in Malang from May to December 2012. Seven variables was also investigated such as characteristic of tree`s damage, distribution of holes based on sunlight exposure, vertical position of stem, and stem diameter, morphological characteristic of beetle, the intensity of dying trees, and distribution of dying trees. Results showed that there were unique damaging characteristic such as dying and then fallen leaves, holes on the stem and branches, and frass production. Euplatypus parallelus Fabricius was identified as a causal agent of dying sonokembang. There were some indications shown such as beetles preferred to attack stem side with much sunlight exposure, upper stem and medium or bigger size of stem diameter. From 3,206 trees on 76 roads, 69.7% were found dying trees. In dry and rainy season, the intensity of dying trees increased from 8.14 to 9.76% and from 10.26 to 10.79%, respectively. Keywords: Euplatypus paralellus, frass, dying trees, number of holes, sonokembang
Pengaruh Rizobakteri dalam Meningkatkan Kandungan Asam Salisilat dan Total Fenol Tanaman terhadap Penekanan Nematoda Puru Akar Kristiana Sri Wijayanti; Bambang Tri Rahardjo; Toto Himawan
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 9, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v9n2.2017.53-62

Abstract

 Penyakit puru akar pada tanaman kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) yang disebabkan oleh nematoda Meloidogyne spp. mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas serat. Kolonisasi rizobakteri dalam rizosfer berperan sebagai antagonis yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam ketahanan tanaman terhadap patogen.  Peran rizobakteri sebagai bioprotektan dapat menurunkan populasi nematoda yang akan mempengaruhi perkembangan patogen penyebab penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rizobakteri yang potensial dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman kenaf terhadap infeksi nematoda Meloidogyne spp. melalui pembentukan metabolit sekunder diantaranya kandungan total fenol dan asam salisilat. Aplikasi rizobakteri dengan cara perendaman dan tanpa perendaman baik secara tunggal maupun konsorsium.  Rizobakteri yang digunakan terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, dan Azotobacter sp. Pengamatan kandungan total fenol dan asam salisilat diamati pada 15 dan 25 hari setelah inokulasi dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer. Peningkatan total fenol dan asam salisilat tertinggi diperoleh ketika benih kenaf direndam dengan bakteri P. fluorescens berturut-turut sebesar 513,45% dan 235,99%. Terdapat peningkatan bobot kering tanaman kenaf dengan aplikasi rizobakteri dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Effect of Rhizobacteria  in Content  of Salicylic Acid and Total Phenol of Kenaf Against Nematodes Infections Root knoot disease of kenaf caused by nematodes Meloidogyne spp. is an important disease since it lowers quality and quantity of the fiber. Colonization of rhizobacteria in rhizosphere acts as an antagonist that can be utilized in plant resistance to pathogens. The role of rhizobacteria as a bioprotectan could reduce nematode population, and thus affect development of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of rhizobacteria in improving kenaf resistance against root knot nematode by inhibiting the production of total phenols and salicylic acid. Application of rhizobacteria was done by soaking or without soaking kenaf seeds either singly or in consortium. There were three rhizobacteria used in this study, i.e: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Azotobacter sp. The content of total phenols and salicylic acid was observed at 15 and 25 days after inoculation using a spectrophotometer. The highest elevation level of total phenols and salicylic acid was obtained when kenaf seeds were soaked in P. fluorescens 513,45% and 235,99% respectively. There is an increase dry weight of kenaf with aplication of rhizobacteria compared with controls.
The Influence of Colour Trap to The Community Structure on Apple Plant in Junggo, Tulungrejo Village, Bumiaji District, Batu City (Preliminary Study About Armoured Scale (Diaspididae family)) Sama' Iradat Tito; Gatot Mudjiono; Abdul Latief Abadi; Toto Himawan
Indonesian Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development Vol 10, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Graduate Program

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jpal.2019.010.01.11

Abstract

Scales have attacked 9 hectares of apple land spread in 8 villages of Bumiaji sub-district such as Giripurno village, Tulungrejo village, Pandanrejo village, Sumbergondo village, Bulukerto village, Punten village, Gunungsari village, and Bumiaji village. This pest is a perennial pest on apple crops and difficult to control. The current way of control has not been able to overcome this pest problem. Therefore, research is needed to get effective control technology and easy to implement. The use of colour traps in addition to control needs, and also expected to needs of monitoring and identification of existing problems that make this pest difficult to control. This research was conducted to find out the effect of colour trap to community structure at Junggo, Tulungrejo Village, Bumiaji Sub-district, Batu City. Colour traps are fitted with 10 types of treatment colour with 3 replication. The observational data were analyzed by using community test. The results showed that the community analysis on the colour trap indicating that the index of diversity (H') and the dominance index (C) all treatments and families were small but the uniformity index (E) belonged to the stable community was owned by treatment B8 white colour with height 1.5m) and B9 (clear colour with height 1m). The largest dominant index (C) data of Diaspididae family (scales) is owned by B7 treatment (white colour with height 1m) of 0.18. The natural enemy species of scales found on apple plants is Encarsia strenua (silvestri) : Famili Aphelinidae.Key Words: Apple, Colour trap, Scales
The Effectiveness of Lemongrass Oil Against Brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) on Rice Plant Toto Himawan; Rina Rachmawati; Eka Putri Rifandani
Journal of Tropical Plant Protection Vol 2, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtpp.2021.002.1.3

Abstract

Rice (Oryza sativa) is the primary food crop in the world. The use of natural pesticides made from essential plants has begun to be developed because it is useful in controlling some plant pests. This study aimed to investigate lemongrass oil's effectiveness in controlling brown planthopper pests in rice plants. This study consist of five concentrations using lemongrass oil and sterile distilled water as control was repeated three times. The highest mortality of brown planthopper was found at 1.6% concentration (100%), while the lowest mortality was 0.1% concentration (26.66%). The lemongrass oil can be used to control brown planthoppers because of the LC50 value at a concentration of 8233.34 ppm (0.8%) and LT50 at 6 HAT. 
Leaf and Flower Extracts of Tithonia diversifolia Against Aphis gosypii in Red Chili Plant Toto Himawan; Tari Rahayu; Tita Widjayanti
Journal of Tropical Plant Protection Vol 2, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : University of Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jtpp.2021.002.1.5

Abstract

Red chili is one of the main commodities in Indonesia. Aphid (Aphis gossypii) is one of the pests that cause damage to the red chili plant. A. gossypii attacks require control measures using plant-based pesticides from the leaves and sunflowers of Mexico. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of leaves and flower of T. diversifolia extracts against A. gossypii. This research consisted of five concentrations (0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7 and 0.9%) and four replications. The LC50 and LT50 were calculated by using probit analysis of the Hsin Chi program. The results showed that the Tithonia diversifolia flower extract had higher toxicity than the leaf extract of 0.48%, which could cause the death of A. gossypii by 50%, while the leaf extract had a concentration of 0.55%. The flower extract caused the fastest 50% mortality (37.42 hours), while leaf extract was 65.63 hours. The leaf and flower extracts can also reduce the number of A. gossypii offspring. 
Arthropods Diversity and Population Dynamic of Helopeltis antonii Sign. (Hemiptera: Miridae) on Various Cocoa Agroecosystems Management Mochamad Syarief; Gatot Mudjiono; A. Latief Abadi; Toto Himawan
AGRIVITA, Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 40, No 2 (2018): JUNE
Publisher : Faculty of Agriculture University of Brawijaya in collaboration with PERAGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17503/agrivita.v39i2.1038

Abstract

As an important pest, Helopeltis Antonii reduces cocoa yields ca. 32-44 %. Related to H. antonii, this research aimed to identify the arthropods diversity, population and attack intensity of H. antonii in three different managements of cocoa plantations i.e. Kedaton, Banjarsari and Nogosari, Jember district, East Java, Indonesia from February 2014 to February 2015. The arthropod collection was done by visually, sweep net, yellow pan, malaise and pitfall traps. Arthropods diversity and similarity were analyzed by Margalef species richness index (R), Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H’), Evenness index (E), Simpson dominance index (C) and Sorensen Similarity index (SS). The different number of arthropod, population and attack intensity of H. antonii between plantations were examined by Wilcoxon test. The research showed that the highest species richness, diversity and evenness index values was in Nogosari and it was in a stable condition. About 10 orders, 35 families and 41 species of arthropods in Nogosari, it was higher than two other cocoa plantations. Nogosari was different from Kedaton and Banjarsari based on Sorensen Similarity Index with 78.26 and 77.78 % respectively. In addition, population dynamic and attack intensity of H. antonii in the three cocoa plantations were different in a year.
Pengaruh Rizobakteri dalam Meningkatkan Kandungan Asam Salisilat dan Total Fenol Tanaman terhadap Penekanan Nematoda Puru Akar Kristiana Sri Wijayanti; Bambang Tri Rahardjo; Toto Himawan
Buletin Tanaman Tembakau, Serat & Minyak Industri Vol 9, No 2 (2017): Oktober 2017
Publisher : Balai Penelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1488.384 KB) | DOI: 10.21082/btsm.v9n2.2017.53-62

Abstract

 Penyakit puru akar pada tanaman kenaf (Hibiscus cannabinus L.) yang disebabkan oleh nematoda Meloidogyne spp. mengakibatkan penurunan kualitas dan kuantitas serat. Kolonisasi rizobakteri dalam rizosfer berperan sebagai antagonis yang dapat dimanfaatkan dalam ketahanan tanaman terhadap patogen.  Peran rizobakteri sebagai bioprotektan dapat menurunkan populasi nematoda yang akan mempengaruhi perkembangan patogen penyebab penyakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi rizobakteri yang potensial dalam meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman kenaf terhadap infeksi nematoda Meloidogyne spp. melalui pembentukan metabolit sekunder diantaranya kandungan total fenol dan asam salisilat. Aplikasi rizobakteri dengan cara perendaman dan tanpa perendaman baik secara tunggal maupun konsorsium.  Rizobakteri yang digunakan terdiri dari 3 jenis yaitu Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, dan Azotobacter sp. Pengamatan kandungan total fenol dan asam salisilat diamati pada 15 dan 25 hari setelah inokulasi dengan menggunakan alat spektrofotometer. Peningkatan total fenol dan asam salisilat tertinggi diperoleh ketika benih kenaf direndam dengan bakteri P. fluorescens berturut-turut sebesar 513,45% dan 235,99%. Terdapat peningkatan bobot kering tanaman kenaf dengan aplikasi rizobakteri dibandingkan dengan kontrol. Effect of Rhizobacteria  in Content  of Salicylic Acid and Total Phenol of Kenaf Against Nematodes Infections Root knoot disease of kenaf caused by nematodes Meloidogyne spp. is an important disease since it lowers quality and quantity of the fiber. Colonization of rhizobacteria in rhizosphere acts as an antagonist that can be utilized in plant resistance to pathogens. The role of rhizobacteria as a bioprotectan could reduce nematode population, and thus affect development of the disease. This study aimed to evaluate the potency of rhizobacteria in improving kenaf resistance against root knot nematode by inhibiting the production of total phenols and salicylic acid. Application of rhizobacteria was done by soaking or without soaking kenaf seeds either singly or in consortium. There were three rhizobacteria used in this study, i.e: Pseudomonas fluorescens, Bacillus subtilis, and Azotobacter sp. The content of total phenols and salicylic acid was observed at 15 and 25 days after inoculation using a spectrophotometer. The highest elevation level of total phenols and salicylic acid was obtained when kenaf seeds were soaked in P. fluorescens 513,45% and 235,99% respectively. There is an increase dry weight of kenaf with aplication of rhizobacteria compared with controls.
EKSPLORASI CENDAWAN ENTOMOPATOGEN Beauveria sp. MENGGUNAKAN SERANGGA UMPAN PADA KOMODITAS JAGUNG, TOMAT DAN WORTEL ORGANIK DI BATU, MALANG Fadhila Herdatiarni; Toto Himawan; Rina Rachmawati
Jurnal HPT (Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan) Vol. 2 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Cendawan entomopatogen merupakan cendawan yang menginfeksi serangga dengan cara masuk ketubuh serangga inang melalui kulit, saluran pencernaan, spirakel. Salah satu cendawan entomopatogen yang potensial mengendalikan beberapa spesies serangga hama adalah Beauveria sp. Cendawan ini sebagai agens hayati yang efektif menginfeksi beberapa jenis serangga hama, terutama ordo Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Homoptera, dan Coleoptera. Tujuan penelitian ialah Untuk mendapatkan isolat cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria sp. dari komoditas jagung, tomat dan wortel organik di Batu, Malang. Manfaat penelitian adalah Memperbanyak informasi persebaran keberadaan habitat cendawan entomopatogen Beauveria sp. Metode meliputi Rearing Larva Serangga Umpan, Eksplorasi Cendawan Entomopatogen, Media Cendawan Entomopatogen, Isolasi Cendawan Entomopatogen, Identifikasi Cendawan, Pembuatan Preparat, Perhitungan Kerapatan Spora dan Penularan kembali ke Larva Tenebrio molitor. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, dapat disimpulkan bahwa penggunaan metode serangga umpan yang dilakukan pada komoditas jagung, tomat dan wortel organik di Batu, Malang, efektif memancing cendawan entomopatogen yang berada di dalam tanah. Persentase cendawan entomopatogen yang didapatkan pada komoditas jagung sebanyak 20%, pada komoditas tomat sebanyak 20% dan pada komoditas wortel sebanyak 26%. Dari 15 sampel cendawan entomopatogen yang diidentifikasi, 12 sampel teridentifikasi sebagai Beauveria sp., sedangkan 3 sampel belum dapat diidentifikasi. Persentase mortalitas penularan kembali ke Larva T. molitor berkisar antara 80-100%, sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa isolat cendawan entomopatogen yang diperoleh dari ketiga jenis lahan berpotensi untuk mengendalikan serangga hama larva T. molitor.Kata kunci : Eksplorasi, Cendawan Entomopatogen, Serangga Umpan, Malang.
PENGARUH FILTRAT BIAKAN Trichoderma spp. TERHADAP PENETASAN TELUR NEMATODA PURU AKAR (Meloidogyne sp.) Aji Santoso; Toto Himawan; Hagus Tarno
Jurnal HPT (Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan) Vol. 2 No. 4 (2014)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

Nematoda puru akar (Meloidogyne sp.) sulit untuk dikendalikan karena sebagian hidupnya berada didalam jaringan akar dan sebagian berada diluar jaringan tanaman akar. Berbagai upaya pengendalian telah dilakukan, diantaranya penggunaan agen hayati Trichoderma sp. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan penelitian untuk mengetahui pengaruh perlakuan filtrate biakan Trichoderma spp. untuk menekan penetasan telur Meloidogyne sp.Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Hama, Sub Laboratorium Nematologi jurusan Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Brawijaya. Isolat jamur yang digunakan ialah Trichoderma harzianum (Tr/015/HPTUB), T. viride (Tr/m3/viride/UB), dan Trichoderma koningii (Tr/016/HPTUB). Nematoda yang digunakan untuk perlakuan adalah Meloidogyne incognita. Filtrat biakan T. harzianum mampu menekan penetasan telur M. incognita antara 15.42-47.47%, sedangkan filtrate biakan T. koningii mampu menekan penetasan telur M. incognita antara 12.37-35.05%, dan filtrate biakan T. viride mampu menekan penetasan telur M. incognita antara 18.58-33.00%. Nilai LC50 filtrat biakan T. harzianum ialah 144.16 ml/l, sedangkan filtrate biakan T. koningii ialah 195.14 ml/l, dan filtrate biakan T. viride ialah 477.08 ml/l. Filtrat biakan T. harzianum memiliki toksisitas lebih tinggi dari pada filtrate biakan T. viride dan T. koningii. Kata kunci: Nematoda puru akar, Meloidogyne incognita, filtrate biakan, Trichoderma spp.
PENGARUH Arachis pintoi DAN Ageratum conyzoides TERHADAP TINGKAT PARASITASI PARASITOID LALAT BUAH PADA PERTANAMAN BELIMBING Muhamad Luthfie Tri Meiadi; Toto Himawan; Sri Karindah
Jurnal HPT (Hama Penyakit Tumbuhan) Vol. 3 No. 1 (2015)
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

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Abstract

ABSTRAK Lalat buah merupakan salah satu hama penting pada tanaman belimbing. Musuh alami lalat buah belum dimanfaatkan secara maksimal sebagai agens pengendalian hayati. Musuh alami lalat buah yang terpenting ialah parasitoid. Populasi parasitoid di lapangan sangat rendah karena kurang tersedianya lingkungan yang mendukung kehidupan parasitoid. Salah satu upaya konservasi parasitoid ialah penyediaan refugia. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Arachis pintoi Krapov. & W.C. Greg. dan Ageratum conyzoides Linn. terhadap jenis, jumlah, dan tingkat parasitasi parasitoid lalat buah pada tanaman belimbing. Penelitian ini menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok yang terdiri dari tiga perlakuan. Parasitoid yang ditemukan memparasit Bactrocera carambolae Drew & Hancock ialah Fopius sp., Diachasmimorpha sp., dan Tetrastichus sp.. Rerata jumlah parasitoid lalat buah pada buah belimbing yang dikelilingi A. pintoi, A. pintoi dan A. conyzoides, serta kontrol masing-masing ialah 7,33, 7,43, dan 0,93 ekor/buah belimbing. Tingkat parasitasi parasitoid pada tanaman belimbing yang dikelilingi oleh A. pintoi, A. pintoi dan A. conyzoides, serta kontrol masing-masing ialah 24,87%, 20,94%, dan 3,64%. A. pintoi dan A. conyzoides tidak sesuai jika dikombinasikan karena dapat menurunkan tingkat parasitasi parasitoid pada B. carambolae. Kata Kunci: Musuh alami, Refugia, Bactrocera carambolae
Co-Authors A Friska Rahmawati A. Latief Abadi Abdul Latief Abadi Aji Santoso Arum Yuli Kristanti Bambang Tri Rahardjo Derra Marhaendar Mayang Eka Putri Rifandani Fadhila Herdatiarni Frelyta Ainuz Zahro' Gatot Mudjiono Hagus Tarno Happy Setyaningrum Hasan Suprapto Ika Riana Hiola Kristiana Sri Wijayanti Lia Ni’matul Ulya Ludji Pantja Astuti Luqman Qurata Aini Mochamad Syarief Mochammad Syamsul Hadi Muhamad Luthfie Tri Meiadi Rina Rachmawati Rina Rachmawati Rina Rachmawati Sama’ Iradat Tito Silvi Ikawati Sri Karindah Syamsul Ph.D M.A. Hadi Tari Rahayu Tita Widjayanti