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ASUPAN SERAT MAKANAN DAN KADAR KOLESTEROL-LDL PENDUDUK BERUSIA 25-65 TAHUN DI KELURAHAN KEBON KALAPA, BOGOR Yunita Diana Sari; Sri Prihatini; Krisnawati Bantas
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 37 No. 1 (2014)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v37i1.4008.51-58

ABSTRACTOne of the main risk factor for atherosclerosis is hypercholesterolemia as measured by elevated LDL cholesterol level. Life style change by lack of fruits and vegetables consumption considered a risk to increased cholesterol level. Intake of dietary fiber provide many health benefits. Dietary fiber intake may reduced the risk for the occurrence of various diseases, such as coronary heart disease, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The aim of this study was to measure the association between dietary fiber consumption and the content of LDL cholesterol for the people of 25-65 years of age at Kebon Kelapa Village in Bogor in 2013. The study was a cross-sectional design. The study utilized baseline data from Cohort Study of Non Communicable Disease Risk Factors conducted by National Institute of Health Research and Development using bivariate analysis. The result showed that the proportion of high LDL cholesterol was 78.3% with the mean cholesterol level 120 mg/dl. The mean daily dietary fiber consumption was 7 gram/day. All samples significant consumed food fiber below RDA(<25 gram/day) which 78.3 percent of them had high LDL cholesterol levels. Age, intake of fat and vegetable protein had a significant association with LDL cholesterol levels.Keywords: LDL cholesterol, dietary fiber intake, HypercholesterolemiaABSTRAKSalah satu faktor risiko utama penyebab aterosklerosis adalah hiperkolesterolemia yang ditunjukkan dengan terjadinya peningkatan kadar kolesterol LDL. Perubahan pola hidup yang ditandai dengan kurang mengonsumsi sayuran dan buah merupakan salah satu risiko terjadinya peningkatan kadar kolesterol LDL. Asupan serat makanan memberikan banyak keuntungan bagi kesehatan. Asupan serat-makanan dapat mengurangi risiko untuk terjadinya berbagai penyakit, seperti PJK, stroke, hipertensi, diabetes,dan obesitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan asupan serat-makanan dengan kadar kolesterol LDL pada penduduk usia 25-65 tahun di Kelurahan Kebon Kalapa, Bogor, tahun 2013. Penelitian dilakukan dengan desain potong lintang menggunakan sampel data dasar (baseline data) Studi Kohor Faktor Risiko Penyakit Tidak Menular yang dilakukan oleh Badan Litbangkes tahun 2011 dan dianalisis secara bivariat. Hasil analisis menunjukkan proporsi penduduk usia 25-65 tahun dengan kolesterol LDL tinggi sebesar 78,3 persen dengan rata-rata kadar kolesterol LDL 120 mg/dl. Rata-rata asupan serat-makanan sebesar 7 gram/hari. Seluruh (100 persen) responden mengonsumsi serat-makanan dibawah yang dianjurkan (<25 gram/hari) dimana 78,3 persen diantaranya mempunyai kadar kolesterol LDL tinggi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variabel umur, asupan lemak dan asupan protein nabati secara bermakna mempunyai hubungan dengan kadar kolesterol LDL. [Penel Gizi Makan 2014, 37(1): 51-58]Kata kunci: kolesterol LDL, asupan serat makanan, hiperkolesterolemia

KONSUMSI ZAT GIZI DAN AKTIVITAS FISIK ANAK TAMAN KANAK-KANAK GEMUK DI KOTA BOGOR (NUTRIENT INTAKES AND PHYSICAL ACTIVITY OF OBESE KINDERGARTEN STUDENTS IN BOGOR CITY) Yunita Diana Sari; Dwi Anggraini Puspitasari
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 36 No. 1 (2013)
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v36i1.3394.44-53

ABSTRACT Overweight or obesity is considered as one of the health problems for adults, children and also as earlier as toddler. Being overweight for children at early age most likely would make them remain the same through their adolescents and adults years. Overweight in children is caused by several interrelated factors, such as: unhealthy eating pattern as the habit in consuming food with high fats and calories, and lack of physical activities. The objective of this research was to find out the nutrient intake such as energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and cholesterol of 4-6 years old children with excess weight, and their energy expends in one day. The research was conducted in three kindergartens at Bogor city. The inclusion criterias of the samples were 4-6 years old students with body weight according to height > 2 SD. Data is collected by anthropometry measurement, 1x24 hours food recall, and 1x24 hours activity recall. The average weight of the students was 26,85 kg. The average energy, carbohydrate, protein, fat and cholesterol intakes were 2019 kkal, 229 g, 61 g, 78 g and 457.4 mg respectively. The high intake of cholesterol was acquired from consumption of 3 eggs/day, and from three times consumption of full cream milk/day at the minimum. Total energy expenditure was 1214 kkal/day or there were 805 excess calories/ day. All subjects in this study had physical activity in mild category. The average intake of energy, protein, fat and dietary cholesterol exceeded 100 percent of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. In the long term it would lead to an increase of body weight that could eventually lead to obesity. Keywords: excess nutrition, nutrient intake, total energy expenditure ABSTRAK Kegemukan atau obesitas menjadi salah satu masalah kesehatan bagi orang dewasa dan anak-anak, bahkan sejak usia balita. Jika kegemukan terjadi pada usia dini kemungkinan besar kegemukan akan menetap sampai dewasa. Obesitas pada anak-anak disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor yang saling berkaitan, di antaranya kebiasaan mengonsumsi makanan tinggi lemak dan karbohidrat, dan kurangnya aktifitas fisik. Tujuan dari penelitia adalah untuk mengetahui gambaran konsumsi zat gizi (energi, karbohidrat, protein, lemak dan kolesterol) pada anak usia 4-6 tahun dengan berat badan lebih serta pengeluaran energi sehari. Penelitian dilakukan di tiga Taman Kanak-Kanak di Kota Bogor. Kriteria inklusi sampel yaitu anak TK usia 4-6 tahun dengan berat badan/tinggi badan (BB/TB) ≥ 2 SD. Data diperoreh melalui pengukuran antropometri, recall makanan 1x24 jam dan recall aktifitas 1x24 jam. Rata-rata berat badan anak 26,85 kg. Rata-rata asupan energi sebesar 2019 kkal, karbohidrat 229 g, protein 61 g, lemak 78 g dan kolesterol 457 mg. Kadar kolesterol yang tinggi diperoleh dari konsumsi telur 3 butir sehari dan konsumsi susu full cream minimal 3 kali sehari. Total Energy Expenditure sebesar 1214 kkal/hari atau kelebihan 805 kalori/hari. Aktifitas fisik yang dilakukan oleh semua subyek penelitian berada dalam kategori ringan. Rata-rata asupan energi, protein, lemak dan kolesterol makanan melebihi 100% AKG. Tingginya asupan zat gizi menyebabkan kelebihan energi. Dalam jangka waktu yang lama hal ini akan menyebabkan terjadinya peningkatan berat bedan yang akhirnya bisa menyebabkan anak menjadi obesitas. [Penel Gizi Makan 2013, 36(1): 44-53] Kata Kunci : gizi lebih, konsumsi zat gizi, total energy expenditure

SOSIODEMOGRAFI STUNTING PADA BALITA DI INDONESIA Sudikno sudikno; Yekti Widodo; Irlina Raswanti Irawan; Doddy Izwardy; Vivi Setiawaty; Budi Setyawati; Yunita Diana Sari; Dyah Santi Puspitasari; Feri Ahmadi; Rika Rachmawati; Amalia Safitri; Nurilah Amaliah; Prisca Petty Arfines; Bunga Christitha Rosha; Aditianti Aditianti; Elisa Diana Julianti; Joko Pambudi; Nuzuliyati Nurhidayati; Febriani Febriani
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 44 No. 2 (2021): PGM VOL 44 NO 2 TAHUN 2021
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v44i2.4953

ABSTRACT The problem of stunting in children under five (0-59 months) is still a public health problem, especially in developing countries. This study aims to measure the prevalence of stunting and determine its sociodemography risk factors in Indonesia. This study was a nationwide survey in 514 districts consisting of 32,000 census blocks (320,000 households). The study design was cross-sectional. The population of this study was all families of children under five in all districts in Indonesia. The sample was households with children under five which were visited by Susenas (National Sociodemographic Survey) in March 2019. The data collected were the length/height of children under-five of age, gender, age (months), region (rural and urban), all provinces which were divided into 7 regions. (Java-Bali, Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua), and diarrhea. The results showed that the prevalence of stunting in children under five (0-59 months) was 27.6 percent. Multivariate regression analysis showed that children 12 month old and older, living in rural areas (AOR=1,444; 95% CI: 1,442-1,447), in the Nusa Tenggara region (AOR=1,874; 95% CI: 1,866-1,882), and suffering from diarrhea (AOR=1,409; 95%CI: 1,401-1,417) were more at risk of becoming stunted. ABSTRAK Masalah stunting pada balita (0-59 bulan) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat terutama di negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui prevalensi stunting dan faktor risiko stunting menurut sosiodemografi di Indonesia. Penelitian ini merupakan survei nasional di 514 kabupaten/kota yang terdiri dari 32.000 blok sensus (320.000 rumah tangga). Desain penelitian adalah cross-sectional. Populasi dari penelitian ini adalah semua keluarga balita yang ada di seluruh kabupaten/ kota di Indonesia. Sampel adalah rumah tangga yang memiliki balita yang dikunjungi oleh Susenas Maret 2019. Data yang dikumpulkan adalah panjang/tinggi badan balita, jenis kelamin, umur (bulan), wilayah (perdesaan dan perkotaan), provinsi yang dibagi dalam 7 wilayah (Jawa bali, Sumatera, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Nusa Tenggara, Maluku, Papua), dan penyakit diare pada balita. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan prevalensi stunting pada balita (0-59 bulan) sebesar 27,6 persen. Analisis regresi multivariate menunjukkan bahwa balita yang berumur lebih dari 11 bulan, tinggal di perdesaan (AOR=1,444; 95% CI: 1,442-1,447), wilayah Nusa Tenggara (AOR=1,874; 95% CI: 1,866-1,882) dan yang menderita diare (AOR=1,409; 95%CI: 1,401-1,417) lebih berisiko untuk menjadi stunting. [Penel Gizi Makan 2021, 44(1):71-78]

FAKTOR DETERMINAN BALITA STUNTING PADA DESA LOKUS DAN NON LOKUS DI 13 KABUPATEN LOKUS STUNTING DI INDONESIA TAHUN 2019 Yurista Permanasari; Ika Saptarini; Nurilah Amalia; aditianti aditianti; Amalia Safitri; Nuzuliyati Nurhidayati; Yunita Diana Sari; Prisca Pretty Arfines; Irlina R. Irawan; Dyah Santi Puspitasari; Febriani Syahrul; Budi Setyawati; Rika Rachmawati; Elisa Diana Julianti; Rika Rachmalina; Andi Susilawati; Novianti Sihombing; Sisca Dwi Kumlasari
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 44 No. 2 (2021): PGM VOL 44 NO 2 TAHUN 2021
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v44i2.5665

ABSTRACT The implementation of government policies in stunting prevention has been carried out from the central level to the village level. The Ministry of Home Affairs annually establishes stunting locus villages in 34 provinces. At the stunting locus village, sensitive and specific interventions were carried out. Many factors influence the prevalence of stunting. This study aims to determine the determinants of stunting in locus and non-locus villages in 13 stunting locus districts in Indonesia. This study was a quantitative study with a cross-sectional design. The study was conducted in 13 districts of stunting locus. Each district was chosen one sub-district which was then selected one locus of stunting village and one village of non locus. In each village 90 children were selected. Data analysis was carried out univariate, bivariate, and multivariate with logistic regression test to see the relationship between independent and dependent variables after being controlled by several variables. The results showed that 20 percent lower chance of stunting in locus villages than non locus villages. Toddlers who are breastfed for more than 24 months have a 1.7 times risk of becoming stunted. Toddlers who do not do early initiation of breastfeeding have a 1.5 times risk of becoming stunted compared to toddlers who do early initiation of breastfeeding. High maternal education can prevent stunting 2 times compared to mothers with low education. The selection of stunting locus villages affects the prevalence of stunting. In addition, several determinant factors influence the incidence of stunting, namely the sex of the child, the duration of breastfeeding more than 24 months, the child's age, early initiation of breastfeeding, growth monitoring, the mother's age and the mother's education. ABSTRAK Implementasi kebijakan pemerintah dalam pencegahan stunting telah dilaksanakan mulai dari tingkat pusat sampai tingkat desa. Kementerian Dalam Negeri setiap tahun menetapkan desa lokus stunting di 34 provinsi. Pada desa lokus stunting dilakukan intervensi sensitif dan spesifik. Banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi prevalensi stunting. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui faktor determinan kejadian stunting pada desa lokus dan non lokus di 13 kabupaten lokus stunting di Indonesia. Studi ini merupakan studi kuantitatif dengan desain potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di 13 Kabupaten lokus stunting, setiap kabupaten dipilih satu kecamatan yang kemudian dipilih satu desa lokus stunting dan satu desa non lokus. Pada setiap desa dipilih 90 balita. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat dengan uji regresi logistik untuk melihat hubungan variabel bebas dan terikat setelah dikontrol oleh beberapa variabel. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan bahwa peluang terjadinya stunting 20 persen lebih rendah di desa lokus dibanding desa non lokus. Balita yang mendapatkan ASI lebih dari 24 bulan berisiko 1,7 kali menjadi stunting. Balita yang tidak melakukan inisiasi menyusui dini (IMD) berisiko 1,5 kali menjadi stunting dibandingkan dengan balita yang melakukan IMD. Pendidikan ibu yang tinggi dapat mencegah kejadian stunting 2 kali dibandingkan ibu berpendidikan rendah. Pemilihan desa lokus stunting memengaruhi kejadian stunting. Selain itu, terdapat beberapa faktor determinan yang memengaruhi kejadian stunting yaitu jenis kelamin anak, durasi menyusui ASi lebih dari 24 bulan, usia anak, IMD, pemantauan pertumbuhuan, umur ibu dan pendidikan ibu. [Penel Gizi Makan 2021, 44(2):79-92]

FAKTOR RISIKO UNDERWEIGHT PADA BALITA DI PERKOTAAN DAN PERDESAAN INDONESIA [ANALISIS DATA STUDI STATUS GIZI BALITA INDONESIA 2019] Irlina Raswanti Irawan; Sudikno Sudikno; Elisa Diana Julianti; Nuzuliyati Nurhidayati; Rika Rachmawati; Yunita Diana Sari; Herianti Herianti
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 45 No. 1 (2022): PGM VOL 45 NO 1 TAHUN 2022
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v45i1.6041

ABSTRACT The problem of underweight needs special attention because is the beginning of chronic nutritional problems such as stunting, it even can lead to death. This study aims to identify risk factors for underweight in children aged 0-59 months in urban and rural Indonesia. Using data from the 2019 Under-five child Nutritional Status Study with a cross-sectional design with a sample of 84,819 toddlers. The highest proportion of underweight children aged 24-35 months (18.9%) and 36-47 months (18.2%), male (17.6%), living in rural areas (18.8%) from the Nusa Tenggara region (26.4%) and had a history of diarrhoeal disease (19.7%). The results of multivariate analysis showed, risk of underweight among children who lived in urban and rural areas was almost the same, which is from the age group 24-35 months (AOR=2.19; 95% CI=1.93-2.50) and (AOR=1.99; 95%CI=1.76–2.26); male (AOR=1.18; 95%CI=1.66–2.15) and (AOR=1.18; 95%CI=1.12-1.24); from the Nusa Tenggara region (AOR =1.89; 95%CI = 1.66-2.15) and (AOR=2.05; 95%CI=1.87-2.26) but children under five in rural areas have extra risk which was a history of diarrhoeal disease (AOR=1.37; 95%CI=1.18-1.58). The risk factors for underweight in under-five children in urban and rural areas are in the age of 24-35 months, male and from the Nusa Tenggara region. The difference is the history of diarrhoeal disease in rural areas. A history of suffering from diarrhoea increases the risk of underweight in children. It is necessary to increase knowledge related to the nutritional needs of children and explore the main causes of nutritional problems based on regional conditions. Keywords: underweight, under-five children, urban and rural ABSTRAK Masalah underweight perlu mendapatkan perhatian khusus karena berat badan kurang (gizi kurang/ buruk) merupakan permulaan masalah gizi kronis seperti pendek (stunted) bahkan jika dibiarkan dapat menyebabkan kematian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor risiko underweight pada balita usia 0-59 bulan di perkotaan dan perdesaan Indonesia. Menggunakan data hasil Studi Status Gizi Balita Tahun 2019 dengan desain potong lintang pada balita usia 0 – 59 bulan di Indonesia dengan jumlah sampel 84.819 balita. Proporsi balita yang mengalami underweight terbanyak pada kelompok umur 24-35 bulan (18,9%) dan 36-47 bulan (18,2%), laki-laki (17,6%), tinggal di perdesaan (18,8%) berasal dari regional Nusa Tenggara (26,4%) dan memiliki riwayat penyakit diare (19,7%). Hasil analisis multivariat menunjukkan risiko underweight pada balita yang tinggal di perkotaan dan perdesaan relatif sama yaitu dari kelompok umur 24 – 35 bulan (AOR= 2,19; 95%CI= 1,93-2,50) dan (AOR= 1,99; 95%CI= 1,76 – 2,26); laki-laki (AOR= 1,18; 95%CI= 1,66 – 2,15) dan (AOR= 1,18; 95%CI = 1,12-1,24); dari regional Nusa Tenggara (AOR= 1,89; 95%CI= 1,66 - 2,15) dan (AOR= 2,05; 95%CI= 1,87 – 2,26) tetapi balita di wilayah perdesaan memiliki faktor risiko tambahan yaitu riwayat penyakit diare (AOR= 1,37; 95%CI= 1,18 - 1,58). Faktor risiko underweight pada balita di perkotaan dan perdesaan yaitu berada pada kelompok umur 24 – 35 bulan, laki-laki dan dari regional Nusa Tenggara. Yang menjadi perbedaan adalah riwayat penyakit diare balita di perdesaan. Riwayat menderita diare meningkatkan risiko underweight pada balita yang tinggal di wilayah perdesaan. Peningkatan pengetahuan terkait kebutuhan gizi pada balita dan penggalian penyebab utama masalah gizi berdasarkan kondisi wilayah perlu dilakukan. [Penel Gizi Makan 2022, 45(1):47-58]

ASUPAN ZAT GIZI MAKRO DAN MIKRO PENDERITA TUBERKULOSIS PARU RAWAT JALAN SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH TERAPI FASE INTENSIF DISERTAI KONSELING GIZI Made Dewi Susilawati; Yunita Diana Sari; Rika Rachmawati; Elisa Diana Julianti
Penelitian Gizi dan Makanan (The Journal of Nutrition and Food Research) Vol. 41 No. 1 (2018): PGM VOL 41 NO 1 TAHUN 2018
Publisher : Persagi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22435/pgm.v41i1.1860

ABSTRACT The highest tuberculosis (TB) mortality and morbidity occured in developing countries, including Indonesia. In terms of nutrition, WHO expects TB research conducted nationwide to provide scientific evidence that all important tuberculosis patients are assessed nutritional status and given nutritional counseling in all health facilities. There also need an operational standard in the treatment of malnutrition due to TB. The aims of this study were to identify nutrient intake and blood micronutrient level in TB patients before and after 2 months of therapy with nutritional counseling. The pre-experimental pretest posttest 1 group study was conducted in 10 Puskesmas in Bogor District in 68 pulmonary tuberculosis patients aged 15-55 years. Primary data were collected through interviews, anthropometric measurements and laboratory checks. Results of BTA examination showed that most patients were TB patients with BTA 1 + 49.1% and 35.8% with BTA 3 +, the rest of BTA 2+ and scanty. There were significant differences in macro and micronutrient intake before and after intensive phase therapy accompanied by nutritional counseling (p <0.05). The levels of retinol, selenium, vitamin D and vitamin E in the blood also showed significant differences before and after intensive phase therapy (p <0.05). The macro and micronutrient intake after intensive phase therapy was higher than before. Most of patients experienced an increase in dietary intake in almost all food group, as well as micronutrient levels (retinol, selenium, vitamin D and vitamin E) in the blood increased after intensive phase therapy with nutrition counseling. Keyword: nutrition intake, pulmonary tuberculosis, nutrition counseling ABSTRAK Angka kesakitan dan kematian TB tertinggi ada di negara berkembang, termasuk di Indonesia. Dari segi nutrisi, WHO mengharapkan penelitian TB yang dilakukan di seluruh negara dapat memberikan bukti ilmiah bahwa semua pasien TB penting dinilai status gizinya dan diberikan konseling gizi di semua sarana kesehatan dan perlunya ditetapkan standar operasional dalam penanganan malnutrisi akibat TB. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi asupan gizi dan kadar mikronutrien pasien TB sebelum dan sesudah terapi 2 bulan dengan konseling gizi. Desain penelitian pra-eksperimental pretest posttest 1 kelompok dilakukan di 10 Puskesmas di Kabupaten Bogor pada 68 pasien TB paru, berusia antara 15-55 tahun. Data primer dikumpulkan melalui wawancara, pengukuran antropometri dan pemeriksaan laboratorium. Hasil pemeriksaan BTA menunjukkan bahwa pasien terbanyak adalah pasien TB dengan BTA 1 + sebesar 49,1 % dan 35,8 % dengan BTA 3 + sisanya BTA 2+ dan scanty. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna pada asupan makro dan mikronutrien sebelum dan setelah terapi fase intensif yang disertai konseling gizi (p<0.05). Kadar retinol, selenium, vitamin D dan vitamin E dalam darah juga menunjukkan perbedaan bermakna sebelum dan sesudah terapi fase intensif (p<0.05). Rerata asupan makro dan mikronutrien sesudah terapi fase intensif lebih tinggi dibandingkan sebelum terapi. Sebagian besar pasien mengalami peningkatan pola konsumsi makan pada hampir semua golongan bahan makanan, begitu juga dengan kadar mikronutrien (retinol, selenium, vitamin D dan vitamin E) dalam darah mengalami peningkatan sesudah terapi fase intensif yang telah disertai konseling gizi. Kata kunci: asupan gizi, tuberkulosis paru, konseling gizi

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