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Menyoal Kembali Teori Evolusi Agama J.G. Frazer dalam Keberagamaan Masyarakat Jawa Muqtada, Muhammad Rikza
MILLATI: Journal of Islamic Studies and Humanities Vol 1, No 1 (2016): MILLATI
Publisher : Institut Agama Islam Negeri (IAIN) Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (191.911 KB)

Abstract

Religion is seen as the result of philosophers’ thinking production which has a tendency to solve the riddle of life and to spread their ideas and their thoughts to others. Frazer is one pushed for discovering when the religion began to exist. The conclusion is that the human belief system, in accordance with a level of reasoning ability, evolves from magical belief, than religous belief, and ends on science. Nevertheless, when it is compared to the religious phenomenon in Indonesia, especially in Java, Frazer’s theory is not entirely true and debatable. The religious system in Java exactly does not have evolution as interpreted in Frazer’s theory. With its elasticity, genuine Javanese belief – dynamism and animism – only underwent assimilation with foreign cultures that came later like Islam and Christian, and including Western culture. In the context of Javanese religiosity, those three beliefs system as intended by Frazer, take place integrally and parallel in modern Javanese culture.
UTOPIA KHILÄ€FAH ISLÄ€MIYYAH: Studi Tafsir Politik Mohammed Arkoun Muqtada, Muhammad Rikza
Jurnal THEOLOGIA Vol 28, No 1 (2017): TAFSIR DAN HADIS
Publisher : Fakulta Ushuluddin dan Humaniora Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2017.28.1.1410

Abstract

Abstract: This paper aims to study Muhammed Arkoun’s political interpretation thought about the ideal state. He shows that each political contestation often uses religion as a legitimation of political interest. Many of discourses in Qur’an, such as old narratives of Qur’an (amtsal al-Qur’an), is often presented to modify the existing political conditions. Moreover, some of the terms of Quranic discourse, like as ‘Muslim’ or ‘Kafir’ (infidel), is always in a binary position to create sharp differences between the militant and the opposition. The Qur'anic discourses, intentionally or not, since the time of revealing of the Qur’an has been dragged into the political territory as well the theological territory, so it is able to change the profane history into the sacred story with the great power of sacralization. Although the Qur’an is within the dialectic area, some of Islamist always reduces the meaning of Qur’an to support their agenda in realizing the Islamic State (Khilafah Islamiyah). For Arkoun, that desire is a utopian politics idea and nothing more than an interpretation of religious texts. There is no agreement among the people about the ideal state concept. Therefore, Arkoun offers the concept of ideal state is if religious authorities and political authorities apply their function professionally yet integrated.Abstrak: Tulisan ini menggagas pemikiran tafsir politik Muhammed Arkoun tentang negara ideal. M. Arkoun menggambarkan bahwa dalam setiap kontestasi politik sering menyeret agama sebagai legitimasi pemangku kepentingan. Wacana-wacana dalam al-Qur’an seperti teladan-teladan kuno (amthāl al-Qur’an) sering dihadirkan untuk memodifikasi kondisi politik yang ada. Selain itu, beberapa istilah dalam wacana al-Qur’an, seperti ‘Muslim’ dan ‘kafir’, diposisikan biner untuk menciptakan perbedaan tajam antara kelompok militan dan oposan. Wacana-wacana qur’ani tersebut, dengan sengaja atau tidak, sejak masa turunnya ayat telah diseret masuk ke dalam wilayah politik sekaligus wilayah teologis, sehingga mampu mengubah sejarah yang profan menjadi kisah sakral dengan kekuasaan sakralisasi yang besar. Meskipun al-Qur’an berada dalam ruang dialektis yang bebas, oleh sebagian kelompok Islamis pemaknaan al-Qur’an direduksi dan dibawa untuk mendukung agenda mewujudkan Islamic State (negara Islam). Bagi Arkoun, keinginan tersebut merupakan gagasan politik yang utopis dan tak lebih dari sebuah interpretasi atas teks agama. Tidak ada kesepakatan di kalangan umat mengenai konsep negara ideal. Karena itu, Arkoun menawarkan konsep negara ideal adalah jika otoritas keagamaan dan otoritas politik berlaku sesuai dengan fungsinya namun tetap terintegrasi.
Hadis Khilâfah dan Relasinya terhadap Kontestasi Politik Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) Pasca-Perpu Nomor 2 Tahun 2017 Muqtada, Muhammad Rikza
Mutawatir : Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith Vol 8 No 1 (2018): JUNI
Publisher : Program Studi Perbandingan Agama, Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (444.694 KB) | DOI: 10.15642/mutawatir.2018.8.1.1-21

Abstract

After the dissolution of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, sympathizers of HTI tried to appeal in various ways. One of them is to build the opinions through the dakwah media of HTI about the authenticity of al-Khilâfah al-Islâmîyah sources in the religious narratives. This propaganda means that the political system fought for by HTI is a part of the Islamic Shari‘a which have to be defended, rejecting it means kufr. However, the legality of khilâfah’s source is problematic. The Qur’an does not mention it, while the hadith that mentions the khilâfah is more problematic. The hadith of khilâfah only narrated by Ah}mad b. H{anbal on his book. This Ḥadîth arises due to the attitude of Ḥabîb b. Salîm who looked for face in front of ‘Umar b. Abd al-‘Azîz as the khalifah claimed by ‘alâ minhâj al-nubuwwah. The triumph at that time was dreamed by HTI to be re-realized. To realize that vision, HTI interprets the religious texts to the political platform that means has mixed religious functions and political functions become one.
HADIS KHILâFAH DAN RELASINYA TERHADAP KONTESTASI POLITIK HIZBUT TAHRIR INDONESIA (HTI) PASCA-PERPU NOMOR 2 TAHUN 2017 Muqtada, Muhammad Rikza
Mutawatir : Jurnal Keilmuan Tafsir Hadith Vol. 8 No. 1 (2018): JUNI
Publisher : Program Studi Perbandingan Agama, Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Filsafat, Universitas Islam Negeri (UIN) Sunan Ampel Surabaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (444.694 KB)

Abstract

After the dissolution of Hizbut Tahrir Indonesia (HTI) by the Ministry of Law and Human Rights, sympathizers of HTI tried to appeal in various ways. One of them is to build the opinions through the dakwah media of HTI about the authenticity of al-Khilâfah al-Islâmîyah sources in the religious narratives. This propaganda means that the political system fought for by HTI is a part of the Islamic Shari?a which have to be defended, rejecting it means kufr. However, the legality of khilâfah?s source is problematic. The Qur?an does not mention it, while the hadith that mentions the khilâfah is more problematic. The hadith of khilâfah only narrated by Ah}mad b. H{anbal on his book. This ?adîth arises due to the attitude of ?abîb b. Salîm who looked for face in front of ?Umar b. Abd al-?Azîz as the khalifah claimed by ?alâ minhâj al-nubuwwah. The triumph at that time was dreamed by HTI to be re-realized. To realize that vision, HTI interprets the religious texts to the political platform that means has mixed religious functions and political functions become one.
MAHDIISME DALAM HADIS-HADIS MAHDAWIYAH Muqtada, Muhammad Rikza
Jurnal THEOLOGIA Vol 30, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Fakulta Ushuluddin dan Humaniora Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2019.30.2.3620

Abstract

This paper discusses the origins of Mahdiism (al-Mahdi al-Muntaẓar) that are constructed using the mahdawiyyah ḥadīth with the status of aḥad (single transmitter) and ḍa'īf (weak). Nevertheless, this belief (Mahdiism) has deep roots in the theological reason of Muslims. By the historical approach, the finding shows that Mahdiism has roots in millenarianism (belief of the saviors' presence) that had existed in pre-Islamic traditions, such as Jewish and Christian. The elementary form of Islamic millenarianism is the concept of prophethood, but when the prophethood concept was deemed finished, it continued into the concept of Mahdiism. The first emergence of Mahdiism is in line with the emergence of mahdawiyyah ḥadīth. The emergence context of the mahda­wiyyah ḥadīth revolves around the power transition from the Umayyad dynasty to the Abbasid dynasty, which always involved Shiite followers as the political victims. The contact between Shiites with the Jewish former and Christian former during the conflict at that time influenced the style of Shiite theology, like as millenarianism. The Shi'ites propagate the presence of al-Mahdi, as the savior from descendants of the prophet (Ahl al-Bait) described through the mahdawiyyah hadiths. Among the narrators of mahdawiyyah ḥadīth are Jewish former (Ka'ab al-Aḥbar) and Christians former (Wahb b. Munabbih). They were the pioneers who incorporated the millenarianism into the Mahdiism.
KRITIK NALAR HADIS MISOGINIS Muqtada, Muhammad Rikza
Musawa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam Vol. 13 No. 2 (2014)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & The Asia Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/musawa.2014.132.87-98

Abstract

Tulisan ini memberikan kritik terhadap nalar yang sering menggunakan hadis-hadis shaḥīh sebagai dalil  doktriner untuk sebuah kepentingan. Di antara yang sering dirujuk adalah hadis shahih yang ada dalam Saḥīh al-Bukhāri. Dalam urusan relasi antara laki-laki dan perempuan, misalnya. Kaum maskulin sering menggunakan hadis Saḥīh al-Bukhāri untuk melegitimasi segala tindakan laki-laki dalam memperlakukan perempuan, juga untuk memperkokoh posisi superioritas laki-laki atas perempuan. Dengan menggunakan  hermeneutika kritis, saya mengajak pembaca untuk cerdas membaca hadis-hadis misoginis yang sudah diklaim shaḥīḥ, karena dibalik kesahihannya ternyata ada hal yang “didiamkan”, meliputi sisi sosio-historis, sisi relasi kekuasaan, sisi intertekstualitas, juga sisi struktural-linguistik. Sehingga hadis yang menyatakan perempuan memiliki kekurangan agama dan akal, di mana dalam tradisi Jawa diistilahkan sebagai “konco wingking”, terbantahkan oleh fakta keterlibatan perempuan dalam banyak sektor publik. Keterlibatannya itu justru bukti bahwa mereka memiliki kemampuan akal yang mumpuni.
IDEOLOGISASI TAFSIR DI KALANGAN ISLAMIS PEREMPUAN BANGLADESH Muqtada, Muhammad Rikza
Musawa Jurnal Studi Gender dan Islam Vol. 15 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & The Asia Foundation

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/musawa.v15i2.1305

Abstract

As an open corpus, al-Qur’an speaks depending on readers. None has authority over al-Qur’an. Consequently, al-Qur’an is often taken by a group of Islamists as a socio-political legitimacy of their movement.Islamist group of Bangladeshi women -BICSa- are ideologizing an interpretation of the Koran which in doctrine to their women cadres to expedite their political missions under Jemaate Islami party (JI) of Bangladesh. BICSa successfully mobilized the women resources as a counterweight to the government by providing an education and a service to the lower levels of society, developing a relationship with the public, and recruiting also mobilizing the political support as the power of women.[Sebagai open corpus, al-Qur’an berbicara tergantung pembacanya. Tidak ada satu pun otoritas yang berkuasa penuh atasnya. Konsekuensinya al-Qur’an sering kali dibawa oleh sekelompok Islamis sebagai bentuk legitimasi gerakan sosial-politis mereka.Sekelompok Islamis perempuan Bangladesh–BICSa– melakukan ideologisasi tafsir al-Qur’an yang diajarkan kepada kader-kader perempuan mereka untuk memperlancar misi politik mereka di bawah partai Jemaate Islami (JI) Bangladesh. BICSa berhasil memobilisasi sumber daya perempuan sebagai penyeimbang pemerintahan dengan menyediakan pendidikan dan jasa bagi masyarakat level bawah, mengembangkan kontak dengan publik, merekrut dan menggalang dukungan politik sebagai kekuatan perempuan]
UTOPIA KHILĀFAH ISLĀMIYYAH: Studi Tafsir Politik Mohammed Arkoun Muhammad Rikza Muqtada
Jurnal Theologia Vol 28, No 1 (2017): TAFSIR DAN HADIS
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2017.28.1.1410

Abstract

Abstract: This paper aims to study Muhammed Arkoun’s political interpretation thought about the ideal state. He shows that each political contestation often uses religion as a legitimation of political interest. Many of discourses in Qur’an, such as old narratives of Qur’an (amtsal al-Qur’an), is often presented to modify the existing political conditions. Moreover, some of the terms of Quranic discourse, like as ‘Muslim’ or ‘Kafir’ (infidel), is always in a binary position to create sharp differences between the militant and the opposition. The Qur'anic discourses, intentionally or not, since the time of revealing of the Qur’an has been dragged into the political territory as well the theological territory, so it is able to change the profane history into the sacred story with the great power of sacralization. Although the Qur’an is within the dialectic area, some of Islamist always reduces the meaning of Qur’an to support their agenda in realizing the Islamic State (Khilafah Islamiyah). For Arkoun, that desire is a utopian politics idea and nothing more than an interpretation of religious texts. There is no agreement among the people about the ideal state concept. Therefore, Arkoun offers the concept of ideal state is if religious authorities and political authorities apply their function professionally yet integrated.Abstrak: Tulisan ini menggagas pemikiran tafsir politik Muhammed Arkoun tentang negara ideal. M. Arkoun menggambarkan bahwa dalam setiap kontestasi politik sering menyeret agama sebagai legitimasi pemangku kepentingan. Wacana-wacana dalam al-Qur’an seperti teladan-teladan kuno (amthāl al-Qur’an) sering dihadirkan untuk memodifikasi kondisi politik yang ada. Selain itu, beberapa istilah dalam wacana al-Qur’an, seperti ‘Muslim’ dan ‘kafir’, diposisikan biner untuk menciptakan perbedaan tajam antara kelompok militan dan oposan. Wacana-wacana qur’ani tersebut, dengan sengaja atau tidak, sejak masa turunnya ayat telah diseret masuk ke dalam wilayah politik sekaligus wilayah teologis, sehingga mampu mengubah sejarah yang profan menjadi kisah sakral dengan kekuasaan sakralisasi yang besar. Meskipun al-Qur’an berada dalam ruang dialektis yang bebas, oleh sebagian kelompok Islamis pemaknaan al-Qur’an direduksi dan dibawa untuk mendukung agenda mewujudkan Islamic State (negara Islam). Bagi Arkoun, keinginan tersebut merupakan gagasan politik yang utopis dan tak lebih dari sebuah interpretasi atas teks agama. Tidak ada kesepakatan di kalangan umat mengenai konsep negara ideal. Karena itu, Arkoun menawarkan konsep negara ideal adalah jika otoritas keagamaan dan otoritas politik berlaku sesuai dengan fungsinya namun tetap terintegrasi.
MAHDIISME DALAM HADIS-HADIS MAHDAWIYAH Muhammad Rikza Muqtada
Jurnal Theologia Vol 30, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Fakultas Ushuluddin dan Humaniora, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21580/teo.2019.30.2.3620

Abstract

This paper discusses the origins of Mahdiism (al-Mahdi al-Muntaẓar) that are constructed using the mahdawiyyah ḥadīth with the status of aḥad (single transmitter) and ḍa'īf (weak). Nevertheless, this belief (Mahdiism) has deep roots in the theological reason of Muslims. By the historical approach, the finding shows that Mahdiism has roots in millenarianism (belief of the saviors' presence) that had existed in pre-Islamic traditions, such as Jewish and Christian. The elementary form of Islamic millenarianism is the concept of prophethood, but when the prophethood concept was deemed finished, it continued into the concept of Mahdiism. The first emergence of Mahdiism is in line with the emergence of mahdawiyyah ḥadīth. The emergence context of the mahda­wiyyah ḥadīth revolves around the power transition from the Umayyad dynasty to the Abbasid dynasty, which always involved Shiite followers as the political victims. The contact between Shiites with the Jewish former and Christian former during the conflict at that time influenced the style of Shiite theology, like as millenarianism. The Shi'ites propagate the presence of al-Mahdi, as the savior from descendants of the prophet (Ahl al-Bait) described through the mahdawiyyah hadiths. Among the narrators of mahdawiyyah ḥadīth are Jewish former (Ka'ab al-Aḥbar) and Christians former (Wahb b. Munabbih). They were the pioneers who incorporated the millenarianism into the Mahdiism.
The Teaching Of Religious Moderation In The Arba’in Hadith Of Mahfuzh al-Tarmasi and The Arba'in Hadith Of Hasyim Ash'ari Muhammad Rikza Muqtada
Jurnal Ushuluddin Vol 27, No 2 (2019): July - December
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.24014/jush.v27i2.6728

Abstract

In the first of 20th century, there were two local hadith books written by two archipelago scholars whose teacher and student status, namely the al-Minhah al-Khairiyah fî Arba’îna Hadîtsan min Ahâdîtsi Khair al-Bariyyah by Mahfuzh al-Tarmasi (d. 1919/1920 AD) and the Arba’ûna Hadîtsan Tata’allaqu bi Mabâdi’u Jam’iyyatu Nahdlatu al-Ulamâ’ by Hasyim Ash'ari (d. 1947 AD). Both of books have a different theme structure from the Arba'in tradition books written by their teachers in the Middle East. For this reason, this paper focuses on how the writing context and the intelectual discourse are contained in the text. The two books of Arba’in hadith were written in order to counter wahabism that at that time attacked the religious thoughts and practices of the archipelago Muslims with the accusations of takfirism. The morality in these books is more directed to moderate the attitudes towards anyone, even against the enemy. As like Ritchey, yellow book or turats is an effective medium for moderating religious attitudes in Islam