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KAJIAN PERUBAHAN PERMUKIMAN SUKU BAJO BERDASARKAN KONSEP TRANSFORMASI KEBUDAYAAN IGNAS KLEDEN Salipu, Muhammad Amir; Mulyati, Ahda; Nurmaningtyas, Anggia Riani; Santoso, Imam
Mintakat: Jurnal Arsitektur Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022): September 2022
Publisher : Architecture Department University of Merdeka Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26905/jam.v23i2.7830

Abstract

Permukiman suku Bajo yang dikenal dengan permukiman di atas laut tersebar di beberapa wilayah perairan di Indonesia, salah satunya di wilayah pantai BajoE, Kabupaten Bone Sulawesi Selatan. Awalnya mereka tinggal di atas perahu, kemudian mengalami perubahan, mulai membuat rumah di atas alr, lalu berangsur-angsur bergeser membangun rumah di daratan. Perubahan permukiman dari laut ke daratan merupakan proses yang cukup lama dan dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan sekitar baik faktor fisik (alam) maupun non fisik (kebudayaan). Menurut Kleden, (1987), perubahan kebudayaan sebagai sebuah proses merupakan gerakan tiga langkah sesuai arah pandang perubahan yang dapat disebut sebagai proses transformasi kebudayaan. Transformasi kebudayaan, adalah perubahan pada sistem nilai (value system), kerangka pengetahuan dan makna (system meaning), tingkah laku, interaksi dan pelembagaan bentuk-bentuk interaksi. Konsep transformasi kebudayaan tersebut dapat dipergunakan untuk mengkaji transformasi permukiman suku Bajo di BajoE dari arah pandang perubahan fisik permukiman, sosial dan ekonomi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode kepustakaan, wawancara dan tinjauan lapangan untuk mendeskripsikan perubahan yang terjadi baik fisik maupun non fisik dari permukiman suku Bajo. Metode kepustakaan dipergunakan karena data yang berkaitan dengan masa lalu tidak dapat diamati secara empiris seperti pemahaman terhadap peristiwa masa lalu yang berkaitan dengan sejarah, persepsi dan sistem nilai budaya.  Berdasakan hasil penelitian diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa konsep trasnformasi kebudayaan Ignas Kleden dapat menjelaskan proses transformasi permukiman suku Bajo yang terdiri atas tiga langkah yaitu: integrasi, desintegrasi, reintegrasi (value system) dan orientasi, disorientasi, reorientasi (system of meaning). Di samping itu, perubahan kebudayaan akan merubah: Tingkah laku dari penerimaan pola, adakalanya melalui penolakan pola menjadi penerimaan pola-pola baru. Orang yang berinteraksi dari sosilisasi, melalui disosialisasi menjadi resosialisasi. Serta pemantapan bentuk-bentuk interaksi dari organisasi, melalui disorganisasi menjadi reorganisasi. Dampak dari perubahan lokasi tersebut terhadap aspek fisik adalah terjadinya perubahan pada: lokasi rumah (di atas laut ke daratan), bentuk, luas, dan tampilan rumah. Dampak pada aspek non fisik yaitu peningkatan aspek sosial ekonomi masyarakat suku Bajo di BajoE Kabupaten Bone.---------------------------------------------------------------------------The settlements of the Bajo tribe, which are known as settlements on the sea, are scattered in several water areas in Indonesia, one of which is in the BajoE coastal area, Bone Regency, South Sulawesi. At first they lived on a boat, then underwent changes, began to build houses on the river, then gradually shifted to building houses on land. Changes in settlements from sea to land is a long process and is influenced by the surrounding environment, both physical (natural) and non-physical (cultural) factors. According to Kleden, (1987), cultural change as a process is a three-step movement according to the direction of change which can be called a process of cultural transformation. Cultural transformation, is a change in the value system, the framework of knowledge and meaning (system meaning), behavior, interaction and institutionalization of forms of interaction. The concept of cultural transformation can be used to examine the transformation of Bajo tribal settlements in BajoE from the perspective of physical, social and economic changes in settlements. This research was conducted using literature, interviews and field reviews to describe changes that occurred both physically and non-physically from the Bajo tribal settlements. The library method is used because data related to the past cannot be observed empirically such as understanding past events related to history, perceptions and cultural value systems. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that the concept of cultural transformation of Ignas Kleden can explain the transformation process of the Bajo tribal settlements which consists of three steps, namely: integration, disintegration, reintegration (value system) and orientation, disorientation, reorientation (system of meaning). In addition, cultural change will change: Behavior from acceptance of patterns, sometimes through rejection of patterns to acceptance of new patterns. People who interact from socialization, through being socialized into resocialization. As well as strengthening the forms of interaction from the organization, through disorganization into reorganization. The impact of the change in location on the physical aspect is a change in: the location of the house (above the sea to the mainland), the shape, area, and appearance of the house. The impact on non-physical aspects is an increase in the socio-economic aspects of the Bajo tribal community in BajoE, Bone Regency.
Study of Theory Based on Security at Silimo Settlement in The Baliem Valley of Papua Salipu, Muhammad Amir; Nurmaningtyas, Anggia Riani; Zebua, Mercyana Trianne; Santoso, Imam
Local Wisdom Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Kearifan Lokal Vol. 14 No. 2 (2022): July 2022
Publisher : University of Merdeka Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26905/lw.v14i2.7594

Abstract

In the Baliem Valley, Papua, the tradition of tribal wars in the culture of the Hubula tribe in the past is related to the concept of site selection, spatial planning, and building form in the Silimo settlement. The problem in this study is how the selection of location, spatial planning, building form, and territoriality become the concept of security in a traditional settlement. The purpose of the study was to determine the security concept in traditional Silimo settlement that consists of site selection, spatial planning, building form, and territoriality based on security theory in settlements. In answering the problem of this research, the researchers use qualitative research methods. The researchers also use a phenomenological approach to explain or reveal the meaning of concepts or phenomena of experience based on the awareness that occurs in several individuals related to security in the Silimo settlement. The theories used in this research are the security theory in crime prevention and the theory of defensible space. The result of this research is that security theory can explain that the selection of location, spatial planning, and building form in the Silimo settlement of the Hubula Tribe in the Baliem Jayawijaya Valley was built based on the traditional conception of security. The concept of security in the Silimo settlement can be realized by: 1) The concept of territory as a defense space and territory as a territory of power; 2) The concept of space as a personal space and a public space: 3) The concept of Kinship, confederation, norms, customary rituals, which become the Patterns and Concepts of Space and Building Forms and Constructions are forms of Social Relations, Natural Relations and Ancestral Relations, to actualize a security system in Silimo settlement.
REKONSTRUKSI KARIWARI SETELAH TSUNAMI 2011: PELESTARIAN ARSITEKTUR VERNAKULAR PAPUA DI TELUK YOUTEFA JAYAPURA Salipu, Muhammad Amir; Nurmaningtyas, Anggia Riani; Utomo, Sugito; Amir, Auryn Lusda
Jurnal MEDIAN Arsitektur dan Planologi Vol 15 No 01 (2025): Jurnal Median
Publisher : Universitas Sains dan Teknologi Jayapura

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.58839/jmap.v15i01.1549

Abstract

Bencana tsunami besar yang melanda pesisir timur Jepang pada tanggal 11 Maret 2011 berdampak hingga ke wilayah pantai utara Papua, termasuk Teluk Youtefa, Kota Jayapura. Gelombang tsunami ini merusak banyak infrastruktur penting, seperti jalan jerambah dan bangunan adat Kariwari di Kampung Enggros, kawasan Teluk Youtefa. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi dampak tsunami Jepang tahun 2011, yang dianggap sebagai penyebab utama kerusakan struktur Kariwari di Teluk Youtefa, mempelajari kearifan lokal suku Enggros tentang standar spasial tradisional untuk penempatan Kariwari. dan menyarankan teknik rekonstruksi untuk struktur Kariwari yang tahan terhadap gelombang laut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dan data diperoleh lewat observasi lapangan. Dampak gelombang tsunami terhadap kegagalan struktural Kariwari dinilai, bersama dengan pengetahuan tradisional masyarakat Enggros tentang tempat konstruksi yang aman. Penelitian ini menghasilkan tiga temuan penting, yaitu: resonansi tsunami meningkatkan ketinggian gelombang laut di Teluk Youtefa yang menghancurkan Kariwari; lokasi revitalisasi Kariwari yang dibangun pada tahun 2010 melanggar aturan spasial konvensional karena berada di paling luar jalur jerambah yang membuatnya rentan terhadap gelombang langsung; dan rekonstruksi yang disarankan adalah bangunan Kariwari ditempatkan kembali di tengah jalur jerambah, seperti yang dilakukan secara konvensional, dengan perkuatan pada tiang pondasi bangunan.