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All Journal Semesta Teknika Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) Turbo : Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Mesin BERDIKARI : Jurnal Inovasi dan Penerapan Ipteks Jurnal Mekanova : Mekanikal, Inovasi dan Teknologi Prosiding Seminar Nasional Program Pengabdian Masyarakat
Sudarja Sudarja, Sudarja
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Aerospace Engineering Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Automotive Engineering Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Computer Science & IT Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Engineering Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Mechanical Engineering Medicine & Pharmacology Social Sciences

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Pengolahan Limbah Industri Sawit Sebagai Bahan Bakar Alternatif Sudarja Sudarja; Kuncoro Diharjo; J Pramana Gentur Sutapa
Semesta Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2007): MEI 2007
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v10i1.855

Abstract

pengolahan buah sawit di industri sawit menyisakan limbah serat buah sawit yang menumpuk di lingkungan perusahaan, dan mayoritas hanya digunakan sebagai urug atau dibakar. sebaliknya, masyarakat membutuhkan bahan bakar alternatif pengganti bbm, mengingat ketersediaan bbm yang makin menipis dan harganya relatif mahal. oleh karena itu kajian tentang pengolahan limbah biofiber (serat sawit) sebagai bahan bakar alternatif dipandang penting dan mendesak untuk dilakukan.Bahan utama penelitian adalah limbah sawit, dan perekat pati. serat dan cangkang sawit yang memiliki kandungan c tinggi diarangkan, yaitu dibakar pada tabung tertutup (menggunakan retort). selanjutnya dibentuk briket arang dilakukan dengan mencampur serbuk arang dengan perekat pati kemudian ditekan pada cetakan dengan mesin pres. pengujian yang dilakukan terhadap briket arang ini meliputi uji: kadar air (berdasarkan astm d-3173), nilai kalor (astm d-5865), kadar abu (astm d-3174), kadar zat menguap (astm d-3175 )dan kadar karbon terikat (astm d-3172). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa briket arang yang terbuat dari campuran cangkang dan serat sawit memiliki nilai kalor rata-rata 7.121,57 k kal/kg, kadar air rata-rata 8,9 %, kadar zat menguap rata-rata 18,43% dan kadar abu rata-rata 4,46%. untuk menentukan kelayakan penggunaan briket arang dari limbah sawit ini, perlu dilakukan dua penelitian lanjutan, yaitu tentang persentase abu terbang dan uji ekonomis.  
Kaji Eksperimental Efektifitas Penyerapan Limbah Cair Industri Batik Taman Sari Yogyakarta Menggunakan Arang Aktif Mesh 80 dari Limbah Gergaji Kayu Jati Sudarja , Novi Caroko
Semesta Teknika Vol 15, No 1 (2012): MEI 2012
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v15i1.443

Abstract

Utilization of teak wood saw scratches can be optimized by processing it becomes active charcoal which possesses higher economic value. The purpose of this study is to obtain mesh 80 activated charcoal made from teak sawing industrial waste and to determine it’s effectiveness in adsorbing heavy metals pollutant Cd, Pb, Cr, and colouring agent in liquid waste of batik industries. The charcoal is produced at ~5000 oC retort either for 4 hours or until white colour smoke does not appear. Charcoal was activated using H2SO4 at temperature of 5000 oC for 30 minutes in a furnace. There were 2 variables in this study, i.e weight of the activated charcoal (10, 15, 20 grams) and duration of the stirring (5, 10,15 minutes). Result of the research shows that activated charcoal made from teak wood saw scratches can be used as adsorbent in the liquid waste of batik industries such as heavy metals Cd, Pb, Cr, and dark colour. The colour gradation was found to decrease from 12600 TCU to 198 TCU, Pb content decrease from 0,189 mg/l to less than 0,0093 mg/L, Cd content decrease from 0,213 mg/l to less than  0,0093 mg/L, while Cr content decrease from 2,03 mg/l to 0,4205 mg/l.
Pengaruh Grain Size Arang Aktif dari Bahan Limbah Industri Sagu Aren terhadap Penyerapan Polutan Limbah Batik Sudarja , Novi caroko , Kuncoro Diharjo
Semesta Teknika Vol 14, No 1 (2011): MEI 2011
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v14i1.589

Abstract

Sago palm industries leave large amount of wood waste that is about 30% of the volume of tree trunks, 20% in large size which can be used for the handcraft and about 10% in small-size which only wasted. On the other hand, batik industries produce hazardous and toxic waste (B3), that should be neutralized since this liquid waste are bad smell and  hard color, and even toxity  (contain various kinds of chemical elements and heavy metals such as Mercury (Hg), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Cadmium (Cd), and Copper (Cu)) and if the elements are absorbed by human body exceeds the threshold point, it would be dangerous. Therefore, experiment on activated carbon engineering and its use in adsorbing the B3 batik liquid waste is urgently required.  The main objective of the experiment is to know the adsorbsion effectivity of activated carbon in adsorbing the batik liquid waste. The main material used in producing activated carbon is waste palm tree trunks. The main material is heated to be charcoal in retort for about 5 hours, temperature around 500 º C. Furthermore, charcoal is crushed finely and screened in sizes of mesh 25, 35 and 50. Carbon powder then chemically activated using H2SO4 solution by heating in 500 ˚C for about 30 menutes. Finally this activated carbon used for adsorbing the hard colour and heavy metal (Pb, Cr, Cd) in the batik waste water. This research concluded that the sago aren industrial waste may be an alternative material for activated carbon which is effective in adsorbing the hard colour and hazardous heavy metal. Higher mesh size (grain size) of activated carbon give higher adsorbsion in colour and heavy metal. Activated carbon in mesh 25 adsorbed  68.59% Cd, 16.65% Cr, and 100% Pb, mesh 35 adsorb  76.25% Cd, 37.55% Cr and Pb at 100%, while mesh 50 adsorb 81.61% Cd, 58,33% Cr, and 100%  Pb.
Perilaku Antarmuka Berdasarkan Data Beda Tekanan pada Peristiwa Kondensasi Aliran Uap Dengan Pendinginan dari Luar Searah pada Pipa Horisontal Berbasis Domain Waktu Sukamta Sukamta; Hasan Asy Ari Dwiearto; Sudarja Sudarja
Semesta Teknika Vol 21, No 1 (2018): MEI 2018
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.211214

Abstract

A two-phase flow pattern experiment on the condensation event of steam flow with external cooling based on the measurement of pressure difference within a horizontal pipe is carried out by varying the superficial velocity. Annulus pipes with inner pipe material made of copper and outer pipe made of galvanized iron (GIP) within an insulation of 10 mm thick were used in this experiment. The length of the pipe is 1.6 meters, outer diameter of 4 inch and inner diameter of 17 mm. The two-phase flow pattern was investigated based on differential pressure fluctuations between the inlet and outlet. To support the observation, flow pattern visualization was performed using a transparent pipe with a diameter of ¾ inch and a length of 1.3 meters connected to the test pipe section. The superficial vapor velocity was carried out from JG = 0.0689 m/s to JG = 1,9117 m/s. The results showed stratified flow patterns for the lowest superficial velocity and also obtained wavy, wavy-slug, and slug. Annular flow patterns can not be observed in this experiment. In general, increasing superficial velocity of steam will cause a significant increase in pressure fluctuations.
Analisis Rekayasa dan Karakterisasi Briket Bahan Bakar dari Limbah Serat Kenaf Sudarja Sudarja
Semesta Teknika Vol 12, No 1 (2009): MEI 2009
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v12i1.758

Abstract

The amount of rejected hibiscus cannabinus fiber reaches 30% during harvesting and 10% of the fiber bought by industries because they are not satisfied the quality requirement. In other words, 37% of the harvested hibiscus cannabinus fiber is rejected and become waste. On the other hand, the society need alternative fuel instead of fossil fuel due to its availability and high-price. Therefore, a study on the utilization of hibiscus cannabinus fiber waste for alternative fuel is urgently required. The main materials used in this research are hibiscus cannabinus fiber waste and starch glue. The first step is producing star-coal by burning the hibiscus cannabinus fiber in a closed tube (chamber) followed by producing starcoal briquette by blending starcoal powder and starch glue, and finally, pressing it in a pressing machine. The characteristic being studied are: water content (comply to ASTM-D-3173), calorific value (ASTM D-2015 and ASTM D-5865-03), and ash content (ASTM D-3174). The result of the research shows that the average calorific value of hibiscus cannabinus fiber waste is 6595,65 kal/gram while that of the briquette compacted  at 1090 psi or above was 7394,14 kal/gram. The average water content was 10,9%, and ash content is 31,67%. Advanced study concerning the percentage of fly ash and economic aspects was recommended in order to justify its feasibility.
Pembuatan Alat Uji untuk Mengikat Partikel Logam yang Terkandung dalam Pelumas Akibat Gesekan Mesin Sukamta Sukamta; Sudarja Sudarja; Nurdarojat Nurdarojat; Agung Prasetyo
Semesta Teknika Vol 17, No 2 (2014): NOVEMBER 2014
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v17i2.422

Abstract

One of the factors that can affect to the quality of lubricantion is metal particle content due to friction of engine parts.  Metal particle in lubricanting oil could damage the engine parts, so it is neccessary to reduce the metal particle content which mingled in lubricant oil. The experiment was conducted in laboratory scale using power magnetic type ring neodymium possessing diameter of 19 mm and thickness of 2 mm. The experiment was conducted by flowing the lubricanting oil containing metal particle continually and put the magnets in engine so that the metal particle will be taken up by the magnets. The experiment used  three variations of time (5, 10 and 15 minutes) and three variations of valve to controlling the flow rate using. The highest  absortion of metal  particle was reached on opening valve 30 for 15 minutes. When volume the flow rate was 200 ml/s and the time was 15 minutes  the result of absortion was 7.48 % (magnet A), meanwhile for volume the flow rate 180 ml/s and the time was 15 minutes resulted in particle absortion of about 7.37 % (magnet B). When Magnet A and B used together and at the same flow rate and time, i.e. 180 ml/s time 15 minutes, resulted the particle absortion about 17.98 %.
Analisis Unjuk Kerja Boiler Feed Pump Turbine Untuk Kapasitas Ketel Uap 2000 Ton/Jam Di PLTU Cirebon Jawa Barat Sukamta Sukamta; Sudarja Sudarja; Muhammad Mujaddid Ighna Wathon
Semesta Teknika Vol 18, No 1 (2015): MEI 2015
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v18i1.702

Abstract

Boiler feed pump turbine (BFPT) has an important role in the circulating of demin water from deaerator to the separator of  steam power plant operations (PLTU) in Cirebon. Flow rate, temperature and  pressure were important parameters in boiler feed pump process. Based on the BFPT function, it was necessary to do the analysis interpretation of the performance BFPT. Data needed for evaluation include pressure and temperature on the suction, pressure and temperature on the discharge, and flow capacity. In this study, the data were taken starting in January to December 2014. Data processing was performed using a centrifugal pump calculations, presented in tables and graphs using MS Excel. Analysis of data using qualitative interpretation of quantitative data. BFPT efficiency during operations in 2014 decreased in February - March amounted to 17.91% (BFPT A) and 18.04% (BFPT B). BFPT A highest efficiency obtained in January amounted to 73.76%, the lowest in March amounted to 55.45%. The highest efficiency BFPT B in February amounted to 72.94%, the lowest in March amounted to 54.9%. Change of Performance BFPT occur due to changes load generator power plant that led to the pressure change  and flow capacity. Other factors that degrade the performance because BFPT was operated continuously for 24 hours and the age of  BFPT sufficient old  cause decrease in pump performance.
Pengaruh Fraksi Udara Terhadap Koefisien Perpindahan Kalor Kondensasi Refrigeran Petrozon Rossy-22 Di Dalam Pipa Tegak Sudarja Sudarja; Purnomo Purnomo; Prajitno Prajitno
Semesta Teknika Vol 10, No 2 (2007): NOVEMBER 2007
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/st.v10i2.840

Abstract

Petrozon Rossy-22 is one of hydrocarbon refrigerants which environmentally safe, since there is no effect on either ozone depletion or global warming. In the refrigeration cycle, imperfect vacuuming process or other factors that permit circulation of air taken place in the system predicted influencing heat transfer rate in condenser. Therefore, research on the influence of air fraction against condensation heat transfer coefficient of Petrozon Rossy-22 inside vertical pipe to be done. A modified refrigeration system of vapor compression was applied in this research, where the condensation was done in the 2 meters straight vertical condenser (double pipe heat exchanger, that further called as test section). The diameter of internal and external pipe were ¾” and 1 ¼” respectively. Electric heater was installed on upstream of the test section. Mixture of air- refrigerant was flowed downward inside internal pipe, while cooling water was flowed upward through annulus. The varied parameters were: air fraction, air-refrigerant and cooling water flow rate. The result of the research indicated that condensation heat transfer coefficient significantly decreased when air fraction increased. The proposed empiric equation is :       Nu = 0.0138. (1-w)8.8198. Re0.7941. Pr4.7315with determination coefficient of 0.6927 and average absolute deviation of 17.65 %. The equation was for Re= 6.922-12.953, Pr= 2,008-2,696, and w= (0,25-1)%.
THE INVESTIGATION OF VOID FRACTION OF TWO-PHASE FLOW AIR-WATER AND GLYCERINE (0-30%) IN THE CAPILLARY PIPE WITH SLOPE OF 50 TO HORIZONTAL POSITION S Sukamta; Aldi Rahadian Ilham; S Sudarja
Media Mesin: Majalah Teknik Mesin Vol 20, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Program Studi Teknik Mesin, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23917/mesin.v20i1.7385

Abstract

Two-phase flow is a flow that is composed of two combined substances, i.e., liquid and gas. Two-phase flow phenomena can be a lot encountered in nature, for example, exhaust gas smoke, fog, rain, cloud, snow, and so forth. Moreover, in the practice of company or industry environment, the flow of the two phases can be encountered on the equipment in the form of heat exchangers, boilers, nuclear reactors, piping systems, geothermal, natural gas liquefaction, and others. Data collection in this research was carried out in 4 stages (from working fluid), namely: air-water, air-water+0% glycerin, air-water+10% glycerin, air-water+20% glycerin, and air-water+30% glycerin. The research aims to determine the void fraction by using the method of digital image processing with the software MATLAB R2014a. Based on the research results, it was obtained that when superficial gas velocity high then, the value of the void fraction obtained will increase, otherwise the higher speed of the superficial liquid then, the value of void fraction that is retrieved will decrease. The viscosity of the fluid very influenced the flow pattern bubbly and plug. It is because the higher the viscosity of fluid flow pattern speed then, the bubbly and the plug will increasingly decline, instead of getting down viscosity makes bubbly flow pattern speed, and the plug will progressively increase. The length of the bubbly and plug pattern is affected by the increasing value of homogeneous (β). As a consequence, the length of the pattern increases. In the frequency when the bubbly and plug occurred, it was obtained a high enough rate that led to the value of the void fraction generated considerable increases.Keyword: two-phase, fluid, void fraction, viscosity, flow pattern.
Unjuk Kerja Mesin Diesel Berbahan Bakar Campuran Biodiesel Jarak dan Biodiesel Jelantah Wahyudi Wahyudi; Sarip Sarip; Sudarja Sudarja; Haris Suhatno
JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) Vol 3, No 1 (2019): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18196/jmpm.3135

Abstract

AbstrakCadangan bahan bakar fosil yang bersifat tidak dapat diperbarui semakin menipis. Pengembangan energi terbarukan perlu dilakukan untuk mengurangi ketergantungan terhadap bahan bakar fosil, diantaranya dengan pemanfaatan minyak nabati menjadi biodisel. Pada penelitian ini digunakan bahan baku biodisel campuran minyak jarak dan biodisel minyak jelantah yang dikombinasikan dengan minyak solar. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kinerja dari mesin disel dengan menggunakan bahan bakar solar 100% dan campuran biodisel jarak – jelantah dan solar dengan variasi 5% biodisel – 95% solar (B5), 10% biodisel – 90% solar (B10) dan 15% biodisel – 85% solar (B15). Penelitian dimulai dengan melakukan pengujian sifat fisis bahan bakar meliputi viskositas, densitas, flashpoint, nilai kalor. Selanjutnya dilakukan uji unjuk kerja mesin disel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa daya yang dihasilkan dari bahan bakar B5, B10, B15 masih lebih rendah daripada bahan bakar solar murni. Laju konsumsi bahan bakar pada biodisel B5, B10, dan B15 lebih rendah dibanding bahan bakar solar murni. AbstractReserves of non-renewable fossil fuels are diminishing. Renewable energy development needs to be done to reduce dependence on fossil fuels, including the utilization of vegetable oil into biodiesel. This research used a mixture of jatropha and waste cooking oil biodiesel combined with diesel oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the performance of diesel engines using 100% diesel fuel and biodiesel with a variation of 5% biodiesel - 95% diesel (B5), 10% biodiesel - 90% diesel (B10) and 15% biodiesel - 85% diesel (B15). The study has begun by testing the physical properties of the fuel, including viscosity, density, flashpoint, heating value. Then the diesel engine performance test was carried out. The results showed that the power produced from B5, B10, B15 fuels was lower than pure diesel fuel. The fuel consumption rate of B5, B10, and B15 biodiesel is lower than pure diesel fuel.
Co-Authors Agung Prasetyo Aldi Rahadian Ilham Ari Dwiearto, Hasan Asy Cahya Tresna Pradana Haris Suhatno Hasan Asy Ari Dwiearto J Pramana Gentur Sutapa J Pramana Gentur Sutapa, J Pramana Gentur Jayadi, Farid Kamiel, Berli Paripurna Komolosari, Eli Kuncoro Diharjo Kuncoro Diharjo Metra Prayogi Rianda Mochamad Syamsiro Muhammad Mujaddid Ighna Wathon Nurcahyadi, Teddy Nurdarojat Nurdarojat Nurdarojat, Nurdarojat Nurrahman, Budi Prajitno Prajitno Prajitno Prajitno Prasetyo, Agung Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Purnomo Raden Mohamad Herdian Bhakti S Sukamta Sarip Sarip Sarip, Sarip Suhatno, Haris Sukamta Sukamta Sukamta Sukamta Sukamta Sukamta Sukamta Sukamta Sukamta, Sukamta Wahyu Widodo Wahyudi Wahyudi Wahyudi, Wahyudi Wathon, Muhammad Mujaddid Ighna