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All Journal VALENSI Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan AL KAUNIYAH JURNAL ISTEK Elkawnie Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Jurnal Riset Sains dan Kimia Terapan al Kimiya : Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas
Meyliana Wulandari
Faculty Of Mathematics And Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Jakarta
Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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TEKNIK IMOBILISASI ADSORPSI DAN ENTRAPMENT FILM NATA DE COCO-BENEDICT UNTUK DETEKSI KADAR GULA DALAM URIN Meyliana Wulandari
JURNAL ISTEK Vol 5, No 1-2 (2011): ISTEK
Publisher : JURNAL ISTEK

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Person with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) usually have high level of sugar in his blood. He also has trouble on glucose transportation in his kidneys, so his urine has high glucose concentration. It was synthesized of chemical sensor based on Benedict to measure glucose level. Cellulose from nata de coco is used as supporting material for Benedict immobilization. The characteristics of sensor are determined through sensor leaching, linear range, limit of detection, reproducibility, and sensitivity by reflectance spectrophotometry. The parameter which needs to be optimal at adsorption method is Benedict concentration and the time of dipping. While at entrapment method optimation is rasio of cellulose mass: Benedict volume and Benedict concentration. The optimal result of maximum wavelength of Benedict cellulose sensor with both methods is 541.57 nm. Optimum condition of dipping time is 40 minutes. Rasio of cellulose: with Benedict volume optimum at 1: 3, with optimal concentration of Benedict is 0.2682 M at adsorption method and 0.4470 M at entrapment method. The amounts of leaching at entrapment method is smaller than amounts at adsorption method. Sensor characteristics with adsorption method are better than with entrapment method. The result of glucose level measurement at urine which uses adsorption method and entrapment sensor has small differences with level of glucose data which uses Nelson-Somogyi standard method. So, adsorption is method of Benedict cellulose sensor which is more accurate for determining glucose level in urine.
Tea Waste Products: A New Low-Cost and Green Adsorbent Alternative for Rhodamine-B Dye Removal Meyliana Wulandari; Nofrizal Syamsudin; Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 22, No 6 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.75739

Abstract

Tea waste products were thrown out without any intention to utilize their potential benefits. This waste will help to improve industries to absorb rhodamine-B (RhB) dye pollutants currently used by various industries. This study evaluated the application of tea waste products to remove Rh-B from aqueous systems by investigating adsorption kinetics in a batch process. The ability and mechanism of Indonesian black and green tea in RhB adsorption were determined by optimizing temperature, pH, contact time, and concentration of dye solution. Achievement of equilibrium attained at 40 min for black tea (BT) and green tea (GT). Subsequently, the adsorption capacity reached optimum at 80 and 70 °C for GT, and the maximum adsorption capacities for BT and GT were 22 and 47 mg/g, respectively, at pH 2.5. The absorption of RhB in both bio-sorbents was an exothermic process that well fit the Langmuir model and a pseudo-second-order reaction. The presented R2 values from the Langmuir isotherm are 0.9967 (BT) and 0.9979 (GT). The separation factor was determined as 0.026 (BT) and 0.055 (GT). Thermodynamic studies were carried out to calculate free energy, enthalpy, and entropy changes. The result showed that the removal study of BT and GT is 59.06 and 60.25%, respectively, using 10% acetic acid. Study comparisons were carried out on both teas with other bio-sorbents for more improvement. These results show that tea waste products can be used as alternative adsorbents to absorb RhB from wastewater.
Isolation and Characterization of Cellulolytic Bacteria During Natural Fermentation of Sweet Orange Peel Waste (Citrus sinensis) La Ode Sumarlin; Farida Ariyanti; Megga Ratnasari Pikoli; Anna Muawanah; Meyliana Wulandari
Al-Kauniyah: Jurnal Biologi Vol 15, No 2 (2022): AL-KAUNIYAH JURNAL BIOLOGI
Publisher : Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Syarif Hidayatullah State Islami

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/kauniyah.v15i2.23357

Abstract

Abstract Orange peel is one of organic waste which contains fibers, such as cellulose and hemicellulose utilized by cellulolytic microorganisms as growth media in the fermentation process. Cellulolytic microorganisms are widely used in many industries. This research will observe the profile of bacterial colonies, particularly cellulosic bacteria, during the fermentation of orange peels (Citrus sinensis). Fermentation was carried out during the research process; the bacteria were further isolated in Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) media. The fermentation process was performed for 14 weeks where sampling on the first week was done every day for five days (H0–H4), while sampling from the 2nd to 14th weeks were conducted once a week (M2–M14). The isolation process was carried out in a Nutrient Agar medium with spreading method by calculating the Total Plate Count (TPC) of bacterial colonies and observing the macroscopic morphology of bacterial colonies. Bacterial counts are expressed in Colony Forming Units (CFU)/mL or viable count/mL. The identification of bacterial genus was based on the Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Bacterial isolation from the fermentation of sweet orange peel resulted in 20 isolates where 16 isolates were found to be cellulolytic bacteria through qualitative test in Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) agar plate. The hypothetic genus of 16 bacterial isolates were Eubacterium, Cellulomonas, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azomonas, Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, and Jonesia. Isolate F15 (Cytophaga and Azomonas) was found to dominate the growth, while other isolates grew alternately with lesser frequency. Hypothetic genus of bacteria actively involved in the process were cellulolytic bacteria, allowing the liquid of fermentation products to be possibly used in the application.AbstrakKulit jeruk merupakan salah satu limbah organik yang mengandung serat seperti selulosa dan hemiselulosa yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh mikroorganisme selulolitik sebagai media pertumbuhan dalam proses fermentasi. Mikroorganisme selulolitik telah digunakan di banyak industri. Penelitian ini mengamati profil koloni bakteri selama proses fermentasi kulit jeruk terutama bakteri selulotik. Selama proses penelitian dilakukan proses fermentasi, lalu bakteri diisolasi menggunakan media Carboxyl Methyl Callulose (CMC). Proses fermentasi dilakukan selama 14 minggu dengan rincian sampling pada Minggu ke-1 dilakukan setiap hari selama 5 hari (H0–H4), sedangkan minggu ke-2 hingga 14 dilakukan setiap seminggu sekali (M2–M14). Proses isolasi dilakukan dalam medium Nutrient Agar dengan teknik sebar dengan perhitungan koloni Total Plate Count (TPC) dan pengamatan morfologi koloni bakteri secara makroskopis. Hasil perhitungan bakteri dinyatakan dalam Colony Forming Units (CFU)/mL atau viabel count/mL. Pendugaan genus bakteri berdasarkan Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology. Hasil isolasi bakteri dari fermentasi kulit jeruk manis adalah 20 isolat yang 16 di antaranya merupakan bakteri selulolitik melalui uji kualitatif pada media plat Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC). Genus hipotetik bakteri dari 16 isolat adalah Eubacterium, Cellulomonas, Microbacterium, Micrococcus, Planococcus, Pseudomonas, Azotobacter, Azomonas, Flavobacterium, Cytophaga, dan Jonesia. Isolat F15 (Cytophaga dan Azomonas) mendominasi pertumbuhan, sedangkan isolat lain tumbuh berselang seling dengan frekuensi yang lebih kecil. Genus bakteri hipotetik yang terlibat aktif adalah bakteri selulolitik sehingga cairan hasil fermentasi dapat digunakan dalam aplikasi.
The Total Phenolic, Total Flavonoid, and Brown Pigment in Honey Before and After Heating Achmad Tjachja Nugraha; La Ode Sumarlin; Anna Muawanah; Nurul Amilia; Meyliana Wulandari
Elkawnie: Journal of Islamic Science and Technology Vol 8, No 1 (2022)
Publisher : Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v8i1.12757

Abstract

Abstract: Honey has unique components, a characteristic that makes it a valuable food for consumers. It is known that UV radiation and heating impact the quality of honey's bioactive compounds, including total phenolic, total flavonoid, and brown pigment contents. The absorbance of brown pigment at a wavelength of 420 nm, total phenolic at a wavelength of 733 nm, and total flavonoid at a wavelength of 430 nm was measured using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The method used in the total phenolic test was the Folin-Ciocalteu method with gallic acid standard (mgGAE/g sample). In contrast, for flavonoids, the method used was the colorimetric method with quercetin standard (mg QE/g sample). The qualitative test results showed that all honey samples contained phenolic and flavonoid compounds. Total phenolic and flavonoid levels showed a decrease in several samples, including TR SLT (Trigona Southeast Sulawesi), TRG BGR (Trigona Bogor), and TR SLS (Trigona Genotrigona Indica South Sulawesi) in the range of 11.8–57.6%. However, most of the total phenolic and flavonoid levels increased after the heating process, i.e., in the samples of AP LMB (apis North Lombok) (25.3% and 88.8%), AP MG (apis mango) (73.1% and 114%), AP MAC (Aceh honey, Buloh Seuma) (8.8% and 199%), TR BIR (Trigona tetroginola biroi South Sulawesi) (58.8% and 146%), and TR LMB (Trigona North Lombok) (44.3% and 84.9%). In contrast, for the formation of brown pigment, there was an increase in all honey samples between 32 and 1.428%. The presence of brown pigment at the end of the heating process of honey samples is thought to have the same role as phenolic compounds and flavonoids, which change the heating process, especially in antioxidant activities and other bioactivities. However, further analysis is needed to prove the conjecture.Abstrak: Madu memiliki komponen yang unik, yang membuatnya menjadi makanan yang berharga bagi konsumen.  Telah diketahui bahwa radiasi UV dan pemanasan berdampak pada kualitas senyawa bioaktif madu, di antaranya kandungan total fenolik, total flavonoid, dan pigmen coklat. Pengukuran absorbansi pigmen coklat pada panjang gelombang 420 nm, pengukuran total fenolik pada panjang gelombang 733 nm dan total flavonoid pada panjang gelombang 430 nm dilakukan menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Metode yang digunakan untuk uji total fenolik adalah metode Folin-Ciocalteu dengan standar asam Galat (mgGAE/g sampel), uji flavonoid menggunakan metode Kolorimetri dengan standar kuersetin (mg QE/g sampel).  Hasil uji kualitatif menunjukan bahwa semua sampel madu terdapat senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid. Kadar total fenolik dan flavonoid menunjukkan penurunan pada beberapa sampel, di antaranya TR SLT (Trigona Sulawesi Tenggara, TRG BGR (Trigona Bogor), TR SLS (Trigona Genotrigona Insica Sulawesi Selatan) pada kisaran 11,8 – 57,6%.  Namun, sebagian besar kadar total fenolik dan kadar flavonoid mengalami kenaikan setelah proses pemanasan, yaitu pada sampel AP LMB (apis Lombok Utara) (25,3% dan 88,8%), AP MG (apis mangga) (73,1% dan 114%), AP MAC (madu Aceh, Buloh Seuma) (8,8% dan 199%), TR BIR (Trigona Tetroginola biroi sulawesi selatan) (58,8% dan 146%), TR LMB (Trigona North Lombok) (44,3% dan 84,9), sedangkan untuk pembentukan pigmen coklat, terjadi peningkatan pada semua sampel madu di antara 32 – 1.428%. Keberadaan pigmen coklat pada akhir proses pemanasan, diduga memiliki peran yang sama dengan senyawa fenolik dan flavonoid yang mengalami perubahan selama proses pemanasan, terutama pada aktivitas antioksidan dan bioaktivitas lainnya.  Namun diperlukan analisis lebih lanjut untuk membuktikan dugaan tersebut.
Black Tea Waste as Corrosion Inhibitor for Carbon Steel in 0.5 M HCl Medium Meyliana Wulandari; Zahratussaadah Zahratussaadah; Nofrizal Nofrizal; Pandian Bothi Radja; Andreas Andreas
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 23, No 6 (2023)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.84891

Abstract

Indonesian black tea (BT) waste was utilized as a green corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel (CS) corrosion in a 0.5 M HCl medium. The BT extract was characterized using Fourier transform infra-red. The corrosion inhibition evaluation was studied using conventional weight loss methods, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Further, scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray was applied to analyze the surface morphology of pure CS before and after contact with the inhibitor extract. After the addition of inhibitors, CS surface showed a better morphological transformation. The effect of oxygen contamination has also been studied in this research. The corrosion measurements of weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and EIS showed that the %IE BT extract was 84.70; 70.00; 72.80% at 0.20 g/L of inhibitor concentration. Adsorption isotherm studies have determined the reaction mechanism between the CS and inhibitor; in which the adsorption follows Langmuir. Gibbs free energy for the three methods is −16.62; −25.34; −24.35 kJ/mol, indicating electrostatic interaction (physisorption) between the metal surface and inhibitor. SEM and focus ion beam show that oxygen contamination can increase the corrosion rate resulting in CS damage. It shows that tea waste products can be used as an alternative corrosion inhibitor. 
Kadar Logam Merkuri (Hg) dan Batas Aman Konsumsi Kerang Hijau (Perna viridis L.) di Kalibaru Timur dan Muara Kamal La Ode Sumarlin; Alfionita Octa Nur Zidni; Nurhasni Nurhasni; Hendrawati Hendrawati; Meyliana Wulandari
Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan Vol 22, No 1 (2024): January 2024
Publisher : School of Postgraduate Studies, Diponegoro Univer

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14710/jil.22.1.264-269

Abstract

Kerang merupakan golongan Mollusca yaitu hewan lunak tidak memiliki organ hati untuk menghancurkan benda asing di dalam tubuhnya, sehingga kerang hijau bersifat filter feeder atau penyaring. Kerang hijau yang berasal dari perairan Jakarta diketahui sudah tercemar oleh logam merkuri. Merkuri pada kerang hijau merupakan salah satu logam berat yang berbahaya apabila dikonsumsi oleh manusia lebih dari 1,0 mg/kg berat badan. Oleh karena itu perlu diketahui kadar logam merkuri dan nilai batas aman konsumsi pada kerang hijau. Kerang hijau yang diambil dari Kalibaru Timur dan Muara Kamal diuji dengan metode sesuai SNI 2354.6:2016 menggunakan Spektrofotometri Serapan Atom Uap Dingin (SSA-UD). Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa kerang hijau dari kedua lokasi memiliki nilai Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) < 1 sehingga tidak berpotensi terhadap risiko kesehatan individu yang mengonsumsi. Kadar merkuri kerang hijau yang berasal dari Kalibaru Timur memiliki rata-rata sebesar 0,0583 mg/kg dan dari Muara Kamal memiliki rata-rata sebesar 0,2994 mg/kg. Nilai Maximum Tolarable Intake (MTI) kerang hijau dari Kalibaru Timur untuk individu dengan berat badan 15 kg sebesar 1,0291 kg per minggu dan dari Muara Kamal sebesar 0,2004 kg per minggu. Nilai MTI kerang hijau dari Kalibaru Timur untuk individu dengan berat badan 60 kg sebesar 4,1166 kg per minggu dan dari Muara Kamal sebesar 0,8016 kg per minggu.
Studi of In Vivo Antidiabetic Activity of Namnam Leaves (Cynometra cauliflora) Extract in Sprague Dawley Rat La Ode Sumarlin; Agik Suprayogi; Min Rahminiwati; Aryani Satyaningtijas; Hajar Hajar; Meyliana Wulandari
al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Vol 10, No 1 (2023): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ak.v10i1.23406

Abstract

Various treatments for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) aim to alleviate hyperglycemia. Although natural products have been extensively utilized, their mechanism of action and efficacy as antidiabetic agents, particularly for T2DM, has not been extensively assessed in vivo. In this research, the leaves of the Namnam (Cynometra cauliflora) were extracted and tested for their activity as an antidiabetic agent. Sprague Dawley rats aged 3.5-4 months, weighing 200-250 g, were used as the experimental model, with a total of 30 individuals. The rats were induced with a high-fat diet and 30% sucrose until their blood glucose concentration reached ≥ 120 mg/dL. Subsequently, the rats were divided into four groups (groups 1, 2, 3, and 4). Over 21 days, changes in blood glucose, triacylglycerol, glycogen, and blood plasma insulin levels were assessed. The results demonstrated that the methanol extract of Namnam leaves (NLME) effectively reduced blood glucose levels by 23-34%, decreased plasma triglyceride levels by 13-30%, and increased liver glycogen levels by 68-96% compared to the control group (Diabetes). Among all the parameters assessed, NLME exhibited similar performance to metformin, a commonly prescribed diabetes medication (p<0.05). Furthermore, the study revealed that NLME exerted antidiabetic effects, particularly for T2DM, by promoting liver glycogen formation, enhancing insulin secretion control, facilitating glucose absorption by muscles, and restricting fat metabolism in the blood
Sintesis Cu(II)-Imprinted Polymers untuk Ekstraksi Fasa Padat dan Prakonsentrasi Ion Cu(II) dengan Ligan Pengkhelat 4-(2-Pyridylazo)resorcinol Lingga Rizal Harera; Tety Sudiarti; Meyliana Wulandari
al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan Vol 2, No 1 (2015): al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15575/ak.v2i1.350

Abstract

ABSTRAKKontaminasi logam berat pada lingkungan perairan merupakan masalah besar dunia saat ini. Logam berat tidak dapat diurai atau dimusnahkan dan merupakan zat pencemar kimiawi. Cu(II) adalah logam berat yang bersifat racun jika masuk kedalam tubuh. Metode analisis Cu(II) sudah banyak dikembangkan salah satunya dengan teknik injeksi alir. Metode analisis ini memiliki waktu analisis yang singkat namun menggunakan pelarut yang mahal, faktor prakonsentrasi yang rendah, dan memiliki selektivitas yang rendah pula untuk ion Cu(II). Oleh karena itu, untuk meningkatkan selektivitas dilakukan pengembangan metode ekstraksi fasa padat menggunakan polimer pengkelat yaitu Ion Imprinted polymer (IIPs). Pada penelitian ini, Cu-IP berhasil disintesis melalui polimerisasi thermal menggunakan asam salisilat dan formaldehida dengan ligan pengkelat 4-(2-pyridylazo)recorcinol dengan pemanasan selama 10 jam pada temperatur 500C , menggunakan HCl sebagai katalis. Perbandingan stoikiometri kompleks biner Cu(II):PAR dibuat dengan perbandingan mol 1:1 yang dihitung dengan metode job. Kapasitas adsorpsi maksimum teramati pada konsentrasi 10 ppm dengan pH 6 dan waktu kontak 80 menit. IIP digunakan untuk prakonsentrasi adsorpsi dan desorpsi dengan persen perolehan kembali sebesar 97,09 % untuk IIP dan 53,11 % untuk NIP. Faktor prakonsentrasi yang diperoleh pada sampel lingkungan sebesar 1,85. Dengan hasil percobaan tersebut Cu-IP terbukti sebagai polymer fungsional dengan selektivitas dan regenerasi tinggi.
In Silico Analysis of Tea Leaf Compounds Targeting Inflammatory Pathways and Acne-Related Genes Sumarlin, La Ode; Nurbaya, Siti; Wulandari, Meyliana; Sulaiman, Syed Azhar Syed
Jurnal Kimia Valensi Jurnal Kimia VALENSI, Volume 11, No. 2, November 2025
Publisher : Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta State Islamic University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/jkv.v11i2.46468

Abstract

Acne (Acne vulgaris) is a chronic skin disease affected by Cutibacterium acnes infection and inflammatory pathways that trigger innate immune responses, such as inflammasome activation. The expression of inflammation-related genes plays a critical role in acne pathogenesis and immune modulation. This study aims to identify compounds from tea leaves (Camellia sinensis var. assamica) that can treat acne by influencing the expression of inflammatory-related genes through in silico analysis. The GSE6475 dataset was utilized to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between acne-affected and normal skin samples (each group n=6). A total of 573 DEGs were identified and mapped to the KEGG inflammatory pathway. The hub gene analysis results showed six genes, including CXCL1, STAT1, and PIK3 (adj. P-value < 0.05). These key genes were then used to cross-validate skin grouping with acne lesions and normal skin. The structure of compounds (natural products) in tea leaves (C. sinensis var. assamica) was obtained from the PubChem database, and their activity against target proteins associated with the identified key genes was predicted using the SkelSpheres descriptor and Support Vector Regression method. This quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR)-based machine learning approach was selected because it enables high-throughput prediction of inhibitory potential using chemical descriptors and experimentally derived bioactivity data, providing broader predictive power than conventional molecular docking or molecular dynamics, which rely mainly on structural and energetic estimations. The in-silico prediction results showed that compounds such as theobromine, assamsaponin, procyanidin, and caffeine have exhibited good predicted activity (IC₅₀ ranging from 1.125 to 1.320 μM) as potential inhibitors of the PI3K/Akt pathway, which is known to play a role in the pathogenesis of acne. 
The Performance of Sulfamic, Acetic, and Citric Acid as An Alternative Carbonate Scale Dissolution at Laboratory Scale Meyliana Wulandari; Verawati Verawati; Isalmi Aziz; Nofrizal Nofrizal; Rachmi Kartini; Pandian Bothi Raja
Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas Vol 48 No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Testing Center for Oil and Gas LEMIGAS

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29017/scog.v48i2.1770

Abstract

Calcium carbonate scale is being considered one of the challenges being faced by the oil and gas industry, as it is disrupting production activities. Acidification using hydrochloric acid is being widely applied as a scale remover; however, this reagent is being recognized as highly corrosive. Hence, this study is aiming to investigate the effect of combining sulfamic acid, citric acid, and acetic acid in ratios of 9:3:3, 6:6:3, and 3:9:3 at temperatures of 35°, 45°, and 50 °C on an environmentally friendly scale dissolution.The percentage of scale dissolution from the three acids is being compared with 5, 10, and 15% hydrochloric acid at temperatures of 35°, 45°, and 50°C using the gravimetric method. The results of the study on a laboratory scale are showing that the largest percentage scale solubility is being obtained with a ratio of sulfamic acid: citric acid: acetic acid of 9:3:3 of 65.79% at a temperature of 50°C. When compared with 5% HCl at 50°C as a control, scale dissolution is reaching 63.49%.This result is being supported by scanning electron microscope data, which are showing that the surface of the scale on the pipe after treatment with three acid combinations is having a smoother surface morphology compared to using commercial scale removal (HCl). The use of three acid combinations in this study is serving as an alternative to commercial-scale removal.
Co-Authors Achmad Tjachja Nugraha Agik Suprayogi Alfionita Octa Nur Zidni Andreas Andreas Anna Muawanah Aryani Satyaningtijas Farida Ariyanti Hajar Hajar Hendrawati Hendrawati Isalmi Aziz La Ode Sumarlin La Ode Sumarlin Lingga Rizal Harera Megga Ratnasari Pikoli Nafisa Ulfa, Shofi Nofrizal Nofrizal Nofrizal Nofrizal Nofrizal Syamsudin Nurhasni, N. Nurul Amilia Pandian Bothi Radja Pandian Bothi Raja Rachmi Kartini Rahminiwati, Min Santikasari, Citra Siregar, Mirawati Siti Nurbaya Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman Syed Azhar Syed Sulaiman, Syed Azhar Syed Tety Sudiarti Verawati Verawati Zahratussaadah Zahratussaadah