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Journal : tazkiya journal of psychology

The Impact of Paternal and Maternal Parenting Styles on Alexithymia Moormann, Peter Paul; Bermond, Bob; de Groot, Manon; Syahid, Achmad; Lagoudaki, Kalliopi
Tazkiya Journal of Psychology Vol 12, No 2 (2024): TAZKIYA Journal of Psychology
Publisher : Fakultas Psikologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/tazkiya.v12i2.37331

Abstract

Rogers stressed the impact of Conditional Regard (CR) towards the child in the development of neurotic anxiety. Miller noted that disorders in affect regulation relate to family atmospheres where the child is not allowed to express negative emotions. However, studies on the impact of paternal and maternal parenting styles lacking emotional warmth (EW) on the development of alexithymia in adulthood remain scarce. Therefore, The Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ) and the Leiden Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (LPCIQ-R) were administered to 152 male and female bachelor psychology students from 18 to 60 years of age at Leiden University. The results demonstrate that: 1) Both paternal and maternal parenting styles lacking EW induced significantly higher Alexithymia Total scores; 2) Fathers lacking EW induced significantly higher scores on Cognitive Alexithymia, while mothers lacking EW induced significantly higher scores on Affective Alexithymia; 3) Both CR fathers and CR mothers induced difficulties with Identifying emotions; 4) CR fathers induced difficulties with Verbalizing emotions, while 5) Indifferent mothers induced difficulties with Emotionalizing. The results above not only support Rogers’ view on the devastating affect of CR on emotion regulation, but empasize the different impact of paternal and maternal roles on the development of alexithymia features as well. In the past mothers were seen as the primary caretakers and consequently mothers were blamed for the child’s mental health problems. However, our results show that Cognitive Alexithymia, known for its association with mental illness is induced by fathers lacking EW. In contrast Affective alexithymia, associated with on the one hand stress resistance, and on the other hand lack of empathy and creativity, turned out to be induced by mothers lacking EW. Hence, with the growing active role of fathers in child rearing it is unfair to blame mothers for the child’s mental problems without prior investigations of parenting styles lacking EW.
The Impact of Paternal and Maternal Parenting Styles on Alexithymia Moormann, Peter Paul; Bermond, Bob; de Groot, Manon; Syahid, Achmad; Lagoudaki, Kalliopi
TAZKIYA Journal of Psychology Vol. 12 No. 2 (2024): TAZKIYA Journal of Psychology
Publisher : Fakultas Psikologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/tazkiya.v12i2.37331

Abstract

Rogers stressed the impact of Conditional Regard (CR) towards the child in the development of neurotic anxiety. Miller noted that disorders in affect regulation relate to family atmospheres where the child is not allowed to express negative emotions. However, studies on the impact of paternal and maternal parenting styles lacking emotional warmth (EW) on the development of alexithymia in adulthood remain scarce. Therefore, The Bermond-Vorst Alexithymia Questionnaire (BVAQ) and the Leiden Parent-Child Interaction Questionnaire (LPCIQ-R) were administered to 152 male and female bachelor psychology students from 18 to 60 years of age at Leiden University. The results demonstrate that: 1) Both paternal and maternal parenting styles lacking EW induced significantly higher Alexithymia Total scores; 2) Fathers lacking EW induced significantly higher scores on Cognitive Alexithymia, while mothers lacking EW induced significantly higher scores on Affective Alexithymia; 3) Both CR fathers and CR mothers induced difficulties with Identifying emotions; 4) CR fathers induced difficulties with Verbalizing emotions, while 5) Indifferent mothers induced difficulties with Emotionalizing. The results above not only support Rogers’ view on the devastating affect of CR on emotion regulation, but empasize the different impact of paternal and maternal roles on the development of alexithymia features as well. In the past mothers were seen as the primary caretakers and consequently mothers were blamed for the child’s mental health problems. However, our results show that Cognitive Alexithymia, known for its association with mental illness is induced by fathers lacking EW. In contrast Affective alexithymia, associated with on the one hand stress resistance, and on the other hand lack of empathy and creativity, turned out to be induced by mothers lacking EW. Hence, with the growing active role of fathers in child rearing it is unfair to blame mothers for the child’s mental problems without prior investigations of parenting styles lacking EW.
Development of a Psychological Measurement: Synectic Thinking Style Scale for Indonesian Students Syahid, Achmad; Arung Samudera; Irvan, Moh.; Rofiatul Hosna; Solicha
TAZKIYA Jounal of Psychology Vol. 14 No. 1 (2026): TAZKIYA Journal of Psychology
Publisher : Fakultas Psikologi UIN Syarif Hidayatullah Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/tazkiya.v14i1.50070

Abstract

Indonesia is a “space of imagination” rich in metaphorical and analogical traditions rich in symbols, allusions, and narratives, such as folktales, pantun, proverbs, wayang puppetry, and various forms of traditional Indonesian art. However, this space of imagination has not yet flowed into classrooms, thus stimulating students’ thinking styles. Furthermore, valid, reliable, and theory-based instruments are still very limited. Measuring synectic thinking styles that strive to create a creative, innovative, and globally competitive generation will only be policy rhetoric. This article aims to develop and validate a synectic thinking style measurement instrument designed to assess students’ engagement in metaphorical and creative thinking processes. This instrument is based on the synectic thinking style construct with two main theoretical dimensions by Gordon, making the strange familiar – which is understanding something unfamiliar through an existing knowledge framework – and making the familiar strange which is seeing something familiar from a new perspective. Data were collected online through a convenience sampling technique from 1,252 respondents, and after cleaning outliers, 607 responses were retained for analysis. Validity tests using Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) showed a stable factor structure and met the goodness of fit criteria. The Rasch Model analysis supported high reliability and fulfilled the assumptions of local independence. Although several items were found to have similar content or sound, and the need for refinement of the distribution of item difficulty levels, this instrument was deemed suitable for use as an initial measurement of synectic thinking style as a result of a particular learning model. Further research is recommended for the development of adaptive and cross-context versions