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All Journal Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences.
Putri Amalia
Universitas Malahayati
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health

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Functional Group Profiling of Gelatin-Based Transparent Capsule Shells Using FTIR-ATR Spectroscopy Saddam Husein; Rafi Andrean Permana; Putri Amalia; Candra Saka Nusantari
Sains Natural: Journal of Biology and Chemistry Vol. 16 No. 2 (2026): Sains Natural
Publisher : Universitas Nusa Bangsa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31938/jsn.v16i2.976

Abstract

Transparent capsule shells are widely used as oral dosage forms; however, information regarding the source of gelatin is often unclear, potentially affecting product quality, safety, and halal status. This study aimed to profile ten samples of transparent capsule shells obtained from online stores using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy-Attenuated Total Reflectance (FTIR-ATR) and to compare their spectral characteristics with bovine, porcine, and fish gelatin standards. This laboratory experimental study employed FTIR-ATR analysis within the wavelength range of 4500-650 cm⁻¹. The results demonstrated that all capsule samples exhibited characteristic gelatin absorption bands in the Amide A, Amide I, Amide II, and Amide III regions. Based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and comparison with gelatin standards, 9 out of 10 samples (90%) showed spectral similarity to porcine gelatin, while 1 sample (10%) showed similarity to fish gelatin. No samples demonstrated dominant similarity to bovine gelatin. Sample K2 was classified as being closer to fish gelatin, whereas samples K1, K3, K4, K5, K6, K7, K8, K9, and K10 were classified as being closer to porcine gelatin. These findings indicate that FTIR-ATR is effective for profiling the chemical characteristics of transparent capsule shells and can be utilized as an analytical tool for identifying gelatin sources, thereby supporting quality control and consumer safety
Sitotoksisitas Ekstrak Daun Kopi Robusta (Coffea canephora) terhadap Sel Vero Mastuti Widianingsih; M. Rofi Putra Bani; Putri Amalia
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 3 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i3.1624

Abstract

Robusta coffee leaves (Coffea canephora) contain various bioactive compounds that may serve as natural antioxidants and potential phytopharmaceutical agents. The objective of this research to evaluate the antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity of the ethanol extract of robusta coffee leaves and to determine the relationship between antioxidant activity and cell viability. Antioxidant activity was assessed using the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while cytotoxicity was evaluated on Vero cells using the MTT assay over a concentration range of 31.25-500 µg/mL. Vitamin C and doxorubicin were used as positive controls. The ethanol extract exhibited very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 22.456 µg/mL, while vitamin C showed an IC50 value of 4.217 µg/mL. Cytotoxicity testing demonstrated low toxicity toward Vero cells, with an IC50 value of 1512.857 µg/mL, whereas doxorubicin exhibited an IC50 value of 60.052 µg/mL. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a strong negative correlation between antioxidant activity and Vero cell viability (r = −0.93, p = 0.024). Despite this correlation, cell viability remained above 100% at all tested concentrations, indicating the absence of cytotoxic effects on normal mammalian cells. These findings suggest that the ethanol extract of robusta coffee leaves possesses potent antioxidant activity while maintaining a favorable safety profile, supporting its potential to be futher development as a source of  natural antioxidants and phytopharmaceutical candidate.
Co-Authors Candra Saka Nusantari M. Rofi Putra Bani Mastuti Widianingsih Rafi Andrean Permana Saddam Husein