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All Journal Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi Pharmaciana: Jurnal Kefarmasian JURNAL FARMASIMED (JFM) Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Seminar Nasional Hasil Riset dan Pengabdian (SNHRP) Jurnal Kesehatan Farmasi Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences. Borneo Journal of Pharmacy Medical Sains : Jurnal Ilmiah Kefarmasian Jurnal Sains dan Kesehatan Journal of Pharmascience
Sri Mulyaningsih
Program Studi Farmasi, Fakultas Farmasi, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Medicine & Pharmacology Nursing Public Health Other

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Formulasi dan Karakterisasi Nanoserum Kombinasi Ekstrak Wortel (Daucus carota L.) dan Astaxanthin sebagai Antioksidan Tiara Bella Pratiwi; Arif Budi Setianto; Nuri Ari Efiana; Sri Mulyaningsih
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43464

Abstract

Lipophilic antioxidants such as β-carotene and astaxanthin have strong potential to protect the skin against oxidative stress; however, their topical application is limited by low stability and insufficient skin penetration. This study aimed to formulate and evaluate the physical characteristics, stability, and antioxidant activity of a nanoserum combining carrot extract (Daucus carota L.) and astaxanthin. Carrot extract was obtained by maceration using 96% ethanol and formulated into a nanoemulsion-based serum containing three extract concentrations: 5% (F1), 10% (F2), and 15% (F3), with 1% astaxanthin. The formulations were evaluated for organoleptic properties, particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, pH, viscosity, and adhesiveness. Stability was observed up to 6 days, while antioxidant activity was determined using ABTS and FRAP assays. All formulations exhibited nanoscale particle sizes with good homogeneity (PDI <0.5) and negative zp (<-30 mV), indicating stable dispersions. Formula F2 showed the most favorable characteristics, with a particle size of 39.21 ± 0.32 nm, PDI of 0.25 ± 0.02, and zeta potential of −33.66 ± 0.27 mV, along with suitable pH and viscosity for topical application. F2 demonstrated very strong antioxidant activity, with IC₅₀ values of 9.04 ± 0.19 ppm (ABTS) and 16.78 ± 0.04 ppm (FRAP), which remained in the strong category after storage. In conclusion, the carrot extract–astaxanthin nanoserum was successfully developed, with F2 identified as the optimal formulation.
Acute Toxicity Test of Black Rice and Soybean Extract Complex Liza Syafitri; Nina Salamah; Ichwan Ridwan Rais; Kintoko Kintoko; Sri Mulyaningsih; Moch Saiful Bachri
Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari Vol 17 No 2 (2026): Jurnal Ilmiah Farmako Bahari
Publisher : Faculty of Mathematic and Natural Science, Garut University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52434/jifb.v17i2.43524

Abstract

The present study was conducted to assess the acute oral toxicity of a copigment complex formulated from extracts of black rice (Oryza sativa L., indica) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.). Despite extensive individual pharmacological investigations of these botanical sources, no safety data have previously been documented for their combined copigment complex intended as a functional beverage constituent. Following the Acute Toxic Class methodology (OECD 423), the complex was orally administered as a single dose at 300, 2000, or 5000 mg/kg body weight (BW) to female Swiss Webster mice (n=3 per dose group), alongside a vehicle control group administered 1% Na-CMC. A comprehensive 14-day monitoring program assessed mortality, a range of clinical indicators (including tremor, convulsions, salivation, diarrhea, lethargy, locomotion, coat condition, and ocular appearance), and body weight at Days 0, 7, and 14. No animal deaths occurred across any group. Transient, mild hypoactivity was noted in animals receiving 5000 mg/kg at 1–2 hours post-dose, which resolved completely by 4 hours post-administration. No additional adverse clinical manifestations or weight loss were detected. Based on these findings, the median lethal dose (LD50) is projected to surpass 5000 mg/kg BW, corresponding to GHS Category 5 (practically non-toxic). The results collectively establish a safety foundation for the use of this copigment complex as a functional ingredient in isotonic beverage products, while acknowledging the need for further subchronic and chronic toxicological investigations.
Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Dan Toksisitas Akut Kombinasi Ekstrak Biji Kebiul (Caesalpinia Bonduc (L.) Roxb) Dan Bajakah Jie Xue Teng (Spatholobus Suberectus Dunn) Serta Formulasi Kapsul Yohana Laura Silfia Pora; Sapto Yuliani; Nurfina Aznam; Sri Mulyaningsih
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Sciences JPS Volume 9 Nomor 2 (2026)
Publisher : Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Tjut Nyak Dhien

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36490/journal-jps.com.v9i2.1306

Abstract

Introduction: Oxidative stress plays a major role in the pathogenesis of various degenerative diseases, necessitating effective and safe sources of natural antioxidants. The plants kebiul (Caesalpinia bonduc (L.) Roxb.) and bajakah jie xue teng (Spatholobus suberectus Dunn) are known to possess antioxidant potential; however, the activity of their combination has not been extensively reported. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity, acute toxicity, and capsule formulation of a combination of 70% ethanol extracts of kebiul seeds and bajakah jie xue teng. Methods: Extraction was performed by maceration using 70% ethanol. Total phenolic content was determined using the Folin–Ciocalteu method, while antioxidant activity was assayed using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method. Extract combinations at ratios of 1:1, 1:3, and 3:1 were tested to obtain the lowest IC₅₀ value. An acute toxicity test was conducted on female Swiss mice following the OECD 423 (Acute Toxic Class) guideline at doses of 300 and 2000 mg/kg body weight. The combination with the best antioxidant activity was then formulated into capsules and evaluated for physical quality. Results: The total phenolic content of bajakah jie xue teng extract (47.499 mg GAE/g) was higher than that of kebiul seed extract (16.554 mg GAE/g). The antioxidant activity of kebiul seed extract and bajakah jie xue teng extract showed IC₅₀ values of 125.271 ppm and 86.036 ppm, respectively. The extract combination at a 1:3 ratio exhibited the best antioxidant activity with an IC₅₀ value of 36.434 ppm, which was superior to the 1:1 (78.371 ppm) and 3:1 (52.889 ppm) ratios. The acute toxicity test revealed no signs of toxicity or mortality up to a dose of 2000 mg/kg BW, classifying the combination as Category 5 (unclassified) with an estimated LD₅₀ > 2000 mg/kg BW. The capsule formulation met the physical quality requirements, with granule moisture content of 6.13%, an angle of repose of 24°, weight uniformity within the specified limits, and a disintegration time of 11 minutes and 12 seconds. Conclusion: The combination of kebiul seed and bajakah jie xue teng extracts at a 1:3 ratio demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than the single extracts, exhibited a very low acute toxicity profile, and was successfully formulated into capsules with good physical quality. This combination holds promise for development as an effective and safe natural antioxidant source.
Co-Authors Agustriyanata Vieri Ansharullah Arif Budi Setianto Arya Guna Ramadhan Asih Triastuti Febriyati Adji Rachmadani Girly Risma Firsty Hendy Ristiono Ichwan Ridwan Rais Iis Wahyuningsih Kintoko, Kintoko Liza Syafitri Moch Saiful Bachri Mochammad Saiful Bachri Muhammad Sa’id Nugroho Nadia Istiqomah Nina Salamah Nining Sugihartini Nur Mahdi Nurfina Aznam Nuri Ari Efiana Rahmayani Maghfirah Reski Mulia Ria Indah Pratami Sapto Yuliani Saputri, Ginanjar Zukhruf Sri harnanik Suparman Suparman Susan Fitria Candradewi Tiara Bella Pratiwi Widyasari Putranti Yohana Laura Silfia Pora