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All Journal JURNAL KIMIA SAINS DAN APLIKASI Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology Konversi Info-Teknik EnviroScienteae Communications in Science and Technology Jurnal Teknik Kimia dan Lingkungan JURNAL REKAYASA KIMIA & LINGKUNGAN
Meilana Dharma Putra
Department Of Chemical Engineering, Lambung Mangkurat University
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Computer Science & IT Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NaHSO3 DAN SUHU PADA PRODUKSI SURFAKTAN DARI SEKAM PADI MELALUI SULFONASI LANGSUNG Saufiyah, Rifatus; Ingriyani, Lini; Putra, Meilana Dharma
Konversi Vol 4, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v4i1.259

Abstract

Abstrak-Surfaktan merupakan salah satu bahan baku penting didalam berbagai bidang industri, seperti: emulsifier, corrosion inhibition, foaming, detergent, dan hair conditioning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses produksi surfaktan dari sekam padi melalui proses sulfonasi langsung. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi NaHSO­3 dan peningkatan suhu terhadap jumlah surfaktan. Surfaktan pada penelitian ini dibuat dari kandungan lignin sekam padi yang diperoleh dari daerah Kuin, Kalimantan Selatan. Sekam padi terlebih dahulu dijemur dan diayak. Sekam padi lolos ayakan 355 mikron dan tertahan ayakan 250 mikron dicampur dengan 250 mL natrium bisulfit (dengan variasi 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) untuk dicek pHnya. H2SO4 ditambahkan pada larutan campuran agar pH nya menjadi 4. Larutan campuran dipanaskan pada variasi suhu 70oC, 85oC dan 100oC. Hasil reaksi disaring dan diambil 5mL filtrat untuk dioven sehingga diperoleh serbuk sodium lignosulfonat (surfaktan). Dari hasil yang didapatkan, dapat disimpulkan semakin besar konsentrasi NaHSO3 dan temperatur operasi maka kadar surfaktan akan semakin meningkat. Yield surfaktan tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi larutan NaHSO3 30% dengan suhu operasi 100oC yaitu 1,19% (%berat). Hasil perbandingan uji karakteristik larutan surfaktan sekam padi dengan larutan surfaktan sintetis (ABS) menunjukkan kedua larutan berbau sulfur dan agak asam, mempunyai pH 5 dan larut sempurna dalam air. Sementara itu untuk variabel warna terdapat perbedaan dimana untuk larutan surfaktan sintetis (ABS) berwarna kuning kecoklatan dan untuk larutan surfaktan sekam padi memiliki warna kekuningan. Kata kunci: sekam padi, surfaktan, sulfonasi, sodium lignosulfonat, UV-VIS Abstract-Surfactant is one of the most important raw materials used in various industrial fields, such as emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, foaming agent, detergent and hair conditioning products. This study aims to find out the surfactant production process of rice husk through direct sulfonation process. In addition, this study aims to determine the effect of variation of NaHSO­3 concentrations and variation of temperature on the amount of surfactant. Surfactant in this study was made from lignin content of rice husk which was obtained from the Kuin region, South Kalimantan. Firstly, rice husk was dried and sieved. The rice husk that passed the 355 micron sieve and retained on 250 micron sieve was mixed with 250 mL of sodium bisulfite (the variations were 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) for pH check. H2SO4 was added to the mixture to get pH 4. The mixtures then was heated at 70oC, 85oC and 100oC. The solution result was filtered, 5 mL of the solution was ovened to obtain the powder of sodium lignosulfonate (surfactant). From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the greater concentration of NaHSO3 and operating temperature, the higher the surfactant yield will be obtained. The highest yield was obtained at a concentration of surfactant NaHSO3 solution of 30% with operating temperature of 100oC is 1.19% (wt%). The comparison of characteristics test of rice husk surfactant solution with a solution of synthetic surfactant (ABS) showed two solutions with a scent of sulfur and slightly acidic, having a pH of 5 and completely soluble in water. Meanwhile, for the color variable, there is a visible difference. For the synthetic surfactant solution (ABS) the solution was brownish yellow and rice husk surfactant solution had a yellowish color. Keywords: rice husk, surfactant, sulphonated, sodium lignosulfonate, characteristics test
PEMANFAATAN KULIT CEMPEDAK SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISEAE Safitrie H, Gusti Safriana; Safitri, Erisa Maya; Putra, Meilana Dharma
Konversi Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Oktober 2015
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v4i2.267

Abstract

Abstrak-Seiring dengan upaya pencegahan krisis bahan bakar fosil dimasa mendatang dan pelaksanaan program pemerintah tentang kebijakan energi maka diperlukan penelitian mengenai energi terbarukan, salah satunya bioetanol. Bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol biasanya mengandung karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi dan cempedak mengandung karbohidrat sebesar 28,6 g/100 g buah cempedak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses acid hydrolysis treatment terhadap pendegradasian lignin pada serat kulit cempedak, mengetahui berat kulit cempedak optimum pada proses acid hydrolysis treatment, mengetahui pH optimum dan nutrient yang tepat untuk menghasilkan kadar etanol tertinggi.Kulit cempedak dipotong, dioven dan dihaluskan sampai berbentuk serbuk kemudian dianalisa struktur morfologinya menggunakan metode SEM dan kristanilitasnya menggunakan metode XRD. Serbuk tersebut ditambahkan dengan larutan H2SO4 (2% v/v) dan akuades 90 mL kemudian dihidrolisis pada suhu 100oC  selama 1 jam dengan variasi berat kulit cempedak (%w/v) yaitu: 2,5%; 5%; 7,5% dan 10%. Hidrolisat dengan kadar glukosa tertinggi dilakukan variasi pH, yaitu 4; 4,5 dan 5 selanjutnya disterilisasi menggunakan autoclave selama 15 menit. Hidrolisat ditambahkan starter yang sudah diaktivasi dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae kemudian difermentasi pada orbital shaker dengan kecepatan 120 rpm selama 4 hari. Proses fermentasi diulang kembali dengan mengatur pH 4,5 pada hidrolisat dan menambahkan variasi nutrient yaitu 0,1 g urea; 0,1 g NPK; dan 0,05 g urea+0,05 g NPK.  Kadar bioetanol diujikan dengan metode GC. Berdasarkan XRD, karakteristik peak selulosa pada serat kulit cempedak mengalami peningkatan. Crystallinity Index sebelum hidrolisis 20,39%, setelah hidrolisis 24,59%. Dari hasil analisa dengan metode Luff-Schoorl diperoleh kadar gula total tertinggi dengan berat kulit cempedak 7,5% (w/v) sebesar 15,25% (v/v). Sedangkan hasil analisa dengan metode GC untuk variasi pH dan nutrient diperoleh kadar bioetanol tertinggi sebesar 0,810%(v/v) pada pH 4,5 dan 0,731% (v/v) dengan penambahan 0,05 g urea+0,05 g NPK. Kata kunci: Acid hydrolysis treatment, cempedak, bioetanol.Abstract-Along with prevention efforts of fossil fuel crisis in the future and the implementation of government programs on energy policy, it is necessary to research on renewable energy such as bioethanol. The raw material for bioethanol production usually contain high enough carbohydrates and carbohydrate of jackfruit is 28.6 g/100 g jackfruit. This study aims to determine the effect of the process of acid hydrolysis treatment against the degradation of lignin in the skin fibers of jackfruit, determine the optimum weight of jackfruit skin to the process of acid hydrolysis treatment, know the optimum pH and right nutrient  to produce the highest ethanol content. Jackfruit skin was cut, roasted and refined to powder and then analyzed the structure of the morphology using SEM and crystallity using XRD methods. The powder is added with solution of H2SO4 (2% v/v) and 90 mL of distilled water and hydrolyzed at 100°C for 1 hour with a variety of heavy of jackfruit skin (%w/v) as follows: 2.5%; 5%; 7.5% and 10%. Hydrolyzate with the highest glucose levels do variations in pH, which is 4; 4,5 and 5 sterilized using an autoclave for 15 minutes. The hydrolyzate is added starter that has been activated and Saccharomyces cerevisiae then fermented in orbital shaker at 120 rpm for 4 days. The fermentation process is repeated by adjusting pH 4.5 at hydrolyzate and add a variety of nutrients, namely 0.1 g urea; 0.1 g NPK; and 0.05 g urea+0.05 g NPK.  The content of bioethanol tested with GC method. Based on XRD, the characteristic of peak of cellulose of jackfruit fiber skin is increased. Crystallinity Index before hydrolysis 20.39% and 24.59% after hydrolysis. From the analysis by the Luff-Schoorl method obtained the highest total sugar content with weight of jackfruit skin of 7.5% (w/ v) is 15.25% (v/v). While the results of the analysis by GC method to variations in pH and nutrient is obtained a highest content of bioethanol is 0.810% (v/v) at pH 4.5 and 0.731% (v/v) with the addition of 0.05 g urea+ 0.05 g NPK. Keywords: Acid hydrolysis treatment, jackfruit, bioethanol.  
PENGARUH KONSENTRASI NaHSO3 DAN SUHU PADA PRODUKSI SURFAKTAN DARI SEKAM PADI MELALUI SULFONASI LANGSUNG Rifatus Saufiyah; Lini Ingriyani; Meilana Dharma Putra
Konversi Vol 4, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v4i1.259

Abstract

Abstrak-Surfaktan merupakan salah satu bahan baku penting didalam berbagai bidang industri, seperti: emulsifier, corrosion inhibition, foaming, detergent, dan hair conditioning. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui proses produksi surfaktan dari sekam padi melalui proses sulfonasi langsung. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh konsentrasi NaHSO­3 dan peningkatan suhu terhadap jumlah surfaktan. Surfaktan pada penelitian ini dibuat dari kandungan lignin sekam padi yang diperoleh dari daerah Kuin, Kalimantan Selatan. Sekam padi terlebih dahulu dijemur dan diayak. Sekam padi lolos ayakan 355 mikron dan tertahan ayakan 250 mikron dicampur dengan 250 mL natrium bisulfit (dengan variasi 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%) untuk dicek pHnya. H2SO4 ditambahkan pada larutan campuran agar pH nya menjadi 4. Larutan campuran dipanaskan pada variasi suhu 70oC, 85oC dan 100oC. Hasil reaksi disaring dan diambil 5mL filtrat untuk dioven sehingga diperoleh serbuk sodium lignosulfonat (surfaktan). Dari hasil yang didapatkan, dapat disimpulkan semakin besar konsentrasi NaHSO3 dan temperatur operasi maka kadar surfaktan akan semakin meningkat. Yield surfaktan tertinggi diperoleh pada konsentrasi larutan NaHSO3 30% dengan suhu operasi 100oC yaitu 1,19% (%berat). Hasil perbandingan uji karakteristik larutan surfaktan sekam padi dengan larutan surfaktan sintetis (ABS) menunjukkan kedua larutan berbau sulfur dan agak asam, mempunyai pH 5 dan larut sempurna dalam air. Sementara itu untuk variabel warna terdapat perbedaan dimana untuk larutan surfaktan sintetis (ABS) berwarna kuning kecoklatan dan untuk larutan surfaktan sekam padi memiliki warna kekuningan. Kata kunci: sekam padi, surfaktan, sulfonasi, sodium lignosulfonat, UV-VIS Abstract-Surfactant is one of the most important raw materials used in various industrial fields, such as emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, foaming agent, detergent and hair conditioning products. This study aims to find out the surfactant production process of rice husk through direct sulfonation process. In addition, this study aims to determine the effect of variation of NaHSO­3 concentrations and variation of temperature on the amount of surfactant. Surfactant in this study was made from lignin content of rice husk which was obtained from the Kuin region, South Kalimantan. Firstly, rice husk was dried and sieved. The rice husk that passed the 355 micron sieve and retained on 250 micron sieve was mixed with 250 mL of sodium bisulfite (the variations were 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 30%) for pH check. H2SO4 was added to the mixture to get pH 4. The mixtures then was heated at 70oC, 85oC and 100oC. The solution result was filtered, 5 mL of the solution was ovened to obtain the powder of sodium lignosulfonate (surfactant). From the results obtained, it can be concluded that the greater concentration of NaHSO3 and operating temperature, the higher the surfactant yield will be obtained. The highest yield was obtained at a concentration of surfactant NaHSO3 solution of 30% with operating temperature of 100oC is 1.19% (wt%). The comparison of characteristics test of rice husk surfactant solution with a solution of synthetic surfactant (ABS) showed two solutions with a scent of sulfur and slightly acidic, having a pH of 5 and completely soluble in water. Meanwhile, for the color variable, there is a visible difference. For the synthetic surfactant solution (ABS) the solution was brownish yellow and rice husk surfactant solution had a yellowish color. Keywords: rice husk, surfactant, sulphonated, sodium lignosulfonate, characteristics test
PEMANFAATAN KULIT CEMPEDAK SEBAGAI BAHAN BAKU PEMBUATAN BIOETANOL DENGAN PROSES FERMENTASI MENGGUNAKAN SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISEAE Gusti Safriana Safitrie H; Erisa Maya Safitri; Meilana Dharma Putra
Konversi Vol 4, No 2 (2015): Oktober 2015
Publisher : Universitas Lambung Mangkurat

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20527/k.v4i2.267

Abstract

Abstrak-Seiring dengan upaya pencegahan krisis bahan bakar fosil dimasa mendatang dan pelaksanaan program pemerintah tentang kebijakan energi maka diperlukan penelitian mengenai energi terbarukan, salah satunya bioetanol. Bahan baku pembuatan bioetanol biasanya mengandung karbohidrat yang cukup tinggi dan cempedak mengandung karbohidrat sebesar 28,6 g/100 g buah cempedak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh proses acid hydrolysis treatment terhadap pendegradasian lignin pada serat kulit cempedak, mengetahui berat kulit cempedak optimum pada proses acid hydrolysis treatment, mengetahui pH optimum dan nutrient yang tepat untuk menghasilkan kadar etanol tertinggi.Kulit cempedak dipotong, dioven dan dihaluskan sampai berbentuk serbuk kemudian dianalisa struktur morfologinya menggunakan metode SEM dan kristanilitasnya menggunakan metode XRD. Serbuk tersebut ditambahkan dengan larutan H2SO4 (2% v/v) dan akuades 90 mL kemudian dihidrolisis pada suhu 100oC  selama 1 jam dengan variasi berat kulit cempedak (%w/v) yaitu: 2,5%; 5%; 7,5% dan 10%. Hidrolisat dengan kadar glukosa tertinggi dilakukan variasi pH, yaitu 4; 4,5 dan 5 selanjutnya disterilisasi menggunakan autoclave selama 15 menit. Hidrolisat ditambahkan starter yang sudah diaktivasi dan Saccharomyces cerevisiae kemudian difermentasi pada orbital shaker dengan kecepatan 120 rpm selama 4 hari. Proses fermentasi diulang kembali dengan mengatur pH 4,5 pada hidrolisat dan menambahkan variasi nutrient yaitu 0,1 g urea; 0,1 g NPK; dan 0,05 g urea+0,05 g NPK.  Kadar bioetanol diujikan dengan metode GC. Berdasarkan XRD, karakteristik peak selulosa pada serat kulit cempedak mengalami peningkatan. Crystallinity Index sebelum hidrolisis 20,39%, setelah hidrolisis 24,59%. Dari hasil analisa dengan metode Luff-Schoorl diperoleh kadar gula total tertinggi dengan berat kulit cempedak 7,5% (w/v) sebesar 15,25% (v/v). Sedangkan hasil analisa dengan metode GC untuk variasi pH dan nutrient diperoleh kadar bioetanol tertinggi sebesar 0,810%(v/v) pada pH 4,5 dan 0,731% (v/v) dengan penambahan 0,05 g urea+0,05 g NPK. Kata kunci: Acid hydrolysis treatment, cempedak, bioetanol.Abstract-Along with prevention efforts of fossil fuel crisis in the future and the implementation of government programs on energy policy, it is necessary to research on renewable energy such as bioethanol. The raw material for bioethanol production usually contain high enough carbohydrates and carbohydrate of jackfruit is 28.6 g/100 g jackfruit. This study aims to determine the effect of the process of acid hydrolysis treatment against the degradation of lignin in the skin fibers of jackfruit, determine the optimum weight of jackfruit skin to the process of acid hydrolysis treatment, know the optimum pH and right nutrient  to produce the highest ethanol content. Jackfruit skin was cut, roasted and refined to powder and then analyzed the structure of the morphology using SEM and crystallity using XRD methods. The powder is added with solution of H2SO4 (2% v/v) and 90 mL of distilled water and hydrolyzed at 100°C for 1 hour with a variety of heavy of jackfruit skin (%w/v) as follows: 2.5%; 5%; 7.5% and 10%. Hydrolyzate with the highest glucose levels do variations in pH, which is 4; 4,5 and 5 sterilized using an autoclave for 15 minutes. The hydrolyzate is added starter that has been activated and Saccharomyces cerevisiae then fermented in orbital shaker at 120 rpm for 4 days. The fermentation process is repeated by adjusting pH 4.5 at hydrolyzate and add a variety of nutrients, namely 0.1 g urea; 0.1 g NPK; and 0.05 g urea+0.05 g NPK.  The content of bioethanol tested with GC method. Based on XRD, the characteristic of peak of cellulose of jackfruit fiber skin is increased. Crystallinity Index before hydrolysis 20.39% and 24.59% after hydrolysis. From the analysis by the Luff-Schoorl method obtained the highest total sugar content with weight of jackfruit skin of 7.5% (w/ v) is 15.25% (v/v). While the results of the analysis by GC method to variations in pH and nutrient is obtained a highest content of bioethanol is 0.810% (v/v) at pH 4.5 and 0.731% (v/v) with the addition of 0.05 g urea+ 0.05 g NPK. Keywords: Acid hydrolysis treatment, jackfruit, bioethanol.  
Co-Authors Agung Nugroho Agus Mirwan Asnia, Mira Chairul Irawan Erisa Maya Safitri Erisa Maya Safitri, Erisa Maya Fadhillah, Hilda Nur Gusti Safriana Safitrie H Gusti Safriana Safitrie H, Gusti Safriana Hairullah Haka, Muhammad Rofi Hendrawan, Rangga Dwi Hesti Wijayanti Hesty Heryani Hikmah Hikmah Hilda Nur Fadhillah Ilmanto, Bintang Hambela Iryanti Fatyasari Nata, Iryanti Fatyasari Jefriadi Jefriadi Jefriadi Lini Ingriyani Lini Ingriyani, Lini Madani, Zikri Daffa Aulia Marisa, Rosmasari Meda Nur Anisa Mira Asnia Misnawati Misnawati Muhammad Arif Darmawan Muhammad Bahrul Ulum Muhammad Jauhar Mahdi Noor Ridha Yanti Primata Mardina Primata Mardina Putri, Hexas Sarastiwi Handayani Rifatus Saufiyah Rifatus Saufiyah, Rifatus Rinna Juwita Rinny Jelita Rinny Jelita, Rinny Rosmasari Marisa Sylvera Bella Priscilla Yulian Firmana Arifin