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Credit Composition and Subnational Economic Growth: Long-Run and Short-Run Evidence from East Nusa Tenggara Ketmoen, Adrianus; Pongge, Maria Imakulata; Leki, Salomon; Lodo, Angela Jeni
Signifikan: Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi Vol. 15 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Faculty of Economic and Business, Universitas Islam Negeri Syarif Hidayatullah

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15408/sjie.v15i1.50180

Abstract

Research Originality. This study advances the finance–growth nexus literature by providing subnational time-series evidence on credit composition rather than aggregate credit, focusing on a structurally developing province in Eastern Indonesia. Research Objectives. This study examines whether different types of bank credit contribute differently to regional economic growth in East Nusa Tenggara. Research Methods. This study applies the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The ARDL Bounds Test is employed to verify cointegration, followed by Error Correction Model (ECM) estimation and diagnostic stability tests. Empirical Results. The findings confirm a significant long-run relationship between credit composition and regional economic growth. Consumer credit exhibits a positive long-run effect on real GRDP, while investment credit shows a moderate impact. Working capital credit does not demonstrate a significant long-run contribution. Implications. The results suggest that not only the volume but also the credit allocation structure plays a crucial role in shaping regional economic performance. Policy strategies in developing regions should therefore emphasize productive and demand-supporting credit allocation to promote sustainable growth. JEL Classification: E44, O16, O47, R11
Kinerja Retribusi Parkir dalam Mendukung Pendapatan Asli Daerah: Analisis Pertumbuhan, Efektivitas, dan Kontribusi di Kota Kupang Albina Des; Marius Masri; Maria Imakulata Pongge
JEMSI (Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, dan Akuntansi) Vol. 12 No. 4 (2026): Agustus 2026
Publisher : Lembaga Komunitas Informasi Teknologi Aceh (KITA), Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35870/jemsi.v12i4.6781

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the growth, effectiveness, and contribution of parking levies to the Regional Original Revenue (PAD) of Kupang City during the 2015–2023 period. The study is motivated by the importance of optimizing PAD to support regional fiscal independence, while parking levies, as one of the sources of PAD, have not yet made an optimal contribution. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach supported by qualitative data. The main data, consisting of parking levy targets and realizations as well as PAD realizations, were obtained from the Kupang City Transportation Office and the Regional Financial and Asset Management Agency of Kupang City, while supporting data were collected through semi-structured interviews. The results show that parking levy revenue increased nominally from Rp889,115,100 in 2015 to Rp3,194,281,900 in 2023; however, its growth was fluctuating and experienced a decline in 2019. The effectiveness of levy collection during the 2015–2018 period was categorized as effective to highly effective, whereas during the 2019–2023 period it declined and was categorized as less effective. The contribution of parking levies to PAD during the study period ranged only from 0.63% to 1.68%, indicating a very low contribution. This study concludes that parking levies have the potential to be improved, but this requires better governance, stronger supervision, and the digitalization of the collection system in order to enhance their contribution to the PAD of Kupang City.