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All Journal BIOLINK (Jurnal Biologi Lingkungan, Industri, Kesehatan) Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA (JPPIPA) JURNAL EDUCATION AND DEVELOPMENT Multidiciplinary Output Research for Actual and International Issue (Morfai Journal) International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research, and Technology (IJSET) IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Jurnal Natural Tabela Jurnal Pertanian Berkelanjutan Jurnal Agro Estate Jurnal Agro Fabrica CHEMVIRO : Jurnal Kimia dan Ilmu Lingkungan Bhakti: Jurnal Pengabdian dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat
WARDATUL HUSNA IRHAM
Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia
Religion Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Arts Humanities Astronomy Automotive Engineering Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Economics, Econometrics & Finance Education Energy Engineering Environmental Science Health Professions Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Languange, Linguistic, Communication & Media Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mechanical Engineering Neuroscience Physics Social Sciences Other

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ANALISIS TERMODINAMIKA DAN KINETIKA PADA PROSES TRANSESTERIFIKASI MINYAK SAWIT MENJADI BIODIESEL DENGAN METODE SYSTEMATIC LITERATURE REVIEW Irham, Wardatul Husna; Purwanto, Heri; Adhyaksa, Bagus; Putra, Raihant Syah; Syahda, Arsyifa Nirmala; Ambarita, Tony Gunawan
Jurnal Agro Fabrica Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia (ITSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47199/jaf.v7i2.349

Abstract

ABSTRAK Biodiesel merupakan bahan bakar ramah lingkungan yang dihasilkan melalui proses transesterifikasi antara minyaknabati dan alkohol dengan bantuan katalis.minyak kelapa sawit Adalah bahan baku utama yang potensial karenamemiliki ketersediaan yang melimpah. Pembahasan ini bertujuan untuk menganaisis aspek termodinamika dankinetika pada proses transesterifikasi minyak kelapa sawit menjadi biodiesel.berdasarkan Jurnal yang telah kami baca.Analisis ini difokuskan pada jenis katalis,suhu reaksi,jenis alcohol, dan nilai energi yang mempengaruhi produtivitasbiodiesel.Hasil telah menunjukan bahwa Sebagian besar analisis ini menggunakan model kinetika Arrhenius denganpendekatan kinetika orde satu terhadap trigliserida.niali yang terkandung dalam energi aktivasi (Eₐ) sekitar 10–60kJ/mol, dengan katalis basa homogen (NaOH dan KOH) menghasilkan laju reaksi lebih cepat dan Eₐ lebih rendahdibandingkan katalis heterogen berbasis CaO atau abu sawit.secara termodinamika dan reaksi transestrifikasi bersifatendotermik dan reversible, dikarenakan peningkatan suhu dan rasio alcohol mempercepat proses pembentukanbiodiesel.Metanol ini terbukti lebih efisien dibandingkan dengan etanol, karena metanol menghasilkn konversi tinggilebih tinggi dan waktu reaksi lebih singkat dibandingkan dengan etanol. Pemahaman yang luas terhadap hubunganantara termodinamika dan kinetika yang menjadi dasar penting utuk merancang proses produksi biodiesel yang lebihefisien, ekonomis dan berkelanjutan. ABSTRAK Biodiesel is an environmentally friendly fuel produced through a transesterification process between vegetable oiland alcohol with the aid of a catalyst. Palm oil is a potential primary raw material due to its widespread availability.This discussion aims to analyze the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the transesterification process of palm oilinto biodiesel based on twenty journals that we have read. This analysis focuses on the type of catalyst, reactiontemperature, type of alcohol, and energy value that affect biodiesel productivity. The results show that most of theseanalyses employ the Arrhenius kinetic model, using a first-order kinetic approach for triglycerides. The activationenergy (Eₐ) value is around 10–60 kJ/mol, with homogeneous base catalysts (NaOH and KOH) producing fasterreaction rates and lower Eₐ compared to CaO-based heterogeneous catalysts or palm ash. Thermodynamically, thetransesterification reaction is endothermic and reversible, as increased temperature and alcohol ratio accelerate thebiodiesel formation process. Methanol has proven to be more efficient than ethanol, as it produces higher conversionrates and shorter reaction times compared to ethanol. A broad understanding of the relationship betweenthermodynamics and kinetics is an important basis for designing a more economically efficient and sustainablebiodiesel production process.
PENGEMBANGAN BAHAN AKTIF ANTIMIKROBA DARI ASAM LEMAK SAWIT MELALUI MODIFIKASI KIMIA: FOKUS PADA SINTESIS MONO/DIASIL GLISEROL DAN TURUNAN ASAM LEMAK TEROKSIDASI UNTUK APLIKASI PANGAN DAN FARMASI Irham, Wardatul Husna; Faisal, Busrizal; manik, michael finehas; Putri, Dwi Kartika; Sinaga, Fiki; Nengsih, Welly Three
Jurnal Agro Fabrica Vol. 7 No. 2 (2025): Desember 2025
Publisher : Institut Teknologi Sawit Indonesia (ITSI)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47199/jaf.v7i2.350

Abstract

Minyak sawit dan turunannya merupakan sumber utama asam lemak jenuh dan tak jenuh, sehingga cocok sebagai bahan baku untuk menghasilkan senyawa bioaktif melalui modifikasi kimia. Salah satu perkembangan menarik adalah produksi bahan aktif antimikroba dari asam lemak sawit, khususnya dengan memproduksi monoasilgliserol (MAG), diasilgliserol (DAG), dan turunan oksidasi seperti epoksida asam lemak, peroksida, dan diol. Makalah ini membahas temuan penelitian selama dua puluh tahun terakhir tentang modifikasi kimia asam lemak sawit untuk menghasilkan bahan aktif antimikroba yang dapat digunakan dalam industri makanan dan farmasi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menganalisis 20 jurnal ilmiah dari dalam dan luar negeri, yang mencakup proses gliserolisis, etanolisis, oksidasi terpilih, dan pengujian aktivitas antimikroba dari senyawa yang dihasilkan. Metode sintesis kimia dan enzimatik telah dilaporkan menghasilkan turunan MAG/DAG dan asam lemak teroksidasi dengan ketahanan oksidasi dan aktivitas antimikroba yang baik terhadap bakteri Gram positif dan Gram negatif. Berdasarkan hasil tinjauan, tampak bahwa monogliserida, terutama monolaurin dan monopalmitin, memiliki efek penghambatan yang kuat terhadap Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, dan Bacillus cereus, sementara senyawa epoksi dan peroksida dari asam oleat dan linoleat memiliki potensi antimikroba dan sifat antioksidan tambahan. Potensi ini membuka peluang besar untuk mengembangkan pengawet makanan alami dan bahan aktif farmasi yang berasal dari sumber minyak sawit yang ramah lingkungan.
Characteristics of Chitosan from Black Soldier Fly Pupa Shells as a Crosslinking Agent in the Manufacture of Slow-Release Fertilizer Hydrogels Sri Wahyuna Saragih; Wardatul Husna Irham; Ingrid Ovie Yosephine; Muhammad Ferza; Bella Yulia; Annisah Fadhilah
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 1 (2025): January
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i1.9692

Abstract

Chitosan, a natural polysaccharide obtained through the deacetylation of chitin, exhibits unique properties that make it a potential material for various applications, including agriculture. This study aims to examine the characteristics of chitosan derived from Black Soldier Fly (BSF) pupa shells and its role as a crosslinking agent in polymer-based hydrogel synthesis for slow-release fertilizers. Chitosan was isolated through chemical processes, including demineralization, deproteinization, and deacetylation. Characterization was conducted using FTIR, XRD, SEM, TEM, and TGA. The results revealed that chitosan from BSF pupa shells has a degree of deacetylation of 83%, a semi-crystalline and slightly amorphous structure, pores that enhance water absorption capacity, and high thermal stability. These properties make chitosan an effective crosslinking agent, improving hydrogel stability and extending nutrient release duration. These findings demonstrate the potential of chitosan as an innovative material for hydrogel applications in sustainable agriculture.
Selulosa Bakteri Terimpregnasi Nanopartikel Perak dari Sari Pelepah Kelapa Sawit dan Sifat Antimikrobanya Wardatul Husna Irham; Syarifah Yusra; Hari Gunawan; Marzuti Isra; Sajaratud Dur
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 12 (2025): December
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i12.13390

Abstract

Palm oil frond sap (NPS), rich in fermentable sugars and essential minerals, is a renewable substrate for the production of biocompatible biomaterials. This study aims to review the utilization of  of OPFJ as a culture medium for BC biosynthesis, its functionalization with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), and the potential of the resulting composite’ for wound dressing applications. The method used was a literature review by collecting the latest and most recent journals, recording and analyzing the results of the utilization of OPFJ with AgNPs. The results showed   that OPFJ-based BC exhibits nanofibrillar morphology, high crystallinity, and good mechanical stability. The incorporation of AgNPs enhances antimicrobial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, providing a dual-functional dressing material. Nonetheless, limitations persist in silver release control, cytotoxicity management, and large-scale production. Future studies should focus on pretreatment optimization of OPFJ, green synthesis of AgNPs, and in vivo evaluations to ensure clinical viability.
BC-g-PAA: Characterization and Establishment of the IPN Hydrogel Jelita Jelita; Sri Wahyuna Saragih; Wardatul Husna Irham
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 10 No 5 (2024): May
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v10i5.7007

Abstract

A study on the manufacture of bacterial cellulose IPN hydrogel crosslinked poly acrylic acid using the MBA crosslinker. This study aims to characterize and observe the reaction to form bacterial cellulose-based hydrogel IPN. The BC-g-PAA was characterized by the degree of cross-linking, swelling ratio, and FTIR analysis. The results of this study found predictions of the reaction process for the formation of IPN Hydrogel in several process stages, namely 1) The polymerization process of bacterial cellulose chains that form cross-linked networks independently, 2) The process of cross-linking Acrylate monomers with MBA crosslinkers in three steps, i.e. initiation, propagation and termination, 3) Reaction process Formation of IPN network. The results of the characterization test for the degree of crosslinking were 54.55%; Swelling ratio of 1631.25%. FTIR analysis shows that there is a peak that identifies the occurrence of crosslinking
Palm Sap Innovation as Bacterial Cellulose Material Wardatul Husna Irham; Sri Wahyuna Saragih; Saroha Manurung; Christine Gabriela; Ariel Ramadani; Trisna Anggraeni
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 12 No 5 (2026)
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v12i5.12725

Abstract

Old palm oil trunk waste produces sap water which is currently being developed only for the production of brown sugar. Palm oil trunk waste sap has great potential as another material. This study conducted the synthesis of bacterial cellulose from palm sap and conducted a characterization test of bacterial cellulose from the palm sap. This study is classified as qualitative research with laboratory research methods. The results of the study showed the success of palm sap as a bacterial cellulose material, with an optimal formation time on the 10th day with a thickness of 2.5 cm and an absorption capacity of 137.5 g/g. The FTIR test results showed specific functional groups of cellulose, namely OH at the peak of 3290 cm-1, aromatic C-C bonds at the peak of 1561 cm-1, CO bending bonds at the peak of 1399 cm-1 and H stretching vibrations with CO bonds at the peak of 1072 cm-1 and a closed chain was seen at the fingerprint peak. The SEM test showed a branched pellicle morphology that was bound long and strong. Mechanical tests showed an elongation at breaking load of 25.841%. XRD tests showed specific characteristics of pure cellulose at diffraction peaks of 14.20 and 15.40.
PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN ECO-ENZYME DARI LIMBAH SAYURAN UNTUK MENDUKUNG PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH RUMAH TANGGA BERKELANJUTAN Sri Wahyuna Saragih; Wardatul Husna Irham; Ratu Mutiara Siregar; Muhammad Ikbal Aritonang; Syerlina Sari; Shaira Fitdina Amelia; Chengly Jaxon Boahlander Siahaan; Hiskia Sitanggang
BHAKTI: JURNAL PENGABDIAN DAN PEMBERDAYAAN MASYARAKAT Vol. 5 No. 01 (2026): Juni
Publisher : Universitas Islam Tribakti (UIT) Lirboyo Kediri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33367/bjppm.v5i01.9189

Abstract

 This community service initiative was designed to empower communities by providing training on converting vegetable waste into eco-enzyme as a solution for sustainable household waste management. The program adopted a participatory method involving awareness sessions, practical workshops, and ongoing assistance. Participants were introduced to material preparation, fermentation techniques, and the utilization of eco-enzyme as an eco-friendly cleaning solution and liquid fertilizer. The outcomes indicated a significant increase in participants’ understanding and practical skills in managing organic waste, along with heightened environmental awareness. Furthermore, the program fostered positive behavioral changes in reducing household organic waste and promoted the adoption of simple and affordable sustainable practices. Hence, eco-enzyme production represents a practical community-based approach to improving sustainable household waste management.
Pemanfaatan Campuran Bunch Ash dan CaCO₃ dalam Proses Claybath untuk Meningkatkan Efisiensi Pemisahan Inti dan Cangkang Kelapa Sawit Rahimah Rahimah; Wardatul Husna Irham; Bagus Satria
IRA Jurnal Teknik Mesin dan Aplikasinya (IRAJTMA) Vol 5 No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : CV. IRA PUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.56862/irajtma.v5i1.417

Abstract

The palm oil processing industry requires an efficient kernel-shell separation process to improve product quality and minimize kernel losses. One commonly used method is the claybath system that utilizes the density difference between the kernel and shell using a calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) solution. However, using large amounts of CaCO₃ can increase operational costs and generate waste. This study aims to analyze the effect of combining Bunch Ash (oil palm empty fruit bunch ash) with CaCO₃ on the effectiveness of the claybath process. The research method uses an experimental approach with five mixture compositions: 0:100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25, and 100:0. The parameters observed include reductions in dirt content and kernel losses. The results showed that a mixture of 25% Bunch Ash and 75% CaCO₃ gave the best results with an average reduction in dirt content of 56.44% and a reduction in losses of around 86.66%. These results indicate that Bunch Ash has the potential to be a partial substitute for CaCO₃ in clay bath systems, thereby increasing process efficiency and supporting the utilization of biomass waste in the palm oil industry.
The EFFECT OF OIL PALM SAP TAPPING AT THE PITH AND 50 CM FROM THE PITH ON THE CHARACTERISTICS OF PRODUCED BACTERIAL CELLULOSE Tyrta Wahidani; Wardatul Husna Irham
International Journal of Social Science, Educational, Economics, Agriculture Research and Technology (IJSET) Vol. 5 No. 6 (2026): MAY
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

This study aims to utilize oil palm sap as a fermentation medium for bacterial cellulose production using Acetobacter xylinum bacteria. The study used a non-factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) consisting of two treatments, namely sap tapping from the apical meristem and sap tapping 50 cm from the apical meristem. Parameters observed included membrane thickness, dry weight, weight after distilled water immersion, absorption capacity, and tensile strength of bacterial cellulose membranes. The results showed that sap tapped from the apical meristem produced the highest membrane thickness of 15.8 mm compared to 11.7 mm for sap tapped 50 cm from the apical meristem. ANOVA analysis showed that the tapping treatment significantly affected membrane thickness and weight after distilled water immersion, but had no significant effect on dry weight and absorption capacity of bacterial cellulose. The highest absorption capacity was obtained in the apical meristem treatment at 3.68 g/g, while the 50 cm treatment showed 3.58 g/g. Tensile strength analysis showed that the 50 cm treatment had a higher max stress value of 17.138 MPa compared to 15.919 MPa in the apical meristem treatment, while the apical meristem treatment showed a higher elongation value of 4.110 mm. Based on the results, differences in oil palm sap tapping locations affected the physical and mechanical characteristics of the bacterial cellulose produced.
PRODUCING BACTERIAL CELLULOSE FROM OIL PALM SAP AS A WOUND DRESSING MATERIAL Joshua Nicholas Tambunan; Wardatul Husna Irham
Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue (MORFAI) Vol. 6 No. 4 (2026): Multidiciplinary Output Research For Actual and International Issue
Publisher : RADJA PUBLIKA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.20755776

Abstract

This study aims to utilize oil palm sap into bacterial cellulose (nata) with the assistance of Acetobacter xylinum bacteria which is then applied as a material for making wound dressings. Bacterial cellulose has a high absorption capacity and is hydrophilic so it supports optimal wound healing. This study used a non-factorial Complete Randomized Design (CRD) method consisting of three treatment stages, namely treatment P1 with a fermentation time of 8 days, treatment P2 with a fermentation time of 10 days, and treatment P3 with a fermentation time of 12 days. The results showed that fermentation time affected the thickness and absorption capacity of the produced bacterial cellulose. Treatment P3 produced bacterial cellulose with an average thickness of 15.8 mm and a better absorption capacity of 3.68 g. All the test results that have been carried out (membrane thickness, absorption capacity, tensile strength and wound dressing quality test) in the P3 treatment concluded that the cellulose produced by the Acetobacter xylium bacteria is in the form of pure cellulose which has high mechanical strength and absorption capacity so that it is suitable for use as a wound dressing material.
Co-Authors Abdul Latif Abu Yazid, Abu Adhyaksa, Bagus AJMAIN AJMAIN Ambarita, Tony Gunawan Andrew Ivanovic Purba Annisah Fadhilah Ariel Ramadani Bagus Satria Bella Yulia Busrizal Faisal Chengly Jaxon Boahlander Siahaan Christine Gabriela Damanik, Riski Dwi Kartika Putri, Dwi Kartika Eka Bobby Febrianto, Eka Bobby Friska Anggraini Barus Haholongan, Rahmat Hari Gunawan Heri Purwanto Hiskia Sitanggang Ingrid Ovie Yosephine Jelita Jelita Joshua Nicholas Tambunan manik, michael finehas Manurung, Saroha Marzuti Isra Maulana, Andre Muhammad Ferza Muhammad Ikbal Aritonang Nengsih, Welly Three Novita Herawati Nurliana Putra, Raihant Syah Putri Ramadhani Radika Dwi Lesmana Rafa Tabina Rahimah Rahimah Ratu Mutiara Siregar Riska Adelina Putri Rosliana Lubis SAISA SAISA Sajaratud Dur Shaira Fitdina Amelia Sinaga, Fiki Sitepu, Maichal Timoty Sopyan Sopyan Sri Wahyuna Saragih Sulthon Parinduri Syahda, Arsyifa Nirmala Syarifah Yusra Syerlina Sari Trisna Anggraeni Tua, Siswo Nelson Purba Tyrta Wahidani Yazid, Abu Yudi Pranata Tarigan