Yunani Abiyoso
Faculty Of Law Universitas Indonesia

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Konstitusionalisme Komunitas ASEAN dan Penegakan Rule of Law1 Yunani Abiyoso
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 3, No 2 (2017): Volume 3, Nomor 2, Juli-Desember 2017
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1142.266 KB) | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v3i2.395

Abstract

AbstrakKomunitas ASEAN merupakan sebuah keniscayaan. Salah satu pilarnya yaitu Komunitas Ekonomi ASEAN harus sudah berjalan pada akhir 2015 ini. Berbagai tantangan dan peluang telah banyak dikaji dari aspek ekonomi dan hukum ekonomi. Hal ini tentu tidak terlepas dari cita-cita awal yang ditentukan yaitu untuk meningkatkan daya saing dan kesejahteraan, sehingga negara-negara anggota ASEAN bersepakat untuk membebaskan peredaran barang dan jasa di kawasan Asia Tenggara. Terlepas dari kesiapan menyongsong komunitas ekonomi tersebut, pengkajian dari aspek konstitusi masih sangat minim, padahal pengkajian dari tersebut sangatlah penting khususnya dalam hal mempersiapkan sistem dan perangkat rule of law sebagaimana disepakati oleh negara-negara anggota ASEAN sebagai prinsip membangun Komunitas ASEAN. Penulisan yang berlandaskan penelitian normatif berusaha menjelaskan aspek konstitusionalisme Komunitas ASEAN dan penegakan rule of law di kawasan ASEAN. Penulisan ini juga hendak merekomendasikan adanya lembaga peradilan di lingkungan ASEAN sebagai pilar democracy constitutionalism dalam kemungkinan penyelesaian sengketa dan penegakan rule of lawdi kawasan Asia Tenggara.Kata kunci: konstitusionalisme, ASEAN, peradilan, supremasi hukum AbstractThe ASEAN Community is a necessity. One of the pillars is that the ASEAN Economic Community must be running by the end of 2015. Various challenges and opportunities have been studied in terms of economic and economic law. This is certainly inseparable from the initial ideals set to improve competitiveness and prosperity, so that ASEAN member countries have agreed to free the circulation of goods and services in the Southeast Asian region. Apart from the readiness to welcome the economic community, assessment from the aspect of the constitution is still very minimal, even though the study of this is very important especially in terms of preparing the system and instrument of rule of law as agreed by ASEAN member countries as a principle of building an ASEAN Community. Writing based on normative research seeks to explain the constitutionalism aspects of the ASEAN Community and the enforcement of the rule of law in the ASEAN region. This writing also intends to recommend a judicial institution within the ASEAN environment as a pillar of democracy constitutionalism in the possibility of dispute resolution and enforcement of the rule of law in the Southeast Asian region.Keywords: constitutionalism, ASEAN, justice, rule of law
PERBANDINGAN SISTEM PEMERINTAHAN PRESIDENSIAL AMERIKA SERIKAT DAN INDONESIA : SEBUAH PENCARIAN PRESIDENSIALISME YANG EFEKTIF Ari Wuisang; Yunani Abiyoso
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 8, No 2 (2022): Volume 8, Nomor 2 April-JunI 2022
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1012.489 KB) | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v8i1.4812

Abstract

AbstrakPasca perubahan UUD Tahun 1945, Indonesia telah memilih untuk konsisten menerapkan Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial. Sistem ini memiliki kompleksitasnya sendiri, oleh karena itu tidak sedikit sistem presidensial yang gagal melewati ujian stabilitas demokrasi di negara-negara yang menerapkannya. Dapat dikatakan hanya Amerika Serikat (AS) yang menjadi best practice dari penerapan Sistem Pemerintahan Presidensial yang sukses. Oleh karena itu, apabila ingin membangun bentuk presidensialisme yang efektif untuk Indonesia, maka tidak bisa tidak harus melihat praktik di AS. Diantaranya, Sistem kepartaian Indonesia perlu dipertimbangkan untuk mengikuti model AS yang membagi partai menjadi  recognized political party dan limited political party. Recognized political party ditentukan hanya dua partai yang diperkenankan menjadi peserta pemilu, dan sisanya menjadi limited political party yang tidak mengikuti pemilu. Dampaknya, kabinet yang terbentuk pun tidak akan menjadi kabinet koalisi “pelangi”, sehingga stabilitas pemerintahan dapat lebih terjamin. Begitu juga dengan elemen di Parlemen, lebih terfokus pada dua partai tanpa ada pembentukan aneka macam koalisi. Kata kunci : presidensial, kabinet, partai politik, Amerika Serikat. AbstractAfter the amendment of 1945 Constitution, Indonesia has chosen to consistently implement the Presidential Government System. This sistem has its own complexity, therefore many presidential systems that fail to pass the test of democratic stability in the countries that apply it. It can be said that only the United State (US) is the best practice of implementing a successfull Presidential System. Therefore if we want to build an effective form of Presidentialism for Indonesia, we have to look at practices in the US. For instance, the Indonesian party system need to be considered to follow the US model which  divides parties into “recognized political parties” and “limited political parties”. Recognized political parties determined that only two partoes were allowe to participate in general election, and rest became limited political parties that did not participate in the general election. As a result, the cabinet formed will not become a “rainbow” coalition cabinet, so that stability of government is guaranteed. Likewise with element in Parliament, more focused on two parties without the formation of various kinds of coalitions. Keywords : presidential, cabinet, political party, United States.
PRAKTIK DEMOKRASI MODERN DALAM PEMERINTAHAN NAGARI DI MINANGKABAU Fitra Arsil; Mohammad Novrizal; Ryan Muthiara Wasti; Yunani Abiyoso; Ali Abdillah
Arena Hukum Vol. 15 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Arena Hukum

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.arenahukum.2022.01503.8

Abstract

The adat governance of Minangkabau has adopted the democratic principles long before the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia has such principles. This was due to the character of Minangkabau society and its culture which are inherited from their ancestors in Minangkabau society. This paper examines how forms of democratic practice in Minangkabau are related to democratic theory and the division of power. This normative legal research is supported by conducting interviews with some prominent adat figures in the Minangkabau society. In conclusion, it shows that the democratic principles in Nagari can exist until now because of the influence of adat figures. The adat figures preserve and combine such principles with religious norms as their indigenous values to be the main reference to run the Nagari.
ANOMALI JABATAN HAKIM DAN IMPLIKASIKANYA TERHADAP INDEPENDENSI PERADILAN DI INDONESIA Herdis Muhammad Husein; Yunani Abiyoso
PALAR (Pakuan Law review) Vol 9, No 1 (2023): Volume 9, Nomor 1 Januari-Maret 2023
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS PAKUAN

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33751/palar.v9i1.8120

Abstract

 ABSTRAKTulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendiskusikan anomali atau ketidakjelasan kedudukan jabatan hakim di Indonesia dan pengaruhnya terhadap independensi peradilan, yang merupakan prasyarat dalam rangka bekerjanya negara hukum. Kekuasaan kehakiman harus memiliki kebebasan dari segala macam bentuk tekanan dan campur tangan kekuasaan eksekutif dan legislatif, mencakup pula wewenang hakim untuk menjatuhkan putusannya pada seorang penguasa apabila ia melanggar hak-hak rakyat. Agar putusan hakim tersebut mencerminkan rasa keadilan hukum terhadap siapapun, maka penegakan hukum harus didukung oleh struktur kelembagaan yang kuat. Dualisme status dan kedudukan hakim terjadi karena di satu sisi beberapa undang-undang telah menyebutkan hakim sebagai pejabat negara, namun di sisi lain dalam praktik dan peraturan pelaksanaan di bawah undang-undang, status dan kedudukan hakim masih seperti pegawai negeri. Hal tersebut dapat dilihat dari adanya pangkat, jabatan, dan golongan ruang yang identik dengan pegawai negeri sipil sebagaimana diatur dalam Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 41 Tahun 2002 tentang Kenaikan Jabatan dan Pangkat Hakim dan Peraturan Pemerintah Nomor 46 Tahun 2011 tentang Penilaian Prestasi Kerja Pegawai Negeri Sipil yang di dalamnya mengatur pula mengenai hakim. Dualisme tersebut berimplikasi setidaknya terhadap dua hal yaitu pertama, terkait dengan independensi hakim atau kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka. Kekuasaan kehakiman yang merdeka tidak hanya bisa diselesaikan melalui masalah kelembagaan, yaitu penyatuatapan pembinaan di bawah Mahkamah Agung, namun juga harus memperjelas status dan kedudukan hakim agar tidak lagi bernuansa sebagai PNS, karena secara tidak langsung akan mempengaruhi pola-pola kinerja birokratis sebagaimana aparatur pemerintah. Kedua, ketidakjelasan status dan kedudukan hakim berpengaruh pada jaminan kesejahteraan yang juga dapat berimplikasi pada independensi dan kinerja.  Kata Kunci: Hakim, Independensi Peradilan, Pejabat Negara. ABSTRACTThis paper aims to discuss the anomalies or ambiguity in the position of judges in Indonesia and its impact on the independence of the judiciary, which is a prerequisite for the functioning of a rule of law. Judicial power must have freedom from all forms of pressure and interference from the executive and legislative powers, including the authority of judges to make judgment. In order for the judge's judgment to reflect a sense of legal justice for anyone, law enforcement must be supported by a strong institutional structure. The dualism of the status and position of judges occurs because on the one hand several laws stipulate judges as state officials, but on the other hand in practice and implementing regulations under the law, the status and position of judges are still like civil servants. This can be seen from the existence of identical position, and spatial class with civil servants as stipulated in Government Regulation Number 41 of 2002 concerning Promotions to Positions and Ranks of Judges and Government Regulation Number 46 of 2011 concerning Assessment of Work Performance of Civil Servants which also regulates judges. This dualism has implications for at least two things, namely first, related to the independence of judges or an independent judicial power. Independent judicial power can not only be resolved through institutional problems, namely unification of guidance under the Supreme Court, but also must clarify the status and position of judges so that they are no longer nuanced as civil servants, because it will indirectly affect patterns of bureaucratic performance as government apparatus. Second, the ambiguity of the status and position of judges affects welfare guarantees which can also have implications for independence and performance. Keywords: judges, judicial independence, state officials
ADAT INSTITUTIONS IN ACEH GOVERNMENT: A CONSTITUTIONAL PERSPECTIVE Abiyoso, Yunani; Abdillah, Ali; Wasti, Ryan Muthiara; Sujatnika, Ghurnarsa; Fakhri, Mustafa
Journal of Islamic Law Studies Vol. 4, No. 1
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

The existence of adat (customary law) in Indonesia becomes a source of value for the survival of the nation. Each region in Indonesia has different adat that can be used as a reference for the form of governmental system in Indonesia. The 1945 Constitution has recognized the existence of adat government that consisting of various forms of adat that have been adopted long before the 1945 Constitution existed. The existence of adat cannot be separated from national and Islamic values. This research was conducted to find out form of adat institution in Aceh and how the integration of such adat governance in local government system based into national law. Thus, to achieve the objectives, this study was conducted by normative juridical research method with historical approach and comparison with other indigenous peoples in Indonesia.
Mengenalkan Metode Empiris, Kuantitatif, dan Eksperimental Dalam Penelitian Hukum Tata Negara Abiyoso, Yunani
Jurnal Konstitusi & Demokrasi Vol. 5, No. 2
Publisher : UI Scholars Hub

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Abstract

Almost all constitutional law research applies the doctrinal method to analyze normative texts and legal logic. In the context of the development of constitutional law, this method has limitations in evaluating the effectiveness of legal norms in societal reality. This article proposes the need for a paradigm shift in the use of constitutional law research methods, which should not only rely on a doctrinal approach but also integrate empirical methods, to align the needs of constitutional law studies with the dynamics of the Indonesian state after 25 years of constitutional amendments. There are three alternative methods that can be integrated with the doctrinal method: the empirical method, the quantitative method, and the experimental method. Thru the application of various methods, constitutional law research is expected to present an analysis of normative texts based on empirical evidence to propose constitutional recommendations.