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Post-Sekularisme, Demokrasi, dan Peran Publik Agama Petrus Tan
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 20, No 1 (2021): Jurnal Ledalero Edisi Juni 2021
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

This article tries to elaborate the relationship between post-secularism, democracy and the public role of religion. The facts of religion’s global revival show the failure of secularization thesis about the disappearance of religion from the public sphere. In political philosophy and social sciences, this phenomenon is called post-secularism. In this article, post-secularism is understood as a phenomenon of religion’s revival in the public sphere or the legitimacy for public role of religion. This understanding is especially necessary to encourage religion in addressing political, social and humanitarian issues. However, this understanding does not ignore the fact that religion often becomes a scandal and terror for democracy. Therefore, in this article, post-secularism also needs another understanding, namely as "awareness of a reciprocal learning process" between religion and secularity, religious and secular citizens, faith and reason, religious doctrine and public reason. The last model of post-secularism is urgently needed in Indonesia.Key words: Post-secularism, secularization, religion, democracy.

Tirani Meritokrasi dan Reimajinasi Solidaritas: Sebuah Kajian Berdasarkan Perspektif Michael Sandel Petrus Tan
Jurnal Ledalero Vol 22, No 1 (2023): JURNAL LEDALERO EDISI JUNI 2023
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31385/jl.v22i1.332.1-19

This article presents Michael Sandel’s concept on the tyranny of meritocracy and reimagining of solidarity and itsrelevance in Indonesia. Meritocracy is a kind of ideology that believes that those who are successful deserve tobreathe their success to their heart’s content, while for those who fail, there is no one to blame but themselves.Sandel’s view is that this logic makes meritocracy undermines togetherness and solidarity as the ethical foundationof democracy. The more we think that our success is our own effort, and the poor people’s failure as their own fault,it is harder for us to imagine ourselves in someone else’s shoes. Meritocracy makes liberal society accepts as fairthe hierarchy between the rich and the poor, the smart and the stupid, or the successful and the unsuccessful. Thisbelief generates arrogance for the winners and contempt for the losers. For Sandel, Trump’s populism in the US is aform of rebellion against the tyranny of meritocracy. To counter the tyranny of meritocracy and cultivate theimagination of solidarity, we should propose the idea of humility as a public virtue. Humility is an acknowledgmentthat all our talents, achievements, and success are not the results of our own efforts but rather it depends on theresources of the community and society that accepts these talents and abilities.Keywords: Meritocracy, Solidarity, Liberalism, Community, Humility.

KRISIS METAFISIKA DAN FILSAFAT SEBAGAI TUGAS BERPIKIR: PERSPEKTIF HEIDEGGER Petrus Tan
Lumen Veritatis: Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi Vol 14 No 2 (2023): LUMEN VERITATIS: Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi | Oktober 2023
Publisher : Program Studi Filsafat Universitas Katolik Widya Mandira Kupang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30822/lumenveritatis.v14i2.2513

This article aims to reflect further Heidegger's thought on the crisis of metaphysics and philosophy as a task of thinking. Philosophy since ancient times, even today, has been oriented to seek and formulate the essential and universal concept. Is it true that searching for the ontotheological nature is the most important task of philosophy? Is it true that these single principles can reflect the truth? By using the method of library researh and critical analysis of Heidegger's works and studies on the crisis of metaphysics, this article shows that philosophy essentially does not aim to formulate absolute, universal and single notion. Philosophy is also not a project of producing standard, abstract, sophisticated and technical concepts. The important task of philosophy is to encourage men to think, an art of understanding. Thinking is not a calculative thinking (instrumental-technical rationality) but meditative and reflective thinking. Under philosophy as the task of thinking, Being, namely the totality of reality, is responded with amazement, humility and simplicity. Philosophy must liberate itself from the metaphysical trap of totalitarian power which tends to hegemonize others in the name of a single truth, to philosophy that celebrates the plurality of truths with humility dan simplicity. That is the real meaning of philosophy as philo-sophia, the love of wisdom.

Telaah filosofis tentang keadilan kontributif dan Martabat kerja manusia serta implikasinya bagi Paradigma ekonomi Petrus Tan; Yolinda Yanti Sonbay; Beatrix Yunarti Manehat
JURNAL LEDALERO Vol 22, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ledalero Edisi Desember 2023
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31385/jl.v22i2.380.120-142

Abstract This article aims to present the limitations of distributive justice theory as a conceptual foundation of the paradigm of the growth and prosperity in economy, and then proposing the idea of contributive justice and the dignity of human work as a new economic paradigm. Why is contributive justice important, and what is its relevance in the discourse of economic paradigm? By using the method of literature study and critical analysis, this article indicates that the idea of contributive justice is essential to overcome the lack of distributive justice. The distributive justice fails to understand that human labour is not only economic. Human labor is not just an instrument for consumption purpose. Human labour is essentially social and cultural. Based on the very idea of contributive justice, human labour is a source of individual self-social esteem, the way of contributing for common good and winning the social recognition from the society. Amid the global economic competition that intensifies the social and economic inequality, contributive justice offers the idea of dignity of human work as a new paradigm of economy. This article concludes that economic efforts in the 21st century, both in the global and in Indonesia, must considerthe dignity and value of human work.Key Words : Distributive justice; contributive justice; economy; the dignity of human work.

Telaah filosofis tentang keadilan kontributif dan Martabat kerja manusia serta implikasinya bagi Paradigma ekonomi Petrus Tan; Yolinda Yanti Sonbay; Beatrix Yunarti Manehat
JURNAL LEDALERO Vol 22, No 2 (2023): Jurnal Ledalero Edisi Desember 2023
Publisher : Institut Filsafat dan Teknologi Kreatif Ledalero

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31385/jl.v22i2.380.120-142

Abstract This article aims to present the limitations of distributive justice theory as a conceptual foundation of the paradigm of the growth and prosperity in economy, and then proposing the idea of contributive justice and the dignity of human work as a new economic paradigm. Why is contributive justice important, and what is its relevance in the discourse of economic paradigm? By using the method of literature study and critical analysis, this article indicates that the idea of contributive justice is essential to overcome the lack of distributive justice. The distributive justice fails to understand that human labour is not only economic. Human labor is not just an instrument for consumption purpose. Human labour is essentially social and cultural. Based on the very idea of contributive justice, human labour is a source of individual self-social esteem, the way of contributing for common good and winning the social recognition from the society. Amid the global economic competition that intensifies the social and economic inequality, contributive justice offers the idea of dignity of human work as a new paradigm of economy. This article concludes that economic efforts in the 21st century, both in the global and in Indonesia, must considerthe dignity and value of human work.Key Words : Distributive justice; contributive justice; economy; the dignity of human work.

Totalitarianisme, Banalitas Kejahatan dan Kebebasan Berpikir: Refleksi Bersama Hannah Arendt: Totalitarianism, the Banality of Evil and Freedom of Thought: Reflections with Hannah Arendt Tan, Petrus
Jurnal Filsafat Indonesia Vol. 7 No. 1 (2024)
Publisher : Undiksha

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.23887/jfi.v7i1.62413

This article aims to analyze further Hannah Arendt’s idea on the banality of evil and freedom to think by placing it back in its specific context namely the problem of totalitarianism. The main argument of this article is that the concept of the banality of evil can only be understood in terms of individual existence in totalitarian regime, or in a social and political atmosphere where freedom to think and creative imagination are hindered by totalitarian power. The method of this study is library research and critical analysis of primary literatures namely Arendt’s works, especially Eichmann in Jerusalem, and secondary literatures that discuss Arendt’s thought on the banality of evil. This study indicates that the banality of evil is a different type of evil that rises in a totalitarian regime when the moral status of evil is exceeded by the claims of normality or normativity. Therefore, thinking as dialogue with conscience can prevent someone to commit the banality of evil. Thus, overcoming the banality of evil requires both critical thinking capacity and a friendly political system to freedom of thought.

Double burden, ketimpangan gender, dan produktivitas kerja perempuan pemulung di Komunitas Pemulung Pasir Panjang Kota Kupang: A Double burden, gender inequality, and work productivity of women scavengers in the Pasir Panjang Scavenger Community, Kupang City Medho, Yohana Fransiska; Tan, Petrus; Bidi, Maximianus Ardon; Niron, Eusabius Separera
SOSIOHUMANIORA: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Sosial dan Humaniora Vol 11 No 1 (2025): February 2025
Publisher : LP2M Universitas Sarjanawiyata Tamansiswa

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.30738/sosio.v11i1.18987

Scavenging has been the object of scientific and academic research based on various scientific viewpoints worldwide. Still, the issue of the double burden that is experienced by women scavengers and its impact on gender inequality and women's productivity has received less attention. This research aims to explore further the effects of double burden or dual responsibility burdened by women scavengers in Komunitas Pemulung Pasir Panjang Kota Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), to gender inequality and the productivity of women scavengers in that community. This research employed a qualitative approach including field observation and in-depth interviews. This research has found that the phenomena of double burden does not liberate women scavengers from the patriarchal chain that binds and restrains them, but instead makes them increasingly dependent on men in the economic and financial dimension of household life. In addition, they are caught in a dilemma between maximizing the option of working outside the home or taking care of their domestic work. As a consequence of the long-standing and strong internalization of a false awareness about women's natural duties, those women scavengers do not think of this as an injustice but rather an obligation that must be carried out properly and consistently.

Multiply-Situated Self and the Role of Community: Reimagining Identity Based on the Communitarian Perspective of Michael Sandel: Diri Yang Terkondisi oleh Kemajemukan dan Peran Komunitas: Meninjau Kembali Identitas berdasarkan Perspektif Komunitarisme Michael Sandel Tan, Petrus
DISKURSUS - JURNAL FILSAFAT DAN TEOLOGI STF DRIYARKARA Vol. 21 No. 1 (2025): Diskursus - Jurnal Filsafat dan Teologi STF Driyarkara
Publisher : STF Driyarkara - Diskursus

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36383/diskursus.v21i1.667

Under the influence of unencumbered-self anthropology of liberalism, the role of community in forming individual identity in modern society is declining. Michael Sandel proposes a fundamental criticism of liberalism anthropology as the trigger for the tyranny of meritocracy, solidarity crisis, and social polarization in various democratic countries today. This research aims to analyze further the reimagination of identity in contemporary society using Sandel’s thoughts on the multiply-situated self and the role of community. The research uses a qualitative approach, namely a literature review and content analysis. This research indicates that each individual can realize freedom only in a community with shared values and projects of the common good. As a formative project, the common good is impossible to achieve through solitary reflection but rather through shared ethical reasoning and involvement within a community. The research concludes that multiply-situated self and community are the two elements of moral foundation in building a culture of cooperation and solidarity in democratic and plural society. Abstrak Akibat konsep ununcumbered-self dalam antropologi filosofis liberalisme, peran komunitas dalam mengkonstruksi identitas individu pada masyarakat modern kian merosot. Michael Sandel mengajukan kritik fundamental terhadap konsep liberalisme tersebut. Menurutnya, antropologi filosofis liberal adalah akar tirani meritokrasi, krisis solidaritas, dan polarisasi sosial dalam berbagai masyarakat demokratis hari ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggunakan perspektif filsafat komunitarian Sandel untuk menganalisis lebih lanjut tentang reimajinasi identitas dalam masyarakat kontemporer. Melalui pendekatan kualitatif, yaitu lewat review literatur dan analisis kritis, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa setiap individu dapat mewujudkan kebebasannya hanya dalam suatu komunitas yang memiliki nilai bersama dan komitmen pada kebaikan umum. Sebagai sebuah proyek formatif, kebaikan umum tidak mungkin dicapai melalui refleksi soliter melainkan hanya melalui penalaran etis secara kolektif dan tindakan bersama. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa multiply-situated self dan komunitas adalah fondasi moral dari budaya kerja sama dan solidaritas dalam setiap masyarakat demokratis dan plural, termasuk Indonesia. Kata-kata kunci: komunitarianisme, liberalisme, multiply-situated self, komunitas, demokrasi

The Body as Resistance: The Naked Body Movement of Women in Nusa Tenggara Timur as A Political Action from Hannah Arendt’s Perspective Tan, Petrus; Jegalus, Norbertus
International Journal of Indonesian Philosophy & Theology Vol. 6 No. 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Asosiasi Ahli Filsafat Keilahian Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47043/ijipth.v6i1.86

In recent years, the naked body movement as a form of women’s resistance against the expansion of the extractive industries in Nusa Tenggara Timur (NTT) has drawn less attention from academics. This movement significantly redefines women's public roles and drives social development. This research explores the meaning of women's naked body movement based on Hannah Arendt’s theory of action. This research uses a qualitative approach, including a literature review, a document study, and critical analysis. This study indicates that the women's naked body movement in NTT is a political action because it is challenging and subverting structural and political injustice, transforming the negative association of nudity into positive power. This movement transforms the woman's body from a laboring and working body to a political body. This politicization of sexuality has drawn public attention to the female body, making it a form of politics itself. The transformation redefines the female body as a powerful site of resistance against state authority, capitalist exploitation, and patriarchal control.

Rethinking the Deep Ecology: A Response to Climate Change Discourse from the Perspective of Pope Francis’ Laudato Si Tan, Petrus
GEMA TEOLOGIKA: Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual dan Filsafat Keilahian Vol. 10 No. 1 (2025): Gema Teologika: Jurnal Teologi Kontekstual dan Filsafat Keilahian
Publisher : Faculty of Theology Duta Wacana Christian University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21460/gema.2025.101.1335

AbstrakPerubahan iklim merupakan salah satu tantangan global terbesar di zaman kita, yang membawa sejumlah implikasi signifikan bagi manusia dan lingkungan. Namun, sementara perubahan iklim bersifat global,efek negatifnya yang paling parah dirasakan oleh orang-orang miskin di negara-negara miskin yang bergantung pada sumber daya alam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menanggapi isu perubahan iklim dengan mendalamikembali konsep deep ecology yang dikembangkan filsuf Norwegia, Arne Naess, dari perspektif ensiklik Laudato Si Paus Fransiskus. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif yang meliputi review literatur dan analisis kritis. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perubahan iklim adalah masalah kompleks yang berakar pada paradigma teknoratis dan antroposentrisme modern. Paradigma teknokratis memainkan peran penting dalam praktik konsumerisme dan sistem ekonomi neoliberal yang mengabaikan kebutuhan orang miskin dan menghancurkan lingkungan. Berbeda dari pemikiran Arne Naess, Laudato Si menawarkan perspektif baru deep ecology dengan beberapa prinsip pokok yang khas, yaitu nilai sakramental ciptaan, ketergantungan antarciptaan, global common good, solidaritas, dan egalitarianisme ekologis. AbstractClimate change is one of the greatest global challenges of our time, with significant implications for human’s life and the environment. However, while climate change is a global issue, its negative effects are most widely felt by the poor in developing countries that depend on natural resources. This research aims to elaborate on the issue of climate change by rethinking the deep ecology, a term coined by Norwegian philosopher, Arne Naess, from Pope Francis’ perspective in his encyclical, Laudato Si. This study uses a qualitative approach, namely a literature review and critical analysis. The research indicates that climate change is a complex issue rooted in the modern technocratic and anthropocentric view of the relationship between humans and the environment. This technocratic paradigm plays an important role in consumerist practices and a neoliberal economic system that abandons the poor and damages the environment. In Laudato Si, Pope Francis offers a new perspective of deep ecology with several main principles, including the sacramental and intrinsic value of creatures, the interdependence and interconnectedness between humans and nature, the global common good, solidarity, and ecological egalitarianism.

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