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C-Reactive Protein in Uncomplicated T2DM: Associations with Disease Duration and Lifestyle Purbasari, Euis; Erikardo, Oktadio; Nikmatullah, Nurul Azmah
Jurnal EduHealth Vol. 16 No. 02 (2025): Jurnal EduHealt, Edition April - June , 2025
Publisher : Sean Institute

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Abstract

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a silent killer that may progress to severe complications without overt early symptoms. It arises from insulin secretion defects, insulin resistance, or both, resulting in chronic hyperglycemia. Prolonged hyperglycemia induces metabolic stress and systemic inflammation, exacerbated by modifiable lifestyle factors. Detecting subclinical inflammation (even in uncomplicated T2DM) is critical for timely intervention. We evaluated serum C-Reactive Protein (CRP), a hepatic inflammatory marker, in uncomplicated T2DM patients, assessing its links to disease duration and lifestyle. This cross-sectional analytical study enrolled 37 uncomplicated T2DM patients under routine care. CRP was quantified via latex agglutination; demographic/behavioral data were collected via questionnaires. CRP positivity occurred in 29.7% of patients (n=11), predominantly women (59.5%), aged 41-50 (62.2%), with T2DM duration <5 years (64.9%). CRP levels correlated significantly with disease duration (p = <0.001) and smoking (p = 0.016) but not diet (p = 0.580) or physical activity (p = 0.163). Nearly one-third of uncomplicated T2DM patients exhibited elevated CRP, strongly associated with disease duration and tobacco exposure (active or passive). CRP may serve as an early warning biomarker, urging tighter control of modifiable environmental and behavioral risks.
Risk Factors and Relationship Erithrocyte Sediment Rate (ESR) in Hypertension Satisfactions Azmah Nikmatullah, Nurul; Aprilia, Nisa; Erikardo, Oktadio; Purbasari, Euis; Wirman, Adia Putra
HEALTH SCIENCE & BIOMEDICAL JOURNAL Vol. 1 No. 1 (2025): April 2025 : Health Science & Biomedical Journal (HSBJ)
Publisher : Literasi Indonesia Emas (PT)

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Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension, defined as blood pressure greater than 140/90 mmHg, is a major public health issue globally. Several factors contribute to hypertension, including smoking, obesity, family history, co-morbidities, and the duration of hypertension. Monitoring blood pressure and associated markers such as the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) is critical to detect tissue damage and prevent complications. ESR serves as an important screening tool for the acute phase response and chronic diseases. Objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship between hypertension risk factors and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) levels. Method: This research employed a cross-sectional design with an experimental approach. Blood sedimentation rates were measured using the automatic vision-b method on blood samples with EDTA anticoagulant. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney statistical test. Result: The results showed no significant relationship between age and gender with ESR levels (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant relationship between smoking, obesity, history of hypertension, co-morbidities, duration of hypertension, and elevated ESR levels (p < 0.05) in hypertensive patients at the Health Center in Duren Sawit District. Conclusion: Certain risk factors such as smoking, obesity, history of hypertension, co-morbidities, and the duration of hypertension are associated with increased erythrocyte sedimentation rates in hypertensive patients, while age and gender are not significantly related.