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Journal : journal of advanced computer knowledge and algorithms

AI-based Phishing Attacks on University Networks: A Systematic Literature Review and Defense Framework Saidamin Sajid; Abdul Wajid Fazil; Musawer Hakimi
Journal of Advanced Computer Knowledge and Algorithms Vol. 3 No. 2 (2026): Journal of Advanced Computer Knowledge and Algorithms - April 2026
Publisher : Department of Informatics, Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jacka.v3i2.26650

Abstract

Phishing continues to be a major issue not only affecting the internet users but also being a big problem for the cybersecurity world; university networks are the most probable attack targets due to their open infrastructures, diverse user population, and limited security resources. The breakthrough in artificial intelligence (AI), notably large language models, has not only made phishing attacks more sophisticated and realistic but also envisioning new defense techniques based on machine learning and natural language processing. This current research report is a systematic literature review (SLR) of 53 academic studies that examine the dual aspect of AI in promoting and hindering phishing attacks in higher education institutions (HEIs). The review reveals three prominent points: emails sent by AI are increasingly real and adaptable; AI-based detection systems are very effective in laboratory-like conditions but struggle against new and adversarial attacks; and human factors like lack of user awareness and slow incident reporting are still the main vulnerabilities. The research then proposes a multi-layered defense framework that includes infrastructure strengthening, AI detection, human-centered awareness training, incident response mechanisms, and governance policies. This framework provides a practical roadmap for HEIs to boost their cybersecurity resilience and play a part in the sustainable growth of the university.
The Role of Information Technology in Revitalizing Afghanistan’s Position along the Historical and Modern Silk Road Abdulsattar Rahimi; Abdul Ahad Radmanesh; Musawer Hakimi
Journal of Advanced Computer Knowledge and Algorithms Vol. 3 No. 4 (2026): Journal of Advanced Computer Knowledge and Algorithms - October 2026
Publisher : Department of Informatics, Universitas Malikussaleh

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29103/jacka.v3i4.30499

Abstract

Afghanistan sits where the northern, southern and western branches of the Silk Road once met, and for most of two thousand years that position paid for itself in trade, taxes and ideas. Today the country is landlocked, thinly connected digitally and exposed to border closures that can idle a corridor within days. This paper asks what information technology (IT) can realistically do to restore Afghanistan’s role as a connector between Central, South and West Asia. The study combines a structured review of historical and economic literature, an examination of recent connectivity data, a three-layer framework linking digital infrastructure to corridor performance, and a transparent scenario calculation that converts saved transit days into tariff equivalents using published estimates. The review suggests that Afghan cities were historically information and trust nodes as much as trading posts. Current data show that about one in four Afghans was online at the end of 2025, against roughly three in four worldwide. The scenario calculation indicates that each day removed from a journey is worth 0.6 % to 2.1 % of cargo value, so a three-day reduction in border delay equals a tariff cut of 1.8 % to 6.3 %. Electronic customs and cargo tracking offer the best balance of impact and feasibility, while a single window, interoperable payments, redundant fibre links and cross-border data exchange are larger, slower goals. IT cannot replace roads, railways or political agreement, but it is the quickest and cheapest way to make existing corridors work better.