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A Study of the NGF Gene Intron in the Philippine Scrubfowl (Megapodius cumingii) from Kabetan Island, Central Sulawesi Wayan Windyawati; I Made Budiarsa; Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti; Manap Trianto; Abdul Ashari; I Nengah Kundera
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1353-1361

Abstract

The Philippine scrubfowl (Megapodius cumingii) is a bird species that utilizes environmental heat to incubate its eggs and has a wide geographic distribution across various habitats, including coastal forests, coastal areas, and small islands. This study aimed to describe and analyze the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of Megapodius cumingii based on the Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) gene. Genomic DNA was isolated from blood samples of M. cumingii using the gSYNC™ DNA Extraction Kit (Geneaid) protocol and subsequently amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with the forward primer AllNGF5' and reverse primer AllNGF3'. Sequence data were analyzed using BLAST to determine their similarity to reference sequences available in GenBank. Genetic diversity was assessed using DnaSP v6.12.03, while phylogenetic reconstruction was performed using MEGA 11 based on the Neighbor-Joining (NJ) method with the Kimura 2-Parameter model. The results showed that the nucleotide composition consisted of Adenine (A) 29.3%, Thymine (T) 19.8%, Cytosine (C) 26.9%, and Guanine (G) 24.1%, with a G+C content (51.0%) slightly higher than the A+T content (49.0%). Genetic diversity analysis revealed a haplotype diversity value of 0.533 ± 0.172 and a nucleotide diversity value of 0.00145 ± 0.00047. Phylogenetic reconstruction produced a consistent tree topology across two outgroup models, with all M. cumingii samples forming a single clade supported by high bootstrap values (99–100%). The phylogenetic relationships among M. cumingii samples from Kabetan Island, Tolitoli, were very close, as indicated by genetic distance values ranging from 0.000 to 0.003.
Analysis of Vitamin C Content in Ruku-Ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) Leaves Salbia Salbia; Fatmah Dhafir; Abdul Ashari; Musdalifah Nurdin; Amalia Buntu; Manap Trianto
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1475-1480

Abstract

Ruku-ruku (Ocimum tenuiflorum L.) is widely recognized as a medicinal plant used in traditional medicine. The leaves are the most commonly utilized part of the plant, particularly for treating various health conditions such as fever, cough, joint and nerve pain, oral ulcers, tinea versicolor, nausea, and vomiting. Ruku-ruku leaves contain various essential nutrients, including calcium, iron, zinc, vitamin A, and vitamin C. This study aimed to determine the vitamin C content of ruku-ruku leaves. The research employed a quantitative descriptive method using the iodimetric titration technique. The samples consisted of young, mature, and old leaves collected from Tulo Village, Sigi Regency, Indonesia. Vitamin C content was measured with three replications for each sample. The results showed that the highest vitamin C content was found in young leaves, with an average value of 70.89 mg/100 g, followed by mature leaves at 54.18 mg/100 g and old leaves at 33.80 mg/100 g. Differences in vitamin C content were influenced by the level of leaf maturity, with younger leaves containing higher concentrations of vitamin C than older leaves.