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The Effect of Implementation of Independent Curriculum on Motivation and Performance of Biology Teachers in Public High Schools Abdul Ashari; Amalia Buntu; Rafiqah; Nurul Afiat
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 11 No 3 (2025): March
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jppipa.v11i3.9298

The Independent Curriculum is an educational innovation aimed at providing schools with the flexibility to determine an educational model that fits local needs and the characteristics of students. This study aims to describe the impact of the implementation of the Independent Curriculum on the motivation and performance of biology teachers in public high schools in Palu City. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, to be conducted in 10 public high schools across Palu City. The sample consists of 20 biology teachers from these high schools. The instrument used in the study is an open-ended questionnaire on three aspects: the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, motivation, and performance. For the implementation aspect, there are 16 questions from 3 indicators, for motivation there are 16 questions from 2 indicators, and for performance there are 27 questions from 3 indicators. Tests for validity and reliability, normalcy, linearity, and hypothesis testing with Simple Regression Analysis are all included in the study. Based on the research findings and hypothesis testing, it can be concluded that the implementation of the independent curriculum has a significant and positive effect on the motivation and performance of biology teachers in public high schools in Palu City, with a significance value of 0.000, where <0.05. Furthermore, the results acquired might be used as a foundation for studies on the biology education process under Independent Curriculum.

Analysis of Nutritional Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Yogurt Enriched with Butterfly Pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) Extract Yulia Windarsih; I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; Akram Akram; Abdul Ashari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.831-841

The growing demand for functional foods has encouraged the development of dairy products enriched with natural bioactive ingredients to improve nutritional value and health benefits. This study aimed to analyze the nutritional composition and antioxidant activity of yogurt enriched with butterfly pea (Clitoria ternatea L.) extract. Yogurt was prepared from fresh goat milk with varying concentrations of butterfly pea extract and evaluated for protein, fat, carbohydrate, moisture, ash, vitamin C contents, antioxidant activity, and sensory acceptance. Proximate analysis, UV–Vis spectrophotometry, and the DPPH method were used for chemical determinations, while a hedonic test assessed color, taste, aroma, and texture. Results showed that increasing butterfly pea extract significantly decreased protein and fat contents but increased vitamin C and antioxidant activity, with the highest values observed in yogurt containing 60% extract and 4% formulation (N60K2). Moisture and ash contents were not significantly affected. Sensory evaluation indicated that yogurt with 60% extract and 2% formulation (N60K1) was preferred regarding color, taste, aroma, and texture. Considering compliance with the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) and consumer acceptance, N60K1 was the optimal formulation. The findings suggest that butterfly pea extract can enhance the functional properties of yogurt, particularly its antioxidant potential, while maintaining acceptable sensory quality. This provides insights for developing functional dairy products with natural plant-based bioactives.

The Effectiveness of Honey Purity Testing from Several Regions in Central Sulawesi Province I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; Akram Akram; Yulia Windarsih; Abdul Ashari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 14, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2025.142.1231-1240

Honey is a valuable natural product with nutritional, medicinal, and economic importance, but its high commercial value makes it prone to adulteration, which threatens consumer trust and product quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of simple purity tests in identifying adulteration in honey samples collected from several regions in Central Sulawesi Province. A total of 12 honey samples from different bee species and floral sources were analyzed using seven tests, namely solubility, cloudiness and foam, heating, hexagonal pattern, seepage, raw fish, and onion tests. The results showed that most tests successfully distinguished pure honey from adulterated samples. Specifically, the solubility, cloudiness and foam tests, as well as heating, and raw fish tests indicated that 66.67% of the samples were pure, while the hexagonal pattern, seepage, and onion tests confirmed purity in all samples (100%). These findings demonstrate that simple, low-cost methods can provide reliable initial screening of honey purity and are suitable for routine use in local communities where advanced laboratory facilities are limited. The application of these tests is expected to support honey quality assurance, protect consumer trust, and promote the sustainable development of the beekeeping industry in Central Sulawesi.

The Influence of the Problem-Based Learning Model on Metacognitive Knowledge and Science Learning Outcomes Gamar B. N. Shamdas; Abd. Hakim Laenggeng; Abdul Ashari; Rizka Fardha
Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan IPA Vol 10 No 3 (2024): March
Publisher : Postgraduate, University of Mataram

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Metacognitive knowledge refers to what is known about memory function and the strengths and weaknesses of one's own cognition. This research aims to describe the influence of the problem-based learning model on the metacognitive knowledge and learning outcomes of class IX junior high school students. The research was carried out on Class IX students of Palu City Middle School, the entire population of Class IX consisted of three classes with a total of 45 students. Two classes were used as samples determined based on purposive sampling. Metacognitive knowledge data was obtained through questionnaires and learning outcome data through essay and multiple choice tests. Data analysis used an independent t-test with the help of SPPS version 25.0. The results showed that metacognitive knowledge with conventional learning was significantly lower than the PBL class with a gain of t(25) = 9.289, p < 0.000 and learning outcomes in the conventional class were significantly lower than the PBL class with a gain of t(25) = 4.520, p < 0.000. The conclusion of this research is that there is an influence of the problem-based learning model on the metacognitive knowledge and learning outcomes of class IX SMP students

Genetic Variation and Phylogenetic Analysis of Philippine Scrubfowl (Megapodius cumingii) Based on Mitochondrial NADH Dehydrogenase Subunit 2 (ND2) Gene Jihan Winarti; I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; I Nengah Kundera; Mursito S. Bialangi; Abdul Ashari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.433-442

Central Sulawesi is one of the provinces in Indonesia with high avian diversity, including the Philippine scrubfowl (Megapodius cumingii). This species belongs to the family Megapodiidae and is distributed in the Philippines, parts of eastern Borneo, and several small islands in Indonesia. This study aimed to analyze the genetic variation and phylogenetic relationships of Megapodius cumingii from Poat Island based on sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene. Genomic DNA extracted from blood samples of the Philippine scrubfowl was isolated using the gSYNC™ DNA Extraction Kit (Geneaid), amplified using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method with primers L5145 (forward) and H6394 (reverse), and visualized by 1% agarose gel electrophoresis. The PCR products were purified using the QIAquick PCR Purification Kit. Sequence data were analyzed using BLAST for species confirmation, DnaSP v6.12.03 for genetic variation analysis, and MEGA 11 for phylogenetic tree reconstruction using the Maximum Likelihood and Neighbor-Joining methods. The results showed that the 1.072 base pair ND2 gene sequences generated three haplotypes, with a haplotype diversity value of 0.667 and a nucleotide diversity of 0.00249. The nucleotide base composition of the ND2 gene was dominated by A+T (52.03%) compared to G+C (47.95%). Phylogenetic tree reconstruction using both methods produced consistent topologies, in which all Megapodius cumingii samples from Poat Island formed a monophyletic clade with high bootstrap support, indicating strong and stable genetic relationships.

Identification of Salmonella spp. Contamination in Gado-Gado Sold Around the Tadulako University Campus Pebi Angreni; I Nengah Kundera; Yulia Windarsih; Mohammad Jamhari; Vita Indri Febriani; Abdul Ashari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.787-793

Salmonella spp. are Gram-negative rod-shaped bacteria commonly found in the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals and are recognized as one of the major causes of foodborne diseases. This study aimed to identify the presence of Salmonella spp. in gado-gado sold in the canteens of Tadulako University. This research employed a descriptive exploratory laboratory design. Samples were collected from five different canteens using a random sampling technique. Microbiological analyses were conducted through presumptive and confirmatory tests using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, Total Plate Count (TPC), Gram staining, cultivation on selective Salmonella–Shigella Agar (SSA), and biochemical testing using Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA). The MPN results showed an average value of 4,900 MPN/mL of sample, while the TPC reached 35,800/ml sample. These values indicate that the food product does not meet the microbiological safety standards established by the Indonesian Ministry of Health, as the TPC exceeds the maximum permissible limit of 104 CFU/mL.

Identification of Escherichia coli in Ice Dawet Sold in the Palu City Area Yosphita Sevianti; I Nengah Kundera; Musdalifah Nurdin; Yulia Windarsih; Abdul Ashari; Mohammad Jamhari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.795-801

Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative bacterium from the family Enterobacteriaceae found in the human body and is used as an indicator of hygiene in water, food, or beverages. The purpose of this study was to identify the presence of E. coli in ice dawet sold in the Palu City area. This study used a descriptive-exploratory design with the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, Total Plate Count (TPC), and biochemical testing using Triple Sugar Iron Agar (TSIA) medium. Samples were collected from five locations in the Palu City area using simple random sampling. Based on the results, the Most Probable Number (MPN) test produced an average value of 18.700 MPN/mL of sample, while the Total Plate Count (TPC) test showed an average value of 26.800 CFU/mL of sample, indicating that the samples did not meet the standards set by the Indonesian National Standard (SNI) under the Ministry of Health, which states that the maximum allowable microbial contamination in beverages is 0/100 mL. Confirmatory tests on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar showed colony growth with a metallic green sheen and reddish coloration, characteristic of Gram-negative bacilli. The results of the Triple Sugar Iron Agar biochemical test were positive, indicating biochemical characteristics consistent with E. coli. Therefore, the findings confirm the presence of E. coli in the analyzed samples.

Major Royal Jelly Protein 2 (mrjp2) Gene in Apis cerana from Central Sulawesi, Indonesia I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; Akram Akram; Yulia Windarsih; Abdul Ashari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.39-44

Indonesia is recognized as one of the world’s biodiversity hotspots, supporting a wide range of pollinating insects, including honey bee species of the genus Apis. Among these, Apis cerana is the most widely managed species and contributes significantly to national honey production, particularly in Sulawesi. However, the increasing economic value of honey has led to frequent cases of entomological origin fraud, in which honey is falsely labeled as being produced by a different bee species. This study aimed to determine the entomological origin of honey sold in Central Sulawesi using the Major Royal Jelly Protein 2 (mrjp2) gene as a molecular marker. Seven honey samples claimed as “forest honey” were analyzed through DNA extraction, PCR amplification using species-specific primers (CF-CR), and sequencing followed by BLAST-n analysis. All samples yielded high-quality DNA with purity ratios appropriate for PCR amplification. PCR successfully amplified the mrjp2 gene, producing fragments of approximately 201-208 bp, consistent with the expected size for A. cerana. Sequence analysis showed percent identity values ranging from 99.20% to 100% when compared with reference sequences of A. cerana. Based on molecular verification, three samples (H3, H5, and H7) did not match the seller’s claims and were confirmed to originate from A. cerana rather than A. dorsata binghami. These findings demonstrate that sequencing of the mrjp2 gene is an effective and reliable approach to authenticate the entomological origin of honey and to detect fraudulent labeling in commercial honey products.

Identification of Escherichia coli in Gado-Gado Sold Around Tadulako University Nur Amal; I Nengah Kundera; Syech Zainal; Yulia Windarsih; Rafiqa Rafiqa; Abdul Ashari
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.779-786

Escherichia coli is a pathogenic bacterium that has the potential to contaminate food. Certain strains of E. coli exhibit pathogenic properties and may cause infections in hosts. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in food is a critical concern in food safety. This study aimed to identify the presence of E. coli in gado-gado sold in the canteens of Tadulako University. This research employed a descriptive exploratory laboratory approach. Samples were collected from five different canteens using random sampling techniques. Microbiological analyses were conducted using the Most Probable Number (MPN) method, Total Plate Count (TPC), Gram staining, cultivation on selective Eosin Methylene Blue Agar, and biochemical testing using Triple Sugar Iron Agar. The results showed that the average Most Probable Number was 4,900 MPN /mL of sample, while the Total Plate Count averaged 35,800 CFU/mL. This TPC value exceeds the standard set by the Indonesian Food and Drug Authority (BPOM) of 104 CFU/g, indicating that the food products do not meet the required health standards. Confirmatory tests on Eosin Methylene Blue Agar showed colony growth with a metallic green sheen and reddish coloration, characteristic of Gram-negative bacilli. Biochemical testing on Triple Sugar Iron Agar yielded positive results consistent with the biochemical characteristics of E. coli. Therefore, the findings confirm the presence of E. coli in the analyzed samples.

Phylogenetic Relationships of Grasshoppers (Orthoptera) in Rice Field Ecosystems of Parigi Moutong Regency Based on Morphological Characters Mia Pinasti Azizah; I Made Budiarsa; Manap Trianto; I Nengah Kundera; Abdul Ashari; Zulaikhah Dwi Jayanti
Biology, Medicine, & Natural Product Chemistry Vol 15, No 1 (2026)
Publisher : Sunan Kalijaga State Islamic University & Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14421/biomedich.2026.151.1045-1053

Grasshoppers are insects belonging to the order Orthoptera, which comprises a highly diverse group of species distributed across various ecosystems, including agricultural habitats such as rice fields. This study aimed to analyze the phylogenetic relationships among Orthopteran grasshoppers inhabiting rice field ecosystems in Parigi Moutong Regency based on morphological characters and to describe the clustering patterns of the species identified in the area. Sampling was conducted in rice fields using an exploratory survey method with free collection techniques. Species identification was carried out through the examination of morphological characteristics using biodiversity references and taxonomic identification keys. Phylogenetic relationships were analyzed using the Unweighted Pair-Group Method with Arithmetic Average (UPGMA) implemented in the PAleontological STatistics software (PAST 4.03), while Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was performed and visualized in a biplot to support the clustering results. A total of nine grasshopper species were identified: Phaneroptera falcata, Oxytauchira brachyptera, Scudderia texensis, Atractomorpha crenulata, Tettigonia viridissima, Conocephalus fuscus, Phlaeoba infumata, Oxya serville, and Phlaeoba fumosa. The phylogenetic analysis grouped the species into two major clusters with three levels of relationship. A very close relationship was observed between Phlaeoba infumata and Phlaeoba fumosa (similarity index [SI] = 91%). A close relationship was found between the subclusters consisting of Atractomorpha crenulata, Phlaeoba infumata, and Phlaeoba fumosa, and those consisting of Oxytauchira brachyptera and Oxya serville (SI = 62%). In contrast, a more distant relationship was observed between Conocephalus fuscus and the group comprising Scudderia texensis, Phaneroptera falcata, and Tettigonia viridissima (SI = 47%). These phylogenetic patterns were supported by the PCA biplot, in which P. fumosa, P. infumata, O. serville, and O. brachyptera were positioned within the same component, whereas S. texensis, P. falcata, and T. viridissima occupied different regions, and C. fuscus was clearly separated from the other species. This study provides scientific information on morphology-based phylogenetic relationships among grasshopper species in rice field ecosystems, which may serve as a foundation for taxonomic studies and as a reference for biology education concerning grasshopper phylogeny.

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