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Export Prohibition on Cultural Heritage Objects in NIAC: Study of Tangerang City Under Humanitarian Law Permanasari, Arlina; Nurbaiti, Siti; Notoprayitno, Maya Indrasti; Ramadhan, Nursyahrani Tiara
International Journal of Law Reconstruction Vol 9, No 2 (2025): International Journal of Law Reconstruction
Publisher : UNISSULA

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26532/ijlr.v9i2.47704

Abstract

Protecting cultural heritage during non-international armed conflicts remains a significant challenge for the enforcement of International Humanitarian Law, especially given the rising instances of intentional or accidental destruction of cultural sites in recent decades. This study aims to explores the role of national legal mechanisms and analyzes the legal consequences of cultural heritage preservation, emphasizing its economic aspects. This research applies normative legal methods to analyze a range of international instruments, including the 1954 Hague Convention, the 1999 Second Protocol, and UN Security Council Resolution 2347 (2017), along with soft law sources such as Customary IHL and the 2024 Joint Declaration. The study's results indicate that applying international rules to the Indonesian national legal framework, particularly regarding the prohibition on exporting cultural heritage objects, can serve as a crucial preventive measure. However, at the national level, the Regulation still needs to be strengthened through more technical operational mechanisms, inter-agency cooperation, and the participation of individuals and indigenous peoples, based on international provisions that the world community has accepted.
Protection of Consumers with Disabilities in The Public Services Sector (Legal Comparative with Australia) Anggraini, Anna Maria Tri; Notoprayitno, Maya Indrasti
Journal of Consumer Sciences Vol. 8 No. 1 (2023): Journal of Consumer Sciences
Publisher : Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, Faculty of Human Ecology, IPB University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29244/jcs.8.1.1-14

Abstract

The existence of a consumer protection law and the ratification of the CRPD by the Indonesian government is expected to guarantee the safety and comfort of consumers, including persons with disabilities. Therefore, the problem of comparative regulation and institutional, as well as the supervision of the implementation of public services for persons with disabilities, is raised in Indonesia and Australia. Australia was chosen as a comparison because this country already has a comprehensive protection system for persons with disabilities and is fully committed to providing public service facilities. This research is a prescriptive normative research using secondary data consisting of primary legal materials and secondary legal materials. This study concludes that similar to Indonesia, the formation of regulations and policies in Australia in the public service sector for persons with disabilities has reached a technical level and is carried out in a coordinated manner between the center and the regions. The basic difference is that the institutional system that handles the planning, implementation, and supervision of public services for persons with disabilities in Indonesia is separated into various ministries and/or agencies so that it requires strengthening synergies at the central and regional levels so that the implementation of public services is guaranteed optimally.
The Prevalence Of Child Marriage: Comparitive Study Of Indonesia And Other South Asian States Retnowulandari, Wahyuni; Wangga, Maria Silvya Elisabeth; Notoprayitno, Maya Indrasti; Ahmad, Nadzriah
Jambura Law Review VOLUME 6 NO. 2 JULY 2024
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Gorontalo

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.33756/jlr.v6i2.24257

Abstract

Child marriage is a serious issue that has yet to be addressed by Indonesia. This practice severely affects the rights of the child and also Indonesian society as a whole. From a human rights perspective, child marriage is a form of gender-based violence. The causes of early marriage in Indonesia include pregnancy out of wedlock, which is also supported by westernized social life as well as the influence of the media, low education, economic factors and patriarchal culture. Meanwhile, other South Asian States such as India are influenced by economic violence against Muslim women perpetrated by their husbands. This practice in India has a detrimental impact on Muslim women's access to health services, educational attainment, social mobility, and employment opportunities. Furthermore, Bangladesh is affected by family poverty, while Pakistan is affected by financial shocks and school dropout rates. Although multiple factors causally affect the prevalence of child marriage, Indonesia and other South Asian States have shown that protective laws may help to lower the rates of child marriages and adolescent fertility. This article analyzes Indonesia's legal framework in efforts to protect child marriages and compares it with other South Asian States. The main issue of this paper is that early marriage violates the children's rights and both the Indonesian government and the international community should be obligated to combat early child marriage. The methodology employed by this article is a qualitative method of comparative legal case study, where secondary data such as books, articles, reports, online web sites, and court cases are analyzed. This article concludes that existing evidence shows that Indonesia and other South Asian states still lack in enforcement and monitoring delays to ensure the rights of the child and protect women. Alternative legal protection should be applied in order to ensure that women and children can gain access to higher education and hold their life in their own hands