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Journal : indonesian journal of applied physics

Exploring TiO2-PP as a Reusable Floating Photocatalyst for Humic Acid and Iron Removal in Peat Water Bintoro Siswo Nugroho; Asifa Asri; Yudha Arman
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 13, No 2 (2023): October
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v13i2.60342

Abstract

In this study, we fabricate TiO2-PP catalyst and analyze its use for peat water photodegradation. The photocatalyst is a thin layer of TiO2 deposited on the surface of polypropylene (PP) grains by the thermal milling method. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS) images indicate that the fabrication successfully deposited TiO2 particles on the PP grain surface homogeneously well. The results show that photocatalysis of peat water using TiO2-PP with solar irradiation is more effective than the UV lamp. After photocatalysis for 40 hours with solar irradiation, the humic acid content in peat water decreases significantly, accompanied by a decrease in Fe concentration. When being reused, TiO2-PP photocatalyst shows performance above 92% in the fourth iteration, while in the fifth iteration, the performance decreases to 83%. These results show that TiO2-PP has the potential to be applied as a reusable floating photocatalyst to reduce the humic acid and iron content in peat water.
Population Redistribution in a Continuously Driven Λ-Type Semiconductor Quantum Dot: Roles of Relaxation-Path Asymmetry And Off-Resonant Coupling Arik Ramadhan; Bintoro Siswo Nugroho; Asifa Asri; Azrul Azwar; Yudha Arman
INDONESIAN JOURNAL OF APPLIED PHYSICS Vol 16, No 1 (2026): April
Publisher : Department of Physics, Sebelas Maret University

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/ijap.v16i1.117075

Abstract

Semiconductor quantum dots (SQDs) exhibit optical responses that are strongly influenced by their internal level structure, relaxation pathways, and excitation intensity. This study investigates the time- and intensity-dependent population dynamics of a continuously driven single -type three-level SQD using the density-matrix formalism within the rotating-wave approximation. Dissipative processes are incorporated through Lindblad-type relaxation terms, while the transient and stationary responses are obtained, respectively, by numerical time integration and steady-state solution of the density-matrix equations. Special attention is given to the relaxation channel  and the off-resonant transition dipole moment . The results show that  primarily controls the transient redistribution route and the timescale required to reach the stationary regime, whereas the early oscillatory behavior remains dominated by the resonantly driven  transition. In the steady-state regime,  mainly determines how population leaving the upper state is partitioned between the two lower states, while  governs how readily the off-resonant  branch becomes active as the driving intensity increases. Consequently, the crossover from predominantly resonant two-level-like behavior to genuine three-level population redistribution is controlled by the combined action of relaxation-path asymmetry and off-resonant coupling strength. These findings provide a clearer mechanism-based interpretation of driven population redistribution in effective multilevel SQD systems.