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All Journal Nursing Care and Health Technology Journal (NCHAT) Jurnal An-Najat: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Jurnal Riset Ilmu Kesehatan Umum dan Farmasi Jurnal Sains Farmasi dan Kesehatan Galen: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Jurnal Ilmu Kedokteran dan Kesehatan Indonesia
Nerly Juli Pranita Simanjuntak
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Dentistry Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Neuroscience Nursing Physics Public Health Veterinary

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Journal : Galen: Jurnal Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan

 1 
Formulation of Abelmoschus manihot Leaf Gel Using Carbopol and HPMC and Antibacterial Activity Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Christina Amelia; Nerly Juli Pranita Simanjuntak; Erida Novriani
Galen: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Galen: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : PT Pustaka Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71417/galen.v1i2.18

Abstract

Diabetic foot ulcers are a chronic complication commonly experienced by patients with diabetes mellitus, often caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a pathogenic bacterium with high antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of varying concentrations of Carbopol 940 and HPMC bases on the physical characteristics and antibacterial activity of gedi leaf (Abelmoschus manihot) extract gel preparations. The extract was obtained through maceration using 70% ethanol. The gel was formulated into six different formulas: three with HPMC (1%, 2%, and 3%) and three with Carbopol 940 (0.5%, 1%, and 2%), each containing 10% extract. Evaluations included physical characteristics (organoleptic properties, homogeneity, pH, viscosity, spreadability, and stability) and antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa using the disk diffusion method. The results showed that all formulas met acceptable physical parameters. One-way ANOVA revealed a statistically significant difference in inhibition zone diameters among the formulas (p < 0.001). The formula containing 1% Carbopol exhibited the largest inhibition zone, indicating the most effective antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa. These findings suggest that gedi leaf extract gel has promising potential as an alternative topical therapy for diabetic foot infections.
Antibacterial Activity of Abelmoschus manihot L. Leaf Extract Ointment Against Pseudomonas aeruginosa Fani Lolyta Br Sihotang; Nerly Juli Pranita Simanjuntak; Razoki
Galen: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan Vol. 1 No. 2 (2025): Galen: Jurnal Riset Ilmu Farmasi dan Kesehatan
Publisher : PT Pustaka Cendekia Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71417/galen.v1i2.42

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from insulin resistance or deficiency. One of its severe complications is diabetic foot ulcers, which are prone to infection, especially by Pseudomonas aeruginosa—a Gram-negative opportunistic bacterium capable of forming biofilms and highly resistant to common antibiotics. This resistance complicates wound healing and increases the risk of amputation, emphasizing the need for alternative treatments. Abelmoschus manihot L. (Gedi leaves) contains bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, tannins, and phenolics, which are believed to possess antibacterial properties. This study aims to evaluate the potential of ethanolic Gedi leaf extract as an active ingredient in antibacterial ointment formulations. Ethanolic extracts were prepared and formulated into ointments at concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%. The formulations were tested for physical properties (pH, spreadability, organoleptic characteristics) and antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa using the disk diffusion method. Results showed that the ointments had a uniform semi-solid texture, a characteristic herbal aroma, green color, and pH values ranging from 6.3 to 6.7—suitable for topical application. Spreadability ranged between 4.1 cm and 5.3 cm. The inhibition zones for the 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% formulations were 6.67 mm, 8.00 mm, and 10.67 mm, respectively. No inhibition was observed with the negative control (DMSO), while the positive control (Bioplacenton) showed a 15.00 mm zone. In conclusion, Gedi leaf extract ointment demonstrated effective antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa, with consistent physical properties across all concentrations. These findings suggest its potential as a natural topical therapy for treating bacterial infections in diabetic foot ulcers.
Co-Authors Ana Fiske Hotmaida Simanjuntak Astriani Natalia Astriani Natalia Br Ginting Caroline Theodora Christina Amelia Dhea Lovita Nasution Erida Novriani Fani Lolyta Br Sihotang Finna Piska Hikmad Elsi Enoni Harefa Innaya Sabrina Sirait Jennie Try Varian Laoli Jesiska Muaratan Marini Marini Nadia Raihana Novi Erviana Harahap Nuraisyah Amanda Razoki Razoki , Razoki Razoki Razoki Razoki, Razoki Rena Meutia Simran Kaur Tasya Melisa Br Purba Yova aditiatama