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Income Inequality in a Democratic and Social Perspective in Indonesia Candra Mustika; Haryadi Haryadi; Junaidi Junaidi; Zamzami Zamzami
JEJAK: Jurnal Ekonomi dan Kebijakan Vol 16, No 2 (2023): September 2023
Publisher : Universitas Negeri Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15294/jejak.v16i2.36379

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the influence of the democracy index, aspects of civil liberties, aspects of political rights, and aspects of democratic institutions, crime rates, access to information from the internet, on inequality in income distribution. The research method used in this study is descriptive quantitative using panel data multiple regression analysis. This study uses panel data with objects from 34 provinces in Indonesia with a research period from 2014 to 2020. Based on the results of panel data regression with a random effects model, it shows that aspects of democracy both in general through the democracy index variable and specifically through the variable aspects of civil liberties, aspects of political rights and aspects of democratic institutions both have a positive and significant effect on income distribution inequality, as well as the variable number of criminal acts has a significant positive effect on income distribution inequality. Meanwhile, access to information has a significant negative effect on income distribution inequality.quality.

Determinants of poverty and income inequality on the islands of Sumatra and Java Candra Mustika; Rahma Nurjanah; Sylvia Kartika Wulan
JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia) Vol 9, No 3 (2023): JPPI (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Indonesia)
Publisher : Indonesian Institute for Counseling, Education and Theraphy (IICET)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29210/020231686

Poverty and inequality are the main problems faced by a country including Indonesia. The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the comparison of poverty and inequality levels on the islands of Sumatra and Java and to analyze the effect of the human development index (HDI), gross regional domestic product (GRDP), the level of open unemployment (TPT) and total population on poverty and income distribution inequality in Sumatra and Java. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with multiple regression analysis using panel data with provincial research objects on the islands of Sumatra and Java. Based on the results of the study, if you look at the comparison of the poverty rate on the island of Sumatra and Java, based on the data, it can be seen that the average poverty rate on the island of Sumatra is 10.6%, which is higher than the average poverty rate on the island of Java, which is 8.8%. while the level of inequality in income distribution on average in Sumatra is 0.327, lower than the average income distribution inequality in Java, which is 0.393. The regression results show that on the island of Sumatra the HDI variable has a significant negative effect on poverty and inequality, GRDP has a significant negative effect on poverty and poverty has a positive effect on inequality. TPT has a significant positive effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. Total population is not significant to poverty and inequality. While the regression results on the island of Java show that the HDI variable has a significant negative effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. GRDP has no significant effect on poverty and inequality. TPT has a significant positive effect on poverty and not significant on inequality. And population has no significant effect on poverty and inequality.

Peran Investasi, Belanja Modal Dan Pendapatan Asli Daerah (PAD) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Di Provinsi Jambi Andika Zia Ulhak; Siti Hodijah; Candra Mustika; Nurhayani .
JOURNAL OF SHARIA ECONOMICS Vol 7 No 2 (2025): Journal of Sharia Economics
Publisher : Program Studi Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Universitas Al Hikmah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35896/jse.v4i1.1253

This study aims to analyze the influence of investment, capital expenditure, and locally generated revenue (PAD) on economic growth in Jambi Province during the period of 2019–2024. Economic growth is measured through the Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices (ADHK) of 2010. The independent variables in this study include investment (domestic and foreign investment), government capital expenditure, and locally generated revenue. This research employs a quantitative approach using panel data analysis combining time series and cross-sectional data from all districts and cities in Jambi Province. The data were obtained from official institutions such as the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS), the Directorate General of Fiscal Balance (DJPK), and the Investment Coordinating Board (BKPM). Data analysis was conducted using panel data regression methods, involving three model tests: the Common Effect Model (CEM), Fixed Effect Model (FEM), and Random Effect Model (REM), along with the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests to determine the most appropriate model. The results indicate that investment, capital expenditure, and PAD each have a positive effect on economic growth in Jambi Province, both partially and simultaneously. Increased investment contributes to production capacity expansion and job creation; government capital expenditure supports the provision of public infrastructure and economic efficiency; while PAD enhances the fiscal capacity of local governments to finance sustainable development. Simultaneously, these three variables significantly influence GRDP growth, highlighting the synergy between fiscal policy and investment activities in strengthening Jambi’s economic structure. The findings emphasize the importance of optimizing public and private investment, improving the effectiveness of capital expenditure, and enhancing local fiscal independence to support inclusive and sustainable economic growth.

Analisis Determinan Tingkat Kepuasan Nasabah Bank Digital Aladin Syariah (Studi Pada Karyawan PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Kota Jambi) Amaluddin Efendi Harahap; Syaparuddin; Candra Mustika
JOURNAL OF SHARIA ECONOMICS Vol. 8 No. 1 (2026): Journal of Sharia Economics
Publisher : Program Studi Ekonomi Syariah, Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Islam, Universitas Al Hikmah Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35896/esqgdj87

This study aims to analyze the influence of religiosity, Islamic financial literacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust on customer satisfaction among Alfamart employees who use the services of Bank Aladin Syariah. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method through questionnaires distributed to 116 respondents selected using purposive sampling techniques. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software. The results of the study indicate that simultaneously religiosity, Islamic financial literacy, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and trust significantly influence customer satisfaction with Bank Aladin Syariah services. Partially, religiosity, perceived usefulness, and trust have a positive and significant effect on customer satisfaction, while Islamic financial literacy and perceived ease of use do not have a significant effect. Trust was found to be the most dominant variable influencing customer satisfaction, as indicated by the largest regression coefficient. The Adjusted R Square value of 72.8% indicates that customer satisfaction can be explained by the independent variables in this study, while the remaining 27.2% is explained by other variables outside the research model. The findings of this study indicate that trust, perceived usefulness, and religiosity play important roles in enhancing customer satisfaction in Islamic digital banking services. Therefore, Bank Aladin Syariah should improve system security, service quality, digital feature innovation, and maintain compliance with Islamic principles in order to increase customer satisfaction

Analisis Flypaper effect pada Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Perimbangan terhadap Belanja Daerah Kab/Kota di Provinsi Jambi Tahun 2017-2023 Alya Astrie Yonanda; Candra Mustika; Parmadi Parmadi
JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Juli : JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN
Publisher : CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59024/jise.v4i3.1939

This study aims to analyze the influence of Regional Original Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK), and Tax Revenue Sharing Fund (DBHP) on Regional Expenditure, as well as to analyze whether the flypaper effect phenomenon occurs in Regencies/Cities in Jambi Province during the 2017-2023 period. The data used in this study is panel data that combines time series data for 7 years and cross-section data from 11 Regencies/Cities in Jambi Province. The analysis method used is panel data regression with the selected model Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of the study show that simultaneously (F Test), the variables PAD, DAU, DAK, and DBHP have a significant effect on Regional Expenditure. Partially (t Test), PAD and DBHP do not have a positive and significant effect on Regional Expenditure, while DAU and DAK show a positive and significant effect on Regional Expenditure. This study also found a flypaper effect in regencies/cities in Jambi Province. This indicates that regional governments in Jambi Province tend to be more responsive in increasing regional spending using transfer funds from the central government rather than optimizing their own potential Regional Original Revenue (PAD).

Analisis Flypaper effect pada Pendapatan Asli Daerah dan Dana Perimbangan terhadap Belanja Daerah Kab/Kota di Provinsi Jambi Tahun 2017-2023 Alya Astrie Yonanda; Candra Mustika; Parmadi Parmadi
JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Juli : JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN
Publisher : CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59024/jise.v4i3.1939

This study aims to analyze the influence of Regional Original Revenue (PAD), General Allocation Fund (DAU), Special Allocation Fund (DAK), and Tax Revenue Sharing Fund (DBHP) on Regional Expenditure, as well as to analyze whether the flypaper effect phenomenon occurs in Regencies/Cities in Jambi Province during the 2017-2023 period. The data used in this study is panel data that combines time series data for 7 years and cross-section data from 11 Regencies/Cities in Jambi Province. The analysis method used is panel data regression with the selected model Fixed Effect Model (FEM). The results of the study show that simultaneously (F Test), the variables PAD, DAU, DAK, and DBHP have a significant effect on Regional Expenditure. Partially (t Test), PAD and DBHP do not have a positive and significant effect on Regional Expenditure, while DAU and DAK show a positive and significant effect on Regional Expenditure. This study also found a flypaper effect in regencies/cities in Jambi Province. This indicates that regional governments in Jambi Province tend to be more responsive in increasing regional spending using transfer funds from the central government rather than optimizing their own potential Regional Original Revenue (PAD).

ANALISIS DETERMINAN KETIMPANGAN PENDAPATAN ANTAR PROVINSI DI PULAU SUMATRA (STUDI KOMPARATIF PROVINSI KEPULAUAN RIAU DAN PROVINSI KEPULAUAN BANGKA BELITUNG) Yoga Fadhlih Sarwono; Zamzami; Candra Mustika
Ar-Rasyid: Jurnal Publikasi Penelitian Ilmiah Vol. 1 No. 6 (2025): Ar-Rasyid: Jurnal Publikasi Penelitian Ilmiah (Bulan Desember 2025)
Publisher : PT. Saha Kreasi Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.64788/ar-rasyid.v1i6.121

This study, entitled “Analysis of the Determinants of Income Inequality Between Provinces in Sumatra Island (A Comparative Study of Riau Islands Province and Bangka Belitung Islands Province)”, aims to analyze and compare the factors influencing income inequality among regencies/cities in Riau Islands Province and Bangka Belitung Islands Province during the 2019–2024 period. The variables used include economic growth, average years of schooling, open unemployment rate (OUR), and road infrastructure, with the Gini ratio as the indicator of income inequality. This study employs a quantitative method using panel data regression analysis. The results show that in Riau Islands Province, the economic growth variable has a negative and significant effect on income inequality, while education and unemployment have positive and significant effects. On the other hand, in Bangka Belitung Islands Province, road infrastructure and economic growth negatively affect income inequality, although with different levels of significance. This comparison indicates that economic growth and infrastructure equity are more effective in reducing income inequality in Bangka Belitung than in Riau Islands Province.

Determinan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi 34 Provinsi di Indonesia Tahun 2015-2022 Said Muhammad Fikri; Syamsurijal Tan; Candra Mustika
JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Juli : JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN
Publisher : CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59024/jise.v4i3.2188

Economic growth is an important indicator of regional development performance. This study aims to analyze the conditions of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), labor, the Gini ratio, and the Human Development Index (HDI) across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2015–2022, as well as to examine the influence of these variables on economic growth. The study employs secondary panel data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and related institutions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel data regression. Model selection was conducted through the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests, which identified the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the most appropriate estimation model. The results indicate that FDI has a positive but insignificant effect on economic growth. Labor and HDI have positive and significant effects, suggesting that employment opportunities and improvements in education, health, and living standards contribute to regional economic growth. The Gini ratio also shows a positive and significant relationship with economic growth during the study period. Simultaneously, FDI, labor, the Gini ratio, and HDI significantly influence economic growth, indicating that these variables collectively explain variations in regional economic performance across Indonesian provinces.

Determinan Pertumbuhan Ekonomi 34 Provinsi di Indonesia Tahun 2015-2022 Said Muhammad Fikri; Syamsurijal Tan; Candra Mustika
JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN Vol. 4 No. 3 (2026): Juli : JURNAL EKONOMI BISNIS DAN MANAJEMEN
Publisher : CV. ALIM'SPUBLISHING

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59024/jise.v4i3.2188

Economic growth is an important indicator of regional development performance. This study aims to analyze the conditions of economic growth, foreign direct investment (FDI), labor, the Gini ratio, and the Human Development Index (HDI) across 34 provinces in Indonesia during 2015–2022, as well as to examine the influence of these variables on economic growth. The study employs secondary panel data obtained from Statistics Indonesia (BPS) and related institutions. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and panel data regression. Model selection was conducted through the Chow, Hausman, and Lagrange Multiplier tests, which identified the Fixed Effect Model (FEM) as the most appropriate estimation model. The results indicate that FDI has a positive but insignificant effect on economic growth. Labor and HDI have positive and significant effects, suggesting that employment opportunities and improvements in education, health, and living standards contribute to regional economic growth. The Gini ratio also shows a positive and significant relationship with economic growth during the study period. Simultaneously, FDI, labor, the Gini ratio, and HDI significantly influence economic growth, indicating that these variables collectively explain variations in regional economic performance across Indonesian provinces.

ANALISIS PENGARUH HARGA, LUAS LAHAN, JAM KERJA, DAN MODAL TERHADAP PENDAPATAN PETANI KELAPA SAWIT DI KECAMATAN MENDAHARA KABUPATEN TANJUNG JABUNG TIMUR Syafira Amelia; Haryadi; Candra Mustika
Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi Vol. 3 No. 3 (2026): Jurnal Riset Multidisiplin Edukasi (Maret 2026)
Publisher : PT. Hasba Edukasi Mandiri

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.71282/jurmie.v3i3.1698

This study aims to: 1) determine and analyze the socio-economic characteristics of oil palm farmers in Mendahara District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency. 2) determine and analyze the influence of price, land area, working hours and capital on the income of oil palm farmers in Mendahara District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency. The analytical method used in this study is quantitative descriptive analysis. Quantitative analysis tools use multiple linear regression using SPSS. The population in this study are oil palm farmers in Mendahara District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency. Sampling used a simple random sampling method, resulting in a sample of 93 oil palm farmers in Mendahara District. The results of this study indicate that: 1) The majority of oil palm farmers are male, with an average age of 46.8 years, an average of 9 years of junior high school education, with an average number of dependents of 3 people, with the majority owning their own farming businesses, with an average length of farming for 19 years, with an average capital of Rp. 15,583,064, average income of Rp. 12,566,129, with an average operating hours of 7-8 hours, with an average land area of 2.8 hectares, and an average selling price of Rp. 2,415. 2) The results of the research conducted stated that the variables of price, land area, working hours, and capital simultaneously have a significant effect on the income variable of oil palm farmers in Mendahara District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency. Partially, the price and working hours variables have a negative and significant effect on the income variable of oil palm farmers in Mendahara District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency, and the variables of land area and capital have a positive and significant effect on the income variable of oil palm farmers in Mendahara District, East Tanjung Jabung Regency.

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