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All Journal Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Ridwan, Nur Fathurahman
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Phytoplasma Associated with White-backed Planthopper on Rice Plants in Sidrap Regency, South Sulawesi Abbas, Saipul; Djaya, Ernawati; Najamuddin, Erwin; Sebayang, Amelia; Rahman, Ayyub Ar; Aminah, Aminah; Hasbi, Hasbi; Sipi, Surianto; Ridwan, Nur Fathurahman; Ismayanti, Rini; Ibrahim, Elisurya
Jurnal Perlindungan Tanaman Indonesia Vol 28, No 1 (2024)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/jpti.84736

Abstract

South Sulawesi is one of the largest rice production centers in Indonesia. Several important diseases of rice plants, such as those caused by viruses and phytoplasmas, can be transmitted by insect vectors, especially leafhoppers and stem plant. Symptoms of diseases caused by viruses and phytoplasmas are quite diverse but visually similar and difficult to distinguish. This study aims to analyze the presence of phytoplasma associated with white-backed planthopper which are commonly found in rice plantations.  The research method used is by conducting surveys and explorations of insect samples in six villages in Sidrap District. White-back planthoppers found on rice plantations showing symptoms of yellowing and stunted leaves were sampled for further analysis, including total DNA isolation of insects, standard PCR amplification for insect and Nested-PCR for phytoplasma identification, gene sequencing for both amplicons, and nucleotide analysis using BLAST method and Mega X program. The PCR with CO1 primer successfully amplified a 700 bp amplicon from insects, whereas nested-PCR using fP1/rP7 primers followed by m23SR/R16F2n amplified phytoplasma supposedly around 1800 bp and 1250 bp of 16S RNA gene, respectively. The DNA sequencing analysis results indicate that the insect samples were identified as 83% Sogatella vibix species based on homology percentage analysis using BLAST and Mega X Program. As for the phytoplasma, it leans more towards the 16SrI group or Candidatus phytoplasma asteris (Aster yellows phytoplasma) with a homology percentage of 99%.
Molecular Mechanism of Trichoderma harzianum Secondary Metabolites in Inhibiting Cellulase Protein of Colletotrichum capsici Benatar, Gilang Vaza; Nurhayati, Yeyet; Ridwan, Nur Fathurahman; Aisyah, Aisyah
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 1 (2025): Januari - Maret
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i1.8475

Abstract

Fungal diseases in agriculture pose significant challenges to food security, necessitating sustainable biocontrol solutions. Trichoderma harzianum, a biocontrol agent, exhibits potent antifungal properties through its secondary metabolites. This study investigates the inhibitory mechanism of T. harzianum metabolites on the cellulase protein of Colletotrichum capsici, the causative agent of chili anthracnose, using molecular docking and dynamics simulations. The cellulase protein, crucial for plant cell wall degradation, was modeled through homology techniques, and its interactions with T, harzianum metabolites—cyanuric chloride, palmitinic acid, and massoia lactone—were analyzed. Massoia lactone demonstrated the highest inhibitory potential, with stable binding interactions confirmed through molecular dynamics. These findings provide insights into developing environmentally sustainable antifungal strategies. Further research is recommended to optimize the application of T. harzianum metabolites as biopesticides.
Computational Insights into the Antifungal Mechanisms of Coumarin and Hexanol from Ageratum conyzoides and Cyperus rotundus Against Colletotrichum spp Febryani, Noor; Benatar, Gilang Vaza; Hartini, Elya; Yulianto, Yanto; Hodiyah, Ida; Ridwan, Nur Fathurahman
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 26 No. 2 (2026): April - Juni
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v26i2.12269

Abstract

Chili anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum spp., remains a major threat to crop productivity and fruit quality worldwide. The increasing resistance of fungal pathogens to synthetic fungicides highlights the need for sustainable, plant-based alternatives. This study provides computational insights into the antifungal mechanisms of coumarin and hexanol, two major bioactive compounds derived from Ageratum conyzoides and Cyperus rotundus. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were employed to examine the interactions of these compounds with key Colletotrichum proteins, including calmodulin, PETFP cutinase complex, and chitin deacetylase. The docking results revealed that coumarin exhibited stronger binding affinities and more stable conformations within the enzyme active sites than hexanol, forming multiple hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions with catalytic residues. Molecular dynamics analyses further confirmed the structural stability and compactness of coumarin–protein complexes, indicating its potential to disrupt fungal enzymatic functions critical for pathogenicity. These findings suggest that coumarin, in particular, may serve as a promising lead compound for the development of eco-friendly antifungal agents. The study contributes to a molecular-level understanding of plant-derived antifungal mechanisms, supporting future research into the rational design and optimization of biofungicides for sustainable agriculture.
Co-Authors Aisyah Aisyah Amelia Sebayang Aminah Aminah Benatar, Gilang Vaza Djaya, Ernawati Elya Hartini, Elya Febryani, Noor Hasbi Ibrahim, Elisurya IDA HODIYAH Ismayanti, Rini Najamuddin, Erwin Nurhayati, Yeyet Rahman, Ayyub Ar Saipul Abbas sipi, Surianto Yulianto, Yanto