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PENERAPAN HUKUM INTERNASIONAL TERKAIT UNITED NATION FRAMEWORK CONVENTION ON CLIMATE CHANGE DALAM MENGHADAPI PERUBAHAN IKLIM Wendra, Muhammad; Sutrisno , Andri
Journal Evidence Of Law Vol. 2 No. 2 (2023): Journal Evidence Of Law (Agustus)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jel.v2i2.563

Sebagai salah satu isu internasional yang cukup serius, isu ini menarik perhatian global sejak dampak dan risikonya mulai dirasakan pada tahun 1960-an. Isu perubahan iklim adalah salah satu dari ketiga isu utama permasalahan global setelah isu ekonomi dan keamanan. Bagaimana tidak, isu perubahan iklim ini juga menyangkut terkait ekonomi dan keamanan internasional. Perubahan iklim merupakan suatu permasalahan yang cukup kompleks. Permasalahan ini menimbulkan dampak dan risiko yang beragam. Dampak dan risiko tersebut mulai dari naiknya suhu udara, naiknya permukaan air laut, serta kekeringan yang menyebabkan kekurangan pangan. Dalam menangani masalah ini, internasional berupaya membangun kerja sama dalam menghadapinya. Dengan membangun United Nanion Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) sebagai lembaga internasional yang secara yuridis juga menangani terkait permasalahan perubahan iklim. UNFCCC ditandatangani oleh 154 negara pada tahun 1992 ketika diadakan konferensi Tingkat Tinggi (KTT) Bumi di Rio de Janeiro Brazil. Untuk memperkuat kerja sama tersebut, UNFCCC membuat kebijakan mengenai negara-negara anggota dalam bentuk kesepakatan atau perjanjian, yakni Protokol Kyoto (Protocol Kyoto 1997) yang kemudian diganti oleh Perjanjian Paris (Paris Agreement 2015). Kedua kesepakatan tersebut sama-sama berlaku secara yuridis sebagai sebuah peraturan mengenai perubahan iklim. Sehingga penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, yakni metode penelitian hukum yang bersumber dari berbagai bahan kajian hukum yang ada termasuk di dalamnya ialah kebijakan-kebijakan dalam Perjanjian Paris. Untuk itu, dalam menghadapi permasalahan terkait dengan perubahan iklim diperlukan kerja sama yang saling mengikat secara yuridis dengan menerapkan Hukum Internasional sebagai wadah yang mengikat global dalam menghadapi perubahan iklim.

Tantangan Penyelesaian Konflik Internasional yang Dilematik mengenai Hak Veto dalam Dewan Keamanan PBB (Studi kasus Palestina dengan Israel) Wendra, Muhammad; Sutrisno, Andri
Journal of Contemporary Law Studies Vol. 1 No. 3 (2024): Mei
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/lawstudies.v2i2.2373

This research aims to explore and contribute to the understanding of the misuse of the veto power in resolutions for international conflict resolution. The focus is on describing the challenges arising from the use of the veto power in the UN Security Council, often prolonging conflicts without a definitive resolution. The research methodology employed is juridical normative with descriptive analysis, referring to provisions in the UN Charter and other reliable literature. The findings highlight that the abolition of the veto power in the UN Security Council could serve as a solution for more effective conflict resolution. Prolonged international conflicts result in significant losses, especially for civilians, while the UN, as the largest international organization, frequently fails to resolve these conflicts. The main issue lies in the rejection of resolutions by veto-wielding states, leading to the failure of these resolutions and the continuation of conflicts. Structural reforms within the UN are crucial to enhance its performance in conflict resolution to prevent further casualties. The unbridled use of the veto power, based on the geopolitical considerations of certain states, slows down the conflict resolution process. Additionally, the power disparity between veto-wielding states and other members contradicts the principle of sovereign equality enshrined in the UN Charter. Therefore, clear criteria must be established for the use of the veto power in peace resolutions to ensure that conflict resolution is not hindered by purely geopolitical interests.

Legal Protection of Refugee Children Viewed from the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees : (Case Study of Human Rights of Children in Palestine) Wendra, Muhammad; Andri Sutrisno
Reformasi Hukum Vol 28 No 3 (2024): December Edition
Publisher : Fakultas Hukum Universitas Islam Jakarta

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.46257/jrh.v28i3.1080

Refugees, especially refugee children, are a group of people who are particularly vulnerable to human rights violations. Children, who lack the problem-solving skills of adults, are often victims of violence and exploitation due to conflict, war and political issues. Especially refugee children will only become inhumane victims. This research aims to examine the importance of legal protection and fulfillment of human rights for refugee children so that their rights can be protected from various forms of crimes against humanity. This research uses the Normative Juridical research method by analyzing international regulations (protocols) applied by UNHCR in protecting refugee children. The results of this study indicate that legal protection and fulfillment of human rights for refugee children is a priority scale that will support their survival. So that the legal protection and fulfillment of human rights for refugee children is an effort to reduce the risk of refugees to crimes that make it easier for them to take part in it or even become victims of a crime. The recommendation of this research is the need for increased international cooperation to protect the rights of refugee children more effectively.

Peran Hukum Alam dalam Menjawab Tantangan dan Peluang Regulasi Deforestasi Uni Eropa terhadap Perdagangan Berkelanjutan Indonesia. Alvianto, Danang; Sutrisno, Andri; Wendra, Muhammad
Harmonization : Jurnal Ilmu Sosial, Ilmu Hukum, dan Ilmu Ekonomi Vol. 2 No. 4 (2024): Desember
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/harmonization.v2i4.1302

The European Union Deforestation Regulation (EUDR), implemented in 2023, requires transparent supply chains to prevent imported products from contributing to illegal deforestation, presenting both challenges and opportunities for Indonesia as a leading exporter of palm oil and timber. This study explores how natural law principles, emphasizing ecological justice and the moral balance between humans and nature, can serve as an ethical foundation to meet EUDR requirements. By integrating these principles into policy reforms such as enhancing the Indonesia Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO) certification, investing in green technologies, and fostering international collaboration, Indonesia can overcome economic barriers and lead in sustainable trade.

Sosialisasi Dampak Narkoba Bagi Remaja dari Aspek Kesehatan, Konsekuensi Hukum, Serta cara Pencegahan di MAN 7 Jakarta Wendra, Muhammad; Kamal, Muhammad Refly; Agustinus, Theodorus; Lutfi, Gess; Tristania, Naura; Wahyuningrun, Eka; Kholis, Ikhwanul; Baja, Daniel; Anggoro S. P, Bimo; Muchsin, Erwin; Sutrisno, Andri
Jurnal Penyuluhan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat Vol. 4 No. 2 (2025): Jurnal Penyuluhan dan Pemberdayaan Masyarakat (Mei)
Publisher : CV. Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jppm.v4i2.1308

Dampak akan penggunaan dan penyalahgunaan narkoba kerap terjadi pada remaja sebagai kelompok yang cukup rentan terhadap pengaruh narkoba di lingkungan sekitar mereka. Remaja perlu dibimbing dengan berbagai edukasi terutama lewat sosialisasi dalam mengetahui dampak buruk narkoba bagi mereka. Mahasiswa/i IBLAM School Of Law dalam hal ini melihat kerentanan yang dimiliki oleh remaja, sehingga melakukan upaya sosialisasi dampak narkoba kepada mereka di MAN 7 Jakarta. Sosialisasi ini merupakan salah satu bentuk upaya preventif dalam memberantas narkoba di Indonesia. Sebagai negara yang juga telah meratifikasi berbagai konvensi internasional seputar perlindungan dari kejahatan narkoba, tentu sosialisasi menjadi salah satu upaya preventif Indonesia dalam memberantas narkoba sedini mungkin. Sosialisasi memberi dampak dan manfaat dalam memutus rantai penyebaran pengguna dan penyalahgunaan narkoba terutama bagi remaja. Keberadaan sosialisasi sebagai bagian dari peran Indonesia dalam memerangi narkoba yang efektif dapat ditinjau dari berbagai regulasi seputar yang memberikan jalan bagi pihak mana pun termasuk lembaga atau mahasiswa/i di perguruan tinggi dalam melakukan upaya preventif pencegahan narkoba lewat sosialisasi. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengukur atau memberikan informasi seberapa pentingnya sosialisasi sebagai upaya preventif dalam menanggulangi narkoba di Indonesia. Sehingga penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian hukum normatif (studi kepustakaan) dalam menganalisis dan membentuk data.

Mengurai Implementasi Hukum Internasional dalam Penanggulangan Korupsi Sistemik (Dinasti Politik dan Paradoks Korupsi) Wendra, Muhammad; Sutrisno, Andri
Journal Sovereignty Law And Diplomatic Politics Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): Journal Sovereignty Law and Diplomatic Politics
Publisher : CV Era Digital Nusantara

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.59066/jlsdp.v1i1.631

Korupsi merupakan salah satu bentuk tindak pidana yang banyak merugikan negara. Pasalnya, korupsi dapat berakibat pada ekonomi dan politik sebuah negara, bahkan ada yang menyebutkan bahwa korupsi juga melanggar Hak Asasi Manusia. Masalah korupsi ini menjadi permasalahan yang kompleks lagi apabila korupsi dilakukan secara berlembaga oleh pejabat negara, sampai pada situasi di mana pejabat negara yang seharusnya berwenang memberantas korupsi juga ikut andil di dalam tindakan korupsi. Hal demikianlah yang disebut dengan korupsi sistemik. Selain merugikan negara, korupsi sistemik juga cukup susah untuk di berantas. Politik dinasti yang membentuk kepercayaan dan kerja sama antar pejabat negara juga mempengaruhi adanya tindakan korupsi sistemik ini. Dikarenakan kekuasaan pada pemerintahan, baik eksekutif, legislatif, sampai pada yudikatif telah dikuasai atau dikendalikan oleh mereka. Apabila tidak segera diberantas maka akan terus berulang-ulang (paradoks korupsi). Instrumen internasional seperti United Nation Convention Against Corruption (UNCAC), Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) Anti-Bribery Convention, serta Inter-American Convention Against Corruption (IACAC) melalui kerja sama dengan negara-negara untuk memberantas korupsi dengan memberikan peluang kepada masyarakat dan media untuk turut serta dalam menangani korupsi ini. Untuk memberantas korupsi sistemik tidak cukup dengan tindakan ‘menghukum’ sebagaimana semestinya dalam pidana internasional, namun juga perlu adanya pencegahan dari masyarakat itu sendiri dengan membentuk budaya anti-korupsi yang kuat lewat penanaman nilai-nilai moral dan etika kriminalisasi korupsi. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk membahas bagaimana implementasi hukum internasional dalam menanggulangi korupsi sistemik yang berakibat dari politik dinasti yang akan menyebabkan paradoks korupsi dengan mengikutsertakan masyarakat dan media dalam ikut menanggulangi korupsi sistemik melalui pencegahan dengan budaya anti-korupsi dan pemantauan terhadap pejabat publik. Tulisan ini menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normatif, yakni metode penelitian yang menggunakan bahan bacaan dalam penelitiannya, seperti dokumen-dokumen hukum, literatur-literatur hukum lainnya, serta menganalisis norma-norma yang tertulis dan dapat diterapkan dimasyarakat.

Human Rights Violations In The Agrarian Sector In The Perspective Of National Law And International Law (Case Study Of Rempang Island) Wendra, Muhammad; Sutrisno, Andri
Social Sciences Journal Vol. 1 No. 1 (2024): February
Publisher : Universitas Dehasen Bengkulu

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.37676/sosj.v1i1.341

Human Rights are a set of rights that are essentially inherent in humans. This right is natural, cannot be contested or taken away, and applies universally. Violations of human rights occur if these rights are taken away or challenged by other parties. The field of human rights violations is very broad, covering various rights possessed by humans, including in this case regarding land in the agrarian sector. Violations of human rights in the agrarian sector are basically similar to violations of human rights in other fields, the difference being the object of the right that gives rise to the human rights violation. In this case, the object in question is land in the agrarian sector. Indonesian national law and international law have slightly different perspectives regarding human rights violations in the agrarian sector. The difference is regarding control over the agrarian sector. National law has independent rights over the agrarian sector within its territory without interference from other parties outside the country, including international law. However, this form of violation of human rights, even in the agrarian sector, remains the subject of international law, as is the universal principle held by human rights law. To provide protection of rights in the agrarian sector, Indonesian national law applies the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, and Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles Regulations. Meanwhile, international law applies Convention Number 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO), as well as the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Therefore, this writing aims to explain the point of view of how Indonesian national law views human rights violations in the agrarian sector through domestic regulations, as well as how international law through international instruments views human rights violations in the agrarian sector. This writing was also prepared based on normative juridical sources through Indonesian national regulations and related to international instruments. Human Rights are a set of rights that are essentially inherent in humans. This right is natural, cannot be contested or taken away, and applies universally. Violations of human rights occur if these rights are taken away or challenged by other parties. The field of human rights violations is very broad, covering various rights possessed by humans, including in this case regarding land in the agrarian sector. Violations of human rights in the agrarian sector are basically similar to violations of human rights in other fields, the difference being the object of the right that gives rise to the human rights violation. In this case, the object in question is land in the agrarian sector. Indonesian national law and international law have slightly different perspectives regarding human rights violations in the agrarian sector. The difference is regarding control over the agrarian sector. National law has independent rights over the agrarian sector within its territory without interference from other parties outside the country, including international law. However, this form of violation of human rights, even in the agrarian sector, remains the subject of international law, as is the universal principle held by human rights law. To provide protection of rights in the agrarian sector, Indonesian national law applies the provisions of the 1945 Constitution, Law Number 39 of 1999 concerning Human Rights, and Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles Regulations. Meanwhile, international law applies Convention Number 169 of the International Labor Organization (ILO), as well as the United Nations Declarations on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples (UNDRIP). Therefore, this writing aims to explain the point of view of how Indonesian national law views human rights violations in the agrarian sector through domestic regulations, as well as how international law through international instruments views human rights violations in the agrarian sector. This writing was also prepared based on normative juridical sources through Indonesian national regulations and related to international instruments.

Tinjauan Hukum Internasional terhadap Status Organisasi Papua Merdeka (OPM) sebagai Subjek Hukum Internasional Wendra, Muhammad; Sutrisno, Andri; Kamal, Muhammad Refly
Journal of Contemporary Law Studies Vol. 3 No. 1 (2025): November
Publisher : Indonesian Journal Publisher

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.47134/lawstudies.v3i1.4991

This study aims to present the implications of separatist movements that are recognized as international subjects, especially for the parent country. This study is urgent due to the importance of the status of separatist groups as subjects of international law and its impact on the parent country. This study uses a normative juridical method with a literature study approach that includes doctrine and various other international legal conventions. The results of the study show that separatist movements generally demand separation from the parent country based on various backgrounds, such as ideological and racial differences, as well as injustices or human rights violations. To achieve this goal, separatist groups need international support, such as recognition as subjects of international law through the determination of belligerent status or geopolitical recognition to facilitate their goals. Therefore, this study shows that in order to achieve the status of an international legal subject, separatist movements not only require various specific criteria as stipulated in international law, but also require factors such as international politics to achieve these goals. Furthermore, this study also shows that such recognition can have significant political, diplomatic, and social implications for the parent country, such as Indonesia. The influence of recognizing the OPM as a subject of international law theoretically and juridically has a significant impact on the parent country, such as Indonesia, including challenges to Indonesia's sovereignty and territorial integrity, a negative international precedent for Indonesia regarding separatism, disruption of the country's development and security (stability), and vulnerability to negative impacts in conducting international relations.

MODEL OF SUPERVISION OF THE IMPLEMENTATION OF CONSTITUTIONAL RIGHTS TO ENSURE THE PROTECTION AND WELFARE OF DOMESTIC WORKERS IN THE ADMINISTRATIVE CITY OF EAST JAKARTA: MODEL PENGAWASAN IMPLEMENTASI HAK KONSTITUSIONAL UNTUK MENJAMIN PERLINDUNGAN DAN KESEJAHTERAAN PEKERJA RUMAH TANGGA DI KOTA ADMINISTRATIF JAKARTA TIMUR Hapsoro, Fakhris Lutfianto; Maulidah, Khilmatin; Jadidah, Fikrotul; Lita, Ade; Wendra, Muhammad; Wicaksono, Muhammad Ragil; Supriyanto
SOSIOEDUKASI Vol 14 No 4 (2025): SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL
Publisher : Fakultas Keguruan Dan Ilmu Pendidikan Universaitas PGRI Banyuwangi

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i4.6316

This study aims to analyze the legal protection of domestic workers (PRT) within the framework of constitutional and statutory law, identify the factors contributing to weak supervision over the fulfillment of domestic workers' rights in the household sector, and formulate an effective supervision model within the administrative context of East Jakarta. Employing a normative-empirical legal method with statutory, conceptual, and sociological approaches, this research integrates primary data obtained through interviews and Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) involving government institutions and civil society organizations. The findings reveal that constitutional protection for domestic workers is guaranteed under Article 27(2) and Article 28D(2) of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia (UUD NRI 1945). Nevertheless, implementation remains weak due to the absence of legal recognition of households as workplaces within the national labor law framework. The ineffectiveness of supervision in fulfilling domestic workers' rights is attributed to four key factors: limited scope of supervision, restricted jurisdiction and authority of local government agencies at the administrative city level, institutional fragmentation among state bodies, and a formalistic bureaucratic culture. As a solution, this study proposes an effective supervision model grounded in the principles of legal inclusivity, institutional collaboration, and community participation. The model consists of five main components: (1) neighborhood-based registration (RT/RW) to ensure that domestic employment relationships are officially recorded and monitored by the state; (2) strengthening the role of Domestic Worker Placement Agencies (LPPRT) as legal entities responsible for training and grievance mechanisms; (3) integration of cross-agency complaint systems through proactive technology-based coordination; (4) public education and empowerment of domestic worker communities to enhance legal awareness; and (5) establishment of complaint centers at the sub-district (kecamatan) level. This study concludes that labor law reform should aim to recognize domestic work as a legitimate form of employment, decentralize supervisory authority, and develop a living legal system rooted in the values of social justice.

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