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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Perikanan dan Budidaya Perairan Biota Sainmatika: Jurnal Ilmiah Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam Jurnal Abdimas Mandiri Sriwijaya Bioscientia BIOVALENTIA: Biological Research Journal BIO PALEMBANICA
Muhammad Iqbal
Department of Biology, Universitas Indo Global Mandiri
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemistry Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Medicine & Pharmacology Physics Social Sciences

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Breaking Boundaries: First Report of White-shouldered Starling Sturnia sinensis (Passeriformes: Sturnidae) in Indonesia Abdul Hakim Syah; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v2i2.5957

Abstract

The White-shouldered Starling Sturnia sinensis, a species commonly found in East Asia and known to winter in Southeast Asia, had not been previously recorded in Indonesia’s avifaunal list. On 26 September 2023, an unusual starling was spotted among a flock of Daurian Starlings Agropsar sturninus near a Buddhist vihara in Tanjungpinang, Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province, Sumatra. The following day, the bird was photographed and documented for closer examination. It was ultimately identified as S. sinensis. This record represents a significant range expansion for the species into Indonesian territory, emphasizing the dynamic nature of avian migration and the critical need for ongoing monitoring to capture such unexpected findings.
Rediscovered after Nearly a Century: The Silvery Pigeon Columba argentina ( Columbiformes: Columbidae) on Natuna Island, Sumatra, Indonesia Syah Abdul Hakim; Ahdiani; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v2i2.6121

Abstract

The Silvery Pigeon Columba argentina, a Critically Endangered species endemic to Indonesia, was long thought to be possibly extinct, with confirmed records limited to a few offshore islands west of Sumatra. Here, we report the rediscovery of C. argentina on Natuna Island, Riau Islands Province, Sumatra, Indonesia, representing the first confirmed record from this locality since 1928, nearly a century ago. Field observations and photographs obtained in July 2023 and May 2024 confirm the species' continued survival in coastal and lowland habitats on Natuna Island. This rediscovery extends the known current range of C. argentina beyond the western offshore islands of Sumatra and provides crucial evidence that remnant populations persist in the Riau Islands. This finding underscores the significance of Natuna Island and surrounding areas for the conservation of C. argentina.
First record of Spiny Turtle Heosemys spinosa (Gray, 1831) (Testudines: Geoemydidae) on Babi and Lasia Islands, West Sumatran Islands, Indonesia Silvi Dwi Anasari; Muhammad Iqbal; Tom Amey
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 2 No 2 (2025): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v2i2.6171

Abstract

The Spiny Turtle Heosemys spinosa (Gray, 1831) is an endangered freshwater species found in parts of Southeast Asia, but records from offshore islands are scarce. This study documents the first occurrence of H. spinosa on Babi and Lasia Islands, off the west coast of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Between 15 October and 25 December 2023, nine individuals were observed on Lasia Island, and another on Babi Island in August 2025. The species was found in wet forest floors, mangroves, and leaf-littered habitats within protected forests. Both uninhabited islands retain extensive old-growth forest, suggesting they may serve as refuges for H. spinosa. This record expands the species’ known range and highlights the need for further research and conservation on Indonesia’s lesser-studied satellite islands.
Notes on the Presence of Combtooth Blennies (Blenniiformes: Blenniidae) in Lampung Province, Sumatra, Indonesia Gusti Ayu Widayanti; Delon Dian Putra; Ina Aprillia; Aulia Salsabila; Nur Arifah; Muhammad Aflah; Ayu Karlina; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v3i1.6812

Abstract

Combtooth Blennies (Blenniiformes: Blenniidae) are small, cryptic coastal fishes that are often underrepresented in regional ichthyofaunal surveys. Lampung Province, located at the southern tip of Sumatra, encompasses diverse coastal habitats suitable for blenniid fishes; however, information on their occurrence remains limited. Here, we present preliminary records of Combtooth Blennies from Lampung Province, based on field observations and photographic documentation conducted between 2017 to 2025, complemented by verified citizen-science records. A total of seven taxa representing five genera were recorded, including Alticus saliens. Aspidontus taeniatus, Entomacrodus vermiculatus, Istiblennius sp., Istiblennius dussumieri, Salarias sp. and Salarias fasciatus. Records were obtained from multiple coastal districts and habitats, including rocky intertidal zones, shallow reefs and nearshore coastal areas. Istiblennius dussumieri was the most frequently recorded species and was widely distributed across the study area. The findings provide essential baseline data on the distribution of Blenniidae in Lampung Province, emphasizing the importance of targeted surveys alongside citizen-science initiatives for documenting cryptic coastal fish diversity in southern Sumatra.
First Record of Zenarchopterus gilli (Beloniformes: Zenarchopteridae) in Lampung Province, Sumatra, with Notes on Its Distribution in Indonesia Nur Arifah; Muhammad Aflah; Gusti Ayu Widayanti; Muhammad Habibi; Ina Aprillia; Anggi Melisa; Muhammad Rafi Firmansyah; Diah Komala Sari; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v3i1.6985

Abstract

This study reports the first confirmed record of Zenarchopterus gilli from Lampung Province, southern Sumatra, Indonesia, based on field surveys conducted on 7 November 2025 in the Petengoran Mangrove Area, Pesawaran Regency. Several individuals were observed in shallow estuarine waters along mangrove creeks and tidal channels, and species identification was verified through diagnostic morphological characters, including the elongated lower jaw and distinctive modifications of the male anal-fin and dorsal-fin rays. The specimens conform to published descriptions of Z. gilli. Previously, the species had been recorded from northern Sumatra, Java, Bali, Lombok, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, Halmahera, Komodo, Maumere and Raja Ampat, but not from Lampung. This new record fills a geographic gap in its distribution in western Indonesia and suggests that the species likely has a broader and continuous coastal distribution across Sundaland, highlighting the need for further surveys in underexplored estuarine and mangrove habitats.
First Breeding Record of Red-wattled Lapwing Vanellus indicus (Charadriiformes: Charadriidae) in Indonesia Abdul Hakim Syah; Yuli Seperi; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v3i1.7011

Abstract

Indonesia contains extensive tropical wetland ecosystems that provide important habitats for resident and migratory waterbirds within the East Asian Australasian Flyway. However, breeding documentation for several shorebird species in the Indonesian archipelago remains limited. Here we document the first confirmed breeding record of Vanellus indicus in Indonesia based on field observations conducted on 18 January 2026 in Pinang Kencana Subdistrict, Tanjungpinang Timur District, Bintan Island, Riau Islands Province. Evidence of breeding was established through the observation of a downy chick accompanied by adult birds exhibiting territorial defense and distraction behavior. A follow up visit on 21 February 2026 confirmed the presence of adult birds and a juvenile, indicating successful breeding at the site. This record expands current knowledge of the species’ distribution and breeding status, and suggests that Indonesian lowland wetlands may support newly established breeding populations of adaptable shorebird species.
Observation of A White-bellied Sea-Eagle Icthyophaga leucogaster (Accipitriformes: Accipitridae) Preying on A Jellyfish (Cnidaria: Medusozoa) Agus Prabowo; Henni Martini; Deni Mulyana; Reynaldi Sastra; Pormansyah; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v3i1.7040

Abstract

The White-bellied Sea-Eagle Icthyophaga leucogaster is a widespread Indo-Pacific raptor known for its predominantly piscivorous diet and opportunistic foraging behavior. Here, we report an unusual feeding observation of a juvenile I. leucogaster preying on a jellyfish at the mouth of the Sembilang River, South Sumatra, Indonesia, on 20 February 2018, at approximately 11:00 hrs. The eagle was observed lifting the jellyfish from the water surface and transporting it in its talons while in flight to a nearby perch. Jellyfish are rarely reported as prey for raptors and are generally regarded as having low nutritional value; however, their high visibility and ease of capture during periods of abundance may provide short-term energetic gains. This observation broadens current knowledge of the dietary range of I. leucogaster and underscores the species’ behavioral flexibility in exploiting unconventional prey resources.
Stranding Records of Rorquals (Cetacea: Balaenopteridae) along the East Coast of South Sumatran Waters, Indonesia Diah Komala Sari; Dewi Rosanti; Ina Aprillia; Ines Chatrina; Gusti Ayu Widayanti; Anis Aryani; Nur Arifah; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v3i1.7049

Abstract

This paper documents two rorqual whale stranding events along the eastern coast of South Sumatra, Indonesia, a region where marine mammal records remain scarce. The first event, recorded on 15 January 2021 in Sungai Kong, was identified as a Fin Whale Balaenoptera physalus based on morphological characteristics such as body size and asymmetrical jaw coloration. The individual was successfully refloated and returned to deeper waters. The second event, on 26 February 2026 in Sungai Somor, involved a Bryde’s whale Balaenoptera edeni, identified by the presence of three rostral ridges and characteristic body morphology; despite rescue efforts, the individual later died. Both strandings occurred in shallow, estuarine environments characterized by muddy substrates, mangroves, and strong tidal influences, conditions that may increase stranding risk for large whales. These records provide important baseline data on the occurrence of rorquals in South Sumatran waters and highlight the ecological significance of the region.
Mortality Records of the Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris (Artiodactyla: Delphinidae) in Sumatra and Java Nur Rachman; Muhammad Sayidina Ali; Randi Syafutra; Surianto Effendi; Sahat Aritonang; Muhammad Iqbal
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v3i1.7084

Abstract

Indonesia is a global biodiversity hotspot, yet aquatic mammals remain understudied, particularly in coastal and estuarine ecosystems. The Irrawaddy Dolphin Orcaella brevirostris inhabits these environments and is highly exposed to anthropogenic pressures. This study compiles mortality records of O. brevirostris in Sumatra and Java using published papers, media reports and citizen science data. A total of 24 records (2011–2025) were documented, with most concentrated along the eastern coast of Sumatra. Of the 24 documented mortality records of O. brevirostris in Sumatra and Java (2011–2025), unknown causes accounted for the majority of deaths (14 records, 58.3%). Fishing gear entanglement was the second most common cause (7 records, 29.2%), representing the primary identified anthropogenic threat. The remaining mortalities were each attributed to suspected poaching, strong monsoon currents, and extreme weather (1 record each, 4.2%). Reported body lengths ranged from 90 to 225 cm and weights from 80 to 150 kg. Both juvenile and adult individuals were affected, with adult mortality raising concerns for population viability. These findings highlight critical risk zones and the need for improved monitoring and conservation measures.
Rediscovery of the Simalur Island Flying Fox Pteropus hypomelanus simalurus (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) after 113 Years Muhammad Iqbal; Elfira Septiansyah; Silvi Dwi Anasari; Asman Adi Purwanto; Nurina Indriyani; Irda Kusuma; Tom Amey
BIO PALEMBANICA Vol 3 No 1 (2026): Bio Palembanica
Publisher : Lembaga Penelitian, Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat dan Kepustakaan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.36982/bio.v3i1.7296

Abstract

The Simalur Island Flying Fox Pteropus hypomelanus simalurus is a poorly known insular taxon historically recorded from Simeulue Island in the early twentieth century. However, since the original record, no confirmed scientific observations had been reported for more than a century, leading to considerable uncertainty regarding its persistence and conservation status. In April 2026, field surveys across Simeulue Island and several surrounding satellite islands documented two colonies of Pteropus sp. within the archipelago. More than 500 individuals were recorded on 9 April 2026 on Linggam Island, while approximately 100 individuals were observed on 17 April 2026 in Labuhan Bakti, Simeulue Island. The observed flying foxes are provisionally assigned to P. h. simalurus based on external morphology and geographic distribution. Individuals closely matched the original description of the taxon, exhibiting a predominantly black head, dark underparts, black back and rump, and a dull golden to chestnut mantle. Although morphometric and molecular confirmation is still required, the observed individuals correspond closely with the historical description and known range of P. h. simalurus. These records represent the first confirmed scientific observations of this taxon in more than a century and provide the strongest available evidence that P. h. simalurus persists within the Simeulue Archipelago.
Co-Authors Abdul Hakim Syah Abdul Hakim Syah Adi Wardoyo, Suryanto Agus Prabowo Ahdiani Akhmad Junaedi Siregar Alim, Satri Sara Amey, Tom Amin, Afri Andes Syahputra Anggi Melisa Anis Aryani Aprilia, Ina Aprillia, Ina Arfan Abrar Arum Setiawan Arum Setiawan Arum Setiawan Arum Setiawan Arum Setiawan Asman Adi Purwanto Asyavira, Gita Cindy Aulia Salsabila Ayu Karlina Catur Yuono Prasetyo, Catur Yuono Delon Dian Putra Deni Mulyana Dewi Rosanti DIAH KOMALA SARI Dian Mutiara Doni Setiawan Effendi, Zahrial Elfira Septiansyah GUSTI AYU WIDAYANTI Gusti Ayu Widayanti Henni Martini Hilda Zulkifli Ina Aprilia Ina Aprillia Ina Aprillia Indra Yustian Indra Yustian Indra Yustian Ines Chatrina Irda Kusuma Kusuma, Irda Muhammad Aflah Muhammad Diki Wahyu Arisandi Muhammad Habibi Muhammad Rafi Firmansyah Muhammad Sayidina Ali Nisa, Amanatun Nur Annis Hidayati, Nur Annis Nur Arifah Nur Rachman Nurina Indriyani Octavia Susilowati Pormansyah Pormansyah Pormansyah Pormansyah Pragustiandi, Guntur Putri Balqis Randi Syafutra Reynaldi Sastra Rio Firman Saputra Riza Marlon Sahat Aritonang Silvi Dwi Anasari Surianto Effendi Swandi, Monica Kharisma Swarlanda Syah Abdul Hakim Tom Amey Widayanti, Gusti Ayu Winda Indriati Yuli Seperi