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THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE LEVEL OF KNOWLEDGE ABOUT THE DANGERS OF CIGARETTES AND CARBON MONOXIDE LEVELS OF BREATHING AIR IN STUDENTS FROM A HIGH SCHOOL IN MALANG Dwi Pratiwi, Suryanti; Agus Setyawan, Ungky; Mafisah, Saidah; Muhammad, Iqbal; Herda Asyari, Claudia; Dini, Zata; Pratiwi, Eka; Lyono, Albert; Delfianto, Dwiroza Delfianto; Nur Hikmah, Naila Nur Hikmah; Suardana, I Made Suardana; Martha , Martha
Journal of Community Health and Preventive Medicine Vol. 4 No. 2 (2024): JOCHAPM Vol. 4 No. 2 2024
Publisher : Universitas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.jochapm.2024.004.02.3

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of knowledge about the dangers of smoking and smoking behavior and exposure to cigarette smoke in high school students. This quantitative descriptive research with a cross-sectional design involved 114 students from one Malang Senior High School, with sampling using a simple random sampling method. Using a CO analyzer, data was collected through questionnaires to measure students' knowledge levels and measurements of carbon monoxide (CO) in breathing air. The study results showed that 62% of the respondents were women and 38% were men, with an average age of 16.8 years. As many as 80% of students do not smoke, while the other 20% are active smokers. The average CO level of the students' breath air was 3.34 PPM, with active smokers showing significantly higher CO levels (7.74 PPM) compared to passive smokers (2.06 PPM) and non-smoking students (2.61 PPM). The ANOVA statistical test showed a significant difference in CO levels between groups (p < 0.05). Although the level of students' knowledge about the dangers of smoking was relatively high (average pretest 124), no significant relationship was found between knowledge and smoking behavior (p = 0.802). The study concluded that although knowledge about the dangers of smoking is moderate, smoking behavior among male students remains high, suggesting the need for more in-depth interventions to address the social and psychological factors that support smoking behavior.
A Young Women With Infected Bronchiectasis and Paraseptal Emphysema Mafisah, Saidah; Sugiri, Yani Jane; Sartono, Teguh Rahayu; Karliasari, Liana
Malang Respiratory Journal Vol. 7 No. 1 (2025): March 2025 Edition
Publisher : Universitaas Brawijaya

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21776/ub.mrj.2025.007.01.03

Abstract

Introduction: Bronchiectasis is defined as an abnormal dilation of the bronchi, usually as a result of chronic airway inflammation and/or infection. Bronchiectasis with non-mycobacterial tuberculosis infection is more common in women. Paraseptal emphysema formed around the pleura or septa in the upper lobe, caused by repeated infections, smoking, or deficiency of the alpha 1 antitrypsin enzyme. Emphysema is more common in men with a history of smoking. Case: A 22 year-old female came with chief complaint of chronic cough. No smoking history. Patient had a history of repeated hospitalizations due to pneumonia. Fungal culture results with no fungal growth and sputum molecular rapid test result is mycobacterium tuberculosis not detected. Achromobacter denitrificans Multiple Drug Resistance was found through bronchial washings culture. Thorax Computed Tomography Scan showed cavities connected to the bronchi with air fluid level (infected bronchiectasis) and air space in upper lobes (paraseptal emphysema). Patient was given definitive antibiotic and clinically improved. Discussion: Bronchiectasis and paraseptal emphysema are caused recurrent lung infections. Bronchiectasis with non-mycobacterial tuberculosis infection is more common in women. In this case, we found infected bronchiectasis and paraseptal emphysema in a young women with no history of smoking but with a history of recurrent pneumonia. Conclusion: Possible causes of bronchiectasis and paraseptal emphysema in this patient was due to recurrent lung infection. The patient had been given definitive antibiotic treatment and clinically improve now. In addition, appropriate and adequate therapy are needed to reduce progression and complications of this disease.
Analysis of Urinary Midkine and Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Levels Using a Breath Analyzer for Screening and Early Diagnosis of Lung Cancer Mafisah, Saidah; Setyawan, Ungky Agus; Tantular, Rezki; Permana, Deden; Djajalaksana, Susanthy; Wardoyo, Arinto Yudi Ponco; Listyoko, Aditya Sri
Jurnal Respirasi Vol. 11 No. 3 (2025): September 2025
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/jr.v11-I.3.2025.223-231

Abstract

Introduction: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Midkine, a heparin-binding growth factor, promotes proliferation, angiogenesis, and metastasis. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) reflect cellular and molecular changes, aiding in cancer diagnosis. This study explored urinary midkine and VOC profiles as biomarkers for lung cancer screening and early diagnosis. Methods: A case-control, cross-sectional study was conducted on 20 controls (family members of lung cancer patients) and 20 lung cancer patients who had not received therapy. Volatile organic compounds breath analysis and urinary midkine measurements were performed. Volatile organic compounds, including total volatile organic compounds (TVOCs), ethanol (C2H5OH), formaldehyde (CH2O), toluene (C7H8), acetone (C3H6O), hexane (C6H14), and methane (CH4), were collected from exhaled breath using Tedlar bags and measured with a µβreath analyzer. Meanwhile, urinary midkine levels were determined using the Enzyme-Linked ImmunoSorbent Assay (ELISA) method. Statistical analyses included an independent t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, Spearman correlation, and diagnostic testing with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. Results: Urinary midkine levels were higher in lung cancer patients than in controls (330.56±120.50 vs. 282.18±146.28 pg/mL), although not significant (p>0.05). The independent t-test revealed that ethanol levels were significantly elevated in lung cancer patients (p < 0.001), whereas methane levels were not (p > 0.50). Receiver operating characteristic analysis demonstrated sensitivity and specificity: urinary midkine (60%, 60%), ethanol (75%, 75%), and methane (45%, 45%). Conclusion: Ethanol VOC appears to be a promising non-invasive biomarker for the early detection of lung cancer, whereas elevated urinary midkine levels did not demonstrate significant diagnostic value.