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All Journal Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Elektro Komputer dan Informatika (JITEKI) Jurnal Teknologi Informasi dan Ilmu Komputer Telematika Bianglala Informatika : Jurnal Komputer dan Informatika Akademi Bina Sarana Informatika Yogyakarta Jutisi: Jurnal Ilmiah Teknik Informatika dan Sistem Informasi Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics International Journal of Advances in Data and Information Systems Jurnal Teknik Informatika (JUTIF) International Journal of Electronics and Communications Systems Journal of Computing Theories and Applications Jurnal Informatika Polinema (JIP) Scientific Journal of Informatics Indonesian Journal of Electronics, Electromedical Engineering, and Medical Informatics
Setyo Wahyu Saputro
Lambung Mangkurat University
Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Engineering Health Professions Library & Information Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Classification of Eyewitness Social Media Messages for Natural Disaster Monitoring using BERT Variants Hanafi, Muhammad Bashir; Faisal, Mohammad Reza; Abadi, Friska; Budiman, Irwan; Saputro, Setyo Wahyu; Mbeledogu, Njideka Nkemdilim
Jurnal Teknik Informatika (Jutif) Vol. 7 No. 3 (2026): JUTIF Volume 7, Number 3, June 2026
Publisher : Informatika, Universitas Jenderal Soedirman

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.52436/1.jutif.2026.7.3.5317

Abstract

The rapid growth of disaster-related social media data demands effective monitoring. However, its real-time source presents challenges due to large volumes of unstructured and noisy data. This study aims to improve effective monitoring with BERT variants to classify eyewitness reports on Twitter/X. Earlier studies have applied machine-learning and deep-learning models to automate the monitoring of eyewitness messages on social media, but these models still have shortcomings. Traditional machine-learning models rely on handcrafted and frequency-based features, limiting their ability to capture contextual semantics. Deep-learning models offer improved performance but still face challenges in modeling long-range dependencies and handling high-volume social media streams. This issue is pronounced in social media streams. This study employs transformer-based models using several BERT variants (BERT, RoBERTa, DistilBERT, ELECTRA, and ALBERT). Each model is pre-trained with the Masked Language Modeling (MLM) objective, and batch-size optimization is applied to boost performance. Experimental results indicate that a batch size of 16 consistently yields the best performance, with the standard BERT model achieving the highest macro-F1 score of 0.762. By disaster type, macro-F1 scores reach 0.744 for hurricane, 0.793 for flood, 0.756 for earthquake, and 0.750 for wildfire. BERT (16) outperforms the other BERT variants and twelve baseline models from prior research. Unlike previous approaches, this study leverages pre-trained Masked Language Models to optimize classification on disaster-related datasets. The findings contribute to the development of transformer-based architectures for text classification in real-time disaster informatics, leading to more accurate situational awareness and reduced delays in emergency decision-making.
Co-Authors Akhmad Zakirin Akhtar, Zarif Bin Andi Farmadi Andi Farmadi Angga Maulana Akbar Anshory, Muhammad Naufal As’ary Ramadhan Badali, Rahmat Amin Deni Sutaji Dodon Turianto Nugrahadi Dwi Kartini, Dwi Elvina Nur Hana Fadhillah, Muhammad Alif Fatma Indriani Fatma Indriani Febrian, Muhamad Michael Friska Abadi Hanafi, Muhammad Bashir Hariyady Hariyady Herteno, Rudy Hertono, Rudy Irwan Budiman Irwan Budiman Kamil, Hawariul Kenji Satou Khusnul Rahmi Maulidha Martalisa, Asri Mbeledogu, Njideka Nkemdilim Muhammad Fikri Muhammad Ikhwanul Hakim Muhammad Itqan Mazdadi Muhammad Khalid Maulana Muhammad Nazar Gunawan Muhammad Noor Muhammad Reza Faisal, Muhammad Reza Muhammad Rizky Aulia Ramadhan Muliadi Nabella, Putri Nur Hidayatullah, Wildan Puput Dani Prasetyo Adi Putri Nabella Radityo Adi Nugroho Rahmat Budianoor Rahmina Ulfah Aflaha Raidra Zeniananto Reza Faisal, Mohammad Rezeki, Abdillah Rozaq, Hasri Akbar Awal Rudy Herteno Rudy Herteno Rudy Herteno Saragih, Triando Hamonangan Suryadi, Mulia Kevin Syahputra, Muhammad Reza Syarif Maulana, Syarif Ujang Ruyandi Wahyudi Ariannor Wardana, Muhammad Difha YILDIZ, Oktay Yulia Yudihartanti