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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Hanifah, Hanum Retno
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Infection and The Spectrum of Diseases It Causes: A Literature Review Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Hapsari, Yunita; Wardana, Shira Putri; Haikal, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10158

Abstract

Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection (STI) pathogen that plays a significant role in the development of benign and malignant diseases. This study used a literature review of national and international articles (2015–2025) obtained through Google Scholar, PubMed, and accredited journals. HPV is classified into high-risk types associated with cancer (primarily HPV 16 and 18) and low-risk types that commonly cause genital warts. Initial infection is often asymptomatic, but persistent infection can lead to cell transformation due to the activity of the oncoproteins E6 and E7. Globally, HPV prevalence remains high, with regional variations and a strong association with low vaccination coverage. Management includes pharmacological therapy, surgery, and a combination of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. While the primary prevention strategy is HPV vaccination (bivalent, quadrivalent, and nonavalent), which is currently being expanded to primary school-aged girls in Indonesia. Recent developments include new-generation therapeutic vaccines (Vvax001, PANHPVAX) that promise broader protection. It can be concluded that primary vaccination remains the most effective strategy to reduce the burden of disease caused by HPV, so that increased immunization coverage, public education, and further research related to new generation vaccines are needed.
Cerebral Palsy: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara; Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha; Andini, Syabila; Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Sabrina, Khansa Aulia; Khotimah, Andi Husnul; Wardana, Shira Putri; Rizqullah, Rifqi; Haikal, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10564

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder and the leading cause of motor disability in children worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to examine the risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of cerebral palsy based on recent scientific literature. This article includes a systematic literature review using the PRISMA method and selected 15 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review were obtained risk factors for cerebral palsy include intrauterine infection, preeclampsia, premature birth, asphyxia, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and hyperbilirubinemia. These risk factors can disrupt neurogenesis and brain maturation, leading to structural and functional damage to the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of cerebral palsy include impaired muscle tone, abnormal reflexes, and postural deformities, classified as spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic, and assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is established through evaluation of the clinical history, neurological/motor examination, neuroimaging, and genetic testing. Cerebral palsy management aims to improve functionality, ability, and health in movement, cognition, social interaction, and independence. Non-pharmacological management focuses on physiotherapy and occupational therapy to improve motor skills, reduce spasticity, and support independence. The mainstay of pharmacotherapy in cerebral palsy management uses systemic medications that are symptom-based and directed at specific movement disorders.
Diverticulitis: A Literature Review Husnul Khotimah, Andi; Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Haikal, Muhammad; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Zubaedi, Alisha Chaerani; Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10317

Abstract

Diverticulitis is an inflammatory disease of the intestinal wall that often occurs in the elderly and is commonly located in the sigmoid colon. Risk factors for diverticulitis include a low-fiber diet, obesity and smoking, while physical activity and a healthy diet can lower the risk. Treatment of diverticulitis includes the use of selective antibiotics, especially in patients with complications or high risk, and surgical intervention may be required in complicated cases. The prognosis of the disease depends on age, severity, and the presence of complications, with a significant risk of recurrence in some patients. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of the definition, classification, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, complications, prognosis, and prevention of diverticulitis. This literature review was conducted using a literature study method, with data sources obtained from online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar.
Co-Authors Andini, Syabila Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan Hapsari, Yunita Husnul Khotimah, Andi Khotimah, Andi Husnul Muhammad Haikal Nurhidayati Nurhidayati Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha Rizqullah, Rifqi Sabrina, Khansa Aulia Wardana, Shira Putri Wiguna, I Made Danuarta Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini Zubaedi, Alisha Chaerani