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Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Functional Disorders of the Biliary System: Biliary Dyskinesia and Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction Mikailla, Romy Healthy; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Wardana, Shira Putri; Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Ramadhan, Panji Sena; Aghni, Hasna Tazkia; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.9955

Abstract

Functional biliary disorders are conditions caused by biliary dysmotility without the presence of gallstones, sludge, microlithiasis, or microcrystalline disease. The most common functional biliary disorders are biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction. This study employed a literature review method by searching and reviewing various references from online databases such as PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest. Functional biliary disorders such as biliary dyskinesia and sphincter of Oddi dysfunction often cause biliary pain without gallstones. Although not life-threatening, these disorders can affect quality of life and require appropriate management. Pharmacological treatments such as NSAIDs and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) can help alleviate symptoms of biliary disorders, but surgical interventions such as cholecystectomy and sphincterotomy may be necessary for more severe cases. The choice of treatment method should take into account the risks and complications, and be carried out by an experienced medical team.
Chronic Anal Fissure: A Literature Review Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Mikailla, Romy Healthy; Wardana, Shira Putri; Aisyah S.F., Nadine; Sena R., Panji; Aghni, Hasna Tazkia; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10139

Abstract

Chronic anal fissure is a common anorectal condition characterized by persistent mucosal tears that cause severe pain and reduced quality of life. Effective management is essential, as many cases show poor response to conservative treatment. This study aims to review recent advances in the diagnosis and management of chronic anal fissure. A literature review was conducted through PubMed, Google Scholar, and ProQuest using the keywords “Chronic Anal Fissure OR Persistent Anal Fissure,” applying inclusion and exclusion criteria to ensure relevance and scientific quality. The findings indicate that conservative therapy achieves healing in only about 50% of patients, while others require pharmacological or surgical interventions. Newer modalities, including topical calcium channel blockers, botulinum toxin injections, and modified surgical techniques such as anal advancement flap, demonstrate higher success rates with fewer complications. Furthermore, multitarget topical formulations have recently emerged as promising therapeutic options. In conclusion, the management of chronic anal fissure is evolving toward more effective and safer strategies. Further research is recommended to validate multitarget therapies and to develop individualized treatment approaches that improve patient outcomes and long-term quality of life.
Cerebral Palsy: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara; Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha; Andini, Syabila; Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Sabrina, Khansa Aulia; Khotimah, Andi Husnul; Wardana, Shira Putri; Rizqullah, Rifqi; Haikal, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10564

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder and the leading cause of motor disability in children worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to examine the risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of cerebral palsy based on recent scientific literature. This article includes a systematic literature review using the PRISMA method and selected 15 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review were obtained risk factors for cerebral palsy include intrauterine infection, preeclampsia, premature birth, asphyxia, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and hyperbilirubinemia. These risk factors can disrupt neurogenesis and brain maturation, leading to structural and functional damage to the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of cerebral palsy include impaired muscle tone, abnormal reflexes, and postural deformities, classified as spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic, and assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is established through evaluation of the clinical history, neurological/motor examination, neuroimaging, and genetic testing. Cerebral palsy management aims to improve functionality, ability, and health in movement, cognition, social interaction, and independence. Non-pharmacological management focuses on physiotherapy and occupational therapy to improve motor skills, reduce spasticity, and support independence. The mainstay of pharmacotherapy in cerebral palsy management uses systemic medications that are symptom-based and directed at specific movement disorders.
Diverticulitis: A Literature Review Husnul Khotimah, Andi; Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan; Haikal, Muhammad; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Zubaedi, Alisha Chaerani; Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha; Nurhidayati, Nurhidayati
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10317

Abstract

Diverticulitis is an inflammatory disease of the intestinal wall that often occurs in the elderly and is commonly located in the sigmoid colon. Risk factors for diverticulitis include a low-fiber diet, obesity and smoking, while physical activity and a healthy diet can lower the risk. Treatment of diverticulitis includes the use of selective antibiotics, especially in patients with complications or high risk, and surgical intervention may be required in complicated cases. The prognosis of the disease depends on age, severity, and the presence of complications, with a significant risk of recurrence in some patients. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive explanation of the definition, classification, epidemiology, etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, management, complications, prognosis, and prevention of diverticulitis. This literature review was conducted using a literature study method, with data sources obtained from online databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, ProQuest, and Google Scholar.
Co-Authors Aghni, Hasna Tazkia Aisyah S.F., Nadine Andini, Syabila Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara Firdaus, Nadine Aisyah Sultan Hanifah, Hanum Retno Husnul Khotimah, Andi Khotimah, Andi Husnul Mikailla, Romy Healthy Muhammad Haikal Nurhidayati Nurhidayati Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha Ramadhan, Panji Sena Rizqullah, Rifqi Sabrina, Khansa Aulia Sena R., Panji Wardana, Shira Putri Wiguna, I Made Danuarta Zubaedi, Alisha Chaerani