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All Journal Jurnal Biologi Tropis
Wiguna, I Made Danuarta
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Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology

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Diagnosis and Management of Acute Respiratory Tract Infections (Pharyngitis and Laryngitis) Salsabila, Ericha Zabrina; Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara; Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Maulana, Muhammad Rafi; Ajmala, Indana Eva
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 3 (2025): Juli-September
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i3.10013

Abstract

Acute respiratory tract infections (ARI), including pharyngitis and laryngitis, remain a highly prevalent disease in Indonesia and even globally. These respiratory infections are caused by the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as Streptococcus beta hemolyticus group A. The purpose of this literature review was to identify acute respiratory tract infections (pharyngitis and laryngitis). Pharyngitis is more common in children and adolescents, while laryngitis is more common in infants and children. The review concluded that Streptococcus pyogenes is the main cause of bacterial pharyngitis, while laryngitis is an inflammation of the larynx that can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial or viral infections as well as non-infectious factors like irritation or trauma. In conclusion, a thorough understanding of acute pharyngitis and laryngitis, including causative factors, clinical manifestations, management, and prevention, is essential for both medical personnel and the general public in an effort to reduce the burden of these diseases and improve overall upper respiratory health.
Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia: A Literature Review Maulana, Muhammad Rafi; Nurmawaddah, Intan; Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila; Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara; Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Anggoro, Joko; Maulana, Akhada
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4 (2025): Oktober-Desember
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4.10078

Abstract

Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) is a slowly progressing hematological cancer characterized by the accumulation of abnormal B lymphocytes in the blood, bone marrow, and lymphatic tissue, commonly affecting the elderly. This review aims to comprehensively review the epidemiology, molecular basis of the disease, clinical symptoms, diagnosis, and therapeutic advances of CLL, emphasizing the importance of shifting treatment approaches towards more precision therapy. A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using the keywords "Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia", "epidemiology", "molecular basis of the disease", and "targeted therapy", with publication criteria between 2018–2025, full text, and topic relevance. Analysis was conducted using a narrative review and thematic synthesis approach to identify epidemiological trends, therapeutic effectiveness, and clinical implications. The results showed that the incidence of CLL is higher in Western countries compared to Asia, with a higher prevalence in elderly men. The main genetic factors that play a role include del(13q), del(17p), and TP53 mutations. Over the past decade, targeted therapies such as second-generation Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors (acalabrutinib, zanubrutinib) and the venetoclax-obinutuzumab combination have been shown to improve remission rates with fewer side effects compared to chemoimmunotherapy. Minimal Residual Disease (MRD) status has become an important marker for determining when therapy can be stopped early. In conclusion, this review underscores the crucial role of biomarkers and MRD in modern CLL management. Future developments include the integration of personalized therapy approaches and translational research to develop more effective and safe treatment strategies.
Comparison of Antioxidant Activity Test of Red Dragon Fruit Extract 70% Ethanol Solvent and 96% Ethanol Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Anak Agung Ayu Niti Wedayani; Restuningdyah, Novia Andansari Putri; Ni Ketut Susilawati; Eka Arie Yuliyani
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 24 No. 1b (2024): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v24i1b.8171

Abstract

Super Red Dragon Fruit is known to have various compounds with high antioxidant activity, which are important in preventing or assisting therapies to reduce free radicals in the body. Different types of solvents, including ethanol, can affect the antioxidant levels in dragon fruit compounds. Therefore, it is important to determine the level of ethanol solvent that provides the highest antioxidant activity. This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant activity in red dragon fruit extract using 70% and 96% ethanol solvents and determine whether there is a difference in activity between the two. Using the true experimental method, antioxidant activity in the fruit and skin of red super dragon fruit extracted using two different solvent levels was compared. Based on the shapiro-wilk test which showed a p value of 0.410, it was found that there was no significant difference between the two solvents in terms of antioxidant activity. This result indicates that the antioxidant activity in red dragon fruit extracts with 70% and 96% ethanol solvents has no significant difference.
Cerebral Palsy: Risk Factors, Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Diagnosis, and Management Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara; Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha; Andini, Syabila; Hanifah, Hanum Retno; Wiguna, I Made Danuarta; Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini; Sabrina, Khansa Aulia; Khotimah, Andi Husnul; Wardana, Shira Putri; Rizqullah, Rifqi; Haikal, Muhammad
Jurnal Biologi Tropis Vol. 25 No. 4a (2025): Special Issue
Publisher : Biology Education Study Program, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, University of Mataram, Indonesia

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.29303/jbt.v25i4a.10564

Abstract

Cerebral palsy is a non-progressive neuromotor disorder and the leading cause of motor disability in children worldwide, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. This study aims to examine the risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of cerebral palsy based on recent scientific literature. This article includes a systematic literature review using the PRISMA method and selected 15 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results of the systematic literature review were obtained risk factors for cerebral palsy include intrauterine infection, preeclampsia, premature birth, asphyxia, and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and hyperbilirubinemia. These risk factors can disrupt neurogenesis and brain maturation, leading to structural and functional damage to the central nervous system. Clinical manifestations of cerebral palsy include impaired muscle tone, abnormal reflexes, and postural deformities, classified as spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic, and assessed using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). The diagnosis of cerebral palsy is established through evaluation of the clinical history, neurological/motor examination, neuroimaging, and genetic testing. Cerebral palsy management aims to improve functionality, ability, and health in movement, cognition, social interaction, and independence. Non-pharmacological management focuses on physiotherapy and occupational therapy to improve motor skills, reduce spasticity, and support independence. The mainstay of pharmacotherapy in cerebral palsy management uses systemic medications that are symptom-based and directed at specific movement disorders.
Co-Authors Ajmala, Indana Eva Akhada Maulana, Akhada Anak Agung Ayu Niti Wedayani Andini, Syabila Anggoro, Joko Damayanti, Ida Ayu Andara Eka Arie Yuliyani Hanifah, Hanum Retno Ilmiah, Janiya Abdila Khotimah, Andi Husnul Maulana, Muhammad Rafi Muhammad Haikal Ni Ketut Susilawati Nurmawaddah, Intan Prawira, I Nyoman Dio Yudha Restuningdyah, Novia Andansari Putri Rizqullah, Rifqi Sabrina, Khansa Aulia Salsabila, Ericha Zabrina Wardana, Shira Putri Wulandari, Baiq Nurhandini