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All Journal Jurnal Ilmu Tanah dan Lingkungan (Journal of Soil Science and Environment) Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan JURNAL TEKNOLOGI LINGKUNGAN Journal of Environmental Engineering and Sustainable Technology Journal of Mathematical and Fundamental Sciences Journal of Engineering and Technological Sciences Elkawnie Journal of Geoscience, Engineering, Environment, and Technology Journal of Science and Applicative Technology IJEMS (Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability) IKRA-ITH ABDIMAS J SIG (Jurnal Sains Informasi Geografi) Journal of Multidisciplinary Academic Al-Ard: Jurnal Teknik Lingkungan Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan dan Sains Sustainable Environmental and Optimizing Industry Journal Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Natural Science Journal Serambi Engineering (JSE)
Yuni Lisafitri, Yuni
Department Of Environmental Engineering, Faculty Of Regional And Infrastructure Technology, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung 35365, Indonesia
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Astronomy Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Civil Engineering, Building, Construction & Architecture Computer Science & IT Control & Systems Engineering Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management Earth & Planetary Sciences Education Electrical & Electronics Engineering Energy Engineering Environmental Science Immunology & microbiology Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering Materials Science & Nanotechnology Mathematics Mechanical Engineering Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Cassava-Derived Microbial Pre-Fermentation Enhances BSF Bioconversion of Cabbage Waste: A Trade-Off Between Larval Performance and Compost Maturity Lisafitri, Yuni; Arta Sinaga, Yuni; Annas Mufti, Aulia; Hasiany, Sillak; Irhamni
Elkawnie Vol. 12 No. 2 (2026): Article In Press
Publisher : Faculty of Science and Technology Universitas Islam Negeri Ar-Raniry

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22373/ekw.v12.i2.35977

Abstract

Abstract: The high moisture content and rapid decay of cabbage residues make organic market waste challenging to manage, and the black soldier fly larvae can turn this waste into protein-rich biomass and nutrient-rich residues. This study evaluated how different fermentation durations (0, 4, 7, and 10 days; coded F0, F4, F7, F10) with cassava-derived local microorganisms affect the bioconversion of cabbage waste during a 14-day BSF feeding period, focusing on waste reduction, larval performance, conversion efficiency, and residue chemistry. All measurements used three biological replicates per treatment and were analysed by one-way and mixed ANOVA with Tukey HSD post-hoc tests. Pre-fermentation significantly raised the waste reduction index (WRI) from 6.88 ± 0.01 in F0 to 7.01–7.03 in all fermented treatments (F = 114.8, p < 0.001, η² = 0.98). Final larval biomass, efficiency of conversion of ingested feed (ECI), and feed conversion ratio (FCR) all peaked at F4 (251.7 ± 1.7 mg larva⁻¹; ECI = 12.96 ± 0.12 %; FCR = 7.72 ± 0.07), each significantly outperforming F0 (p < 0.05). Specific growth rate was lowest at F10 (31.6 ± 1.5 % day⁻¹), significantly below F4 (36.0 ± 0.2 % day⁻¹), indicating that prolonged fermentation depresses larval performance, an effect not previously emphasised in the literature. Liquid residue potassium showed a non-monotonic response, peaking at F4–F7 and dropping back to control levels at F10 (0.45 ± 0.04 %; F = 75.2, p < 0.001), while liquid carbon collapsed from 0.55 % to 0.14 % at F10. Solid residue C/N ratios met the SNI 19-7030-2004 mature-compost range (10–20) only for F7 and F10. Overall, 4-day pre-fermentation with cassava-derived MOL best balances bioconversion efficiency, larval yield, and compost maturity, providing a practical, low-cost strategy for sustainable BSF-based valorisation of cabbage market waste by industries and local farmers through shorter processing times sustainably. Abstrak: Kadar air yang tinggi dan laju pembusukan yang cepat pada limbah kubis menjadikan limbah organik pasar sulit dikelola, sementara larva black soldier fly (BSF) mampu mengubah limbah tersebut menjadi biomassa kaya protein dan residu yang kaya nutrisi. Penelitian ini mengevaluasi pengaruh berbagai lama fermentasi (0, 4, 7, dan 10 hari; dikodekan sebagai F0, F4, F7, dan F10) menggunakan mikroorganisme lokal (MOL) berbahan dasar singkong terhadap biokonversi limbah kubis selama periode pemeliharaan larva BSF selama 14 hari, dengan fokus pada reduksi limbah, performa larva, efisiensi konversi, dan karakteristik kimia residu. Seluruh pengukuran dilakukan menggunakan tiga ulangan biologis untuk setiap perlakuan dan dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA satu arah dan ANOVA campuran yang dilanjutkan dengan uji lanjut Tukey HSD. Pra-fermentasi secara signifikan meningkatkan waste reduction index (WRI) dari 6,88 ± 0,01 pada F0 menjadi 7,01–7,03 pada seluruh perlakuan fermentasi (F = 114,8; p < 0,001; η² = 0,98). Biomassa akhir larva, efficiency of conversion of ingested feed (ECI), dan feed conversion ratio (FCR) semuanya mencapai nilai tertinggi pada F4 (251,7 ± 1,7 mg larva⁻¹; ECI = 12,96 ± 0,12%; FCR = 7,72 ± 0,07), yang secara signifikan lebih baik dibandingkan F0 (p < 0,05). Specific growth rate terendah ditemukan pada F10 (31,6 ± 1,5% hari⁻¹), secara signifikan lebih rendah dibandingkan F4 (36,0 ± 0,2% hari⁻¹), yang menunjukkan bahwa fermentasi berkepanjangan menurunkan performa larva, suatu fenomena yang belum banyak ditekankan dalam literatur. Kandungan kalium pada residu cair menunjukkan respons yang tidak monoton, mencapai puncak pada F4–F7 sebelum kembali ke tingkat kontrol pada F10 (0,45 ± 0,04%; F = 75,2; p < 0,001), sedangkan kandungan karbon cair menurun drastis dari 0,55% menjadi 0,14% pada F10. Rasio C/N residu padat memenuhi kisaran kompos matang menurut SNI 19-7030-2004 (10–20) hanya pada F7 dan F10. Secara keseluruhan, pra-fermentasi selama 4 hari menggunakan MOL berbahan dasar singkong memberikan keseimbangan terbaik antara efisiensi biokonversi, hasil biomassa larva, dan kematangan kompos, sehingga menjadi strategi yang praktis dan berbiaya rendah untuk mendukung valorisasi limbah kubis berbasis BSF yang berkelanjutan oleh industri dan petani lokal melalui waktu pengolahan yang lebih singkat.
Co-Authors Alam, Firdha Cahya Alfian Zurfi Alfian Zurfi Alfian Zurfi Annas Mufti, Aulia Arta Sinaga, Yuni Asril, Muhammad Aulia Annas Mufti Aulia Annas Mufti Aulia Annas Mufti Bambang Prasetio Bambang Prasetio Bayo Alhusaeri Siregar Chairunnisa Chairunnisa Chairunnisa Chairunnisa Chairunnisa Chairunnisa Deni O Lestari Devi Kurnia Sari Dian Neli Pratiwi Dion Awfa Dudung Muhally Hakim DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA EDWAN KARDENA Endang Setiawati Erlina Kurnianingtyas Esya Desfia Putri Fajriharish Nur Awan Fajriharish Nur Awan Fitralia Elyza Gabriella Anggi Renca Harliyanti, Putri Irhamni Irhamni Irhamni Kurnianingtyas, Erlina Mariyam Mariyam Merza Rahmawati Meysha Azhara Mia Erpinda Mufti, Aulia Annas Muhammad Akram Muhammad Asril Muhammad Ulin Nuha Mutiara Fajar Nabila Putriyandri Alifa Nadia Dhannov Naibaho, Riadi Tomson Eventius Novi K Sari Novi Kartika Sari Nur Faizaturrohmah Putri, Intan Andriani Raden Putra RAHAYU WIDYASTUTI Rifka Noor Azizah Rizka Firdausi Pertiwi Sillak Hasiany Sillak Hasiany Sillak Hasiany, Sillak Simarmata, nirmawana Suci Wulandari Tastaptyani K Nufutomo Tastaptyani K. Nufutomo Tastaptyani Kurnia Nufutomo Yanies Meiyanti