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All Journal Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum Jurnal Ius Constituendum Unes Law Review
Nelvina Djaja
Universitas Pelita Harapan
Education Law, Crime, Criminology & Criminal Justice Physics Public Health Social Sciences

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Pertanggungjawaban Hukum Dalam Praktik Carbon Trading di Indonesia Irene Puteri Alfani Sofia Sinaga; Eka Nurhikmah; Nelvina Djaja
UNES Law Review Vol. 8 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Program Magister Ilmu Hukum, Universitas Ekasakti

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.31933/3svnez68

Abstract

Perdagangan Karbon (carbon trading) merupakan salah satu praktik sebagai solusi untuk mengurangi emisi gas rumah kaca(emisi GRK), hal ini dapat dilihat melalui ratifikasi-ratifikasi baik itu Kyoto Protocol ataupun Paris Agreement yang dilakukan oleh berbagai negara. Carbon trading melalui Paris Agreement juga diratifikasi oleh Indonesia, dalam Perpres RI Nomor 98 Tahun 2021 tentang Penyelenggaraan Nilai Ekonomi Karbon Untuk Pencapaian Target Kontribusi yang Ditetapkan Secara Nasional dan Pengendalian Gas Rumah Kaca dalam Pembangunan Nasional. Indonesia mempunyai berbagai kebijakan atau peraturan yang mengatur mengenai carbon trading. Dengan begitu, perlu dikaji mengenai konsistensi, kepastian hukum, bentuk dan batasan pertanggungjawaban hukum dagang dalam praktik tersebut, sehingga muncul rumusan penelitian mengenai 1) bagaimana konsistensi dan kepastian hukum dalam pengaturan carbon trading di Indonesia di tengah regulasi yang tersebar di berbagai sektor. 2) bagaimana bentuk dan batas pertanggungjawaban hukum dagang bagi pelaku usaha dan pemerintah dalam implementasi carbon trading di Indonesia. Dalam penelitian, penulis menggunakan data sekunder yaitu dengan studi kepustakaan (library research), dengan metode induktif melalui pendekatan statute dan comparative approach. Hasil pembahasan pertama adalah meskipun Indonesia telah memiliki kerangka regulasi carbon trading yang cukup lengkap, kepastian dan konsistensi hukum masih menghadapi tantangan akibat fragmentasi aturan, tumpang tindih kewenangan, dan lemahnya koordinasi antar lembaga. Kedua, pelaku usaha menanggung kewajiban administratif, finansial, dan kontraktual; pemerintah bertanggung jawab pada aspek normatif, administratif, dan konstitusional dengan batas pada level sistemik; sedangkan bursa karbon hanya memikul tanggung jawab administratif dan kelembagaan.Carbon Trading
Legal Liability of Bottled Drinking Water Companies for Circulating Reusable Gallons Beyond Their Lifespan Nelvina Djaja; Audrianna Richella; Michelle Jesslyn; Jerry Shalmont
Jurnal Cakrawala Hukum Vol. 17 No. 2 (2026): August 2026
Publisher : Faculty of Law, University of Merdeka Malang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26905/idjch.v17i2.17247

Abstract

This article analyses the legal liability of bottled drinking water (BDW) companies for circulating reusable gallon containers exceeding their technical lifespan, focusing on corporate-compliance failure and its consumer-protection implications. Normatively (das sollen), Law Number 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection guarantees consumers’ rights to comfort, security and safety; empirically (das sein), findings by the Indonesian Consumers Community (KKI) in late 2025 show that 57 per cent of reusable gallons circulating in Jabodetabek have exceeded their reasonable lifespan, exposing consumers to polycarbonate degradation and potential Bisphenol-A (BPA) migration. Using a normative juridical method with statutory and conceptual approaches, this study finds such practices constitute both a corporate-compliance failure and a violation of consumers’ rights under Articles 4, 7 and 8 of Law Number 8/1999. The absence of an explicit, quantitative lifespan standard is identified as a normative gap perpetuating information asymmetry between business actors and consumers. Compared with the European Union’s stricter BPA trajectory and neighbouring ASEAN jurisdictions, whose BPA bans remain confined to infant feeding bottles, Indonesia’s migration limit lags both international and regional consensus. The study recommends strengthening corporate compliance and internal control, together with regulatory reform establishing explicit lifespan and refill-cycle limits for reusable gallon containers.
Legal Certainty and Due Care in Land Measurement :Evaluating Inconsistency Land Official's Action Eka Nurhikmah; Nelvina Djaja; Amanda Sela Sadina; Dwi Putra Nugraha
Jurnal Ius Constituendum Vol. 11 No. 2 (2026): JUNE
Publisher : Magister Hukum Universitas Semarang

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.26623/jic.v11i2.13996

Abstract

This study examines the application of the General Principles of Good Governance (AUPB), particularly legal certainty and due care, in State Administrative Decisions concerning land measurement in Indonesia, with a focus on inconsistencies in administrative reasoning. While AUPB is formally recognized as a normative standard guiding administrative action, its practical implementation remains fragmented and often fails to ensure consistent decision-making. Employing a normative juridical method with case, conceptual, and comparative approaches, this research analyzes Decision No. 39/G/2025/PTUN.JKT and Decision No. 132/G/2025/PTUN.BDG to identify patterns of inconsistency in administrative and judicial reasoning. The findings reveal that contradictory legal reasoning and inadequate verification of factual and juridical data constitute violations of AUPB, undermining the legitimacy of administrative decisions and generating legal uncertainty for rights holders. These inconsistencies reflect not merely procedural deficiencies but structural limitations in the Indonesian administrative law framework, which predominantly relies on reactive judicial control rather than preventive governance mechanisms. By comparing Indonesia with the United States administrative law system, this study highlights the importance of structured reasoning standards and ex ante procedural safeguards in ensuring accountability. The novelty of this research lies in reconceptualizing administrative inconsistency as a systemic doctrinal issue and proposing the integration of technology-based verification and digital traceability as mechanisms to operationalize legal certainty and due care. The study contributes theoretically by bridging the gap between AUPB as a normative principle and its application in adjudication, and practically by offering policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen consistency, transparency, and accountability in land administration.
Co-Authors Amanda Sela Sadina Audrianna Richella Dwi Putra Nugraha Eka Nurhikmah Irene Puteri Alfani Sofia Sinaga Michelle Jesslyn Shalmont, Jerry