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Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Sam Ratulangi University, Manado, North Sulawesi, Indonesia, 95115
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INDONESIA
PHARMACON
Published by Universitas Sam Ratulangi
ISSN : 23022493     EISSN : 27214923     DOI : 10.35799
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Pharmacon is the journal published by Pharmacy Study Program, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Sam Ratulangi University, Indonesia (P-ISSN: 2302-2493 E-ISSN: 2721-4923). Pharmacon was established in 2012 and published four times a year. Pharmacon is an open access journal and has been indexed by main indexing Google Scholar, GARUDA, Crossref.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,131 Documents
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Analisis Residu Klorpirifos Pada Sawi Hijau (Brassica Rapa Var.Parachinensis L.) Terhadap Parameter Waktu Retensi Metode Kromatografi Gas Marzuki, Asnah
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 4 (2014): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.6574

Abstract

Analisis Residu Klorpirifos  Pada Sawi Hijau (Brassica Rapa Var.Parachinensis L.) Terhadap Parameter  Waktu Retensi Metode Kromatografi Gas   Asnah Marzuki1), Tajuddin Naid1), Risky S1) 1)Fakultas Farmasi Universitas Hasanuddin . ABSTRACT The purposed of the research is analyzed the chlorpyrifos in green mustard of the retention time parameter with gas chromatography. The green mustard was collected of ready  harvest condition with sample collecting point on diagonal form in the farm. As standard was used chlorpyrifos 99,9%. The research was begin  with make the standard at 0,05 ppm and sample extraction was made duplo. Standard solution and sample was injected  by rolling over in the gas chromatography with column of fused silica Rtx®-1 (Crossbond® dimetyl polisiloxan length 30 meter, inner diameter 0,25 mm and the partikel diameter of stationary phase fase diam 0,25 µm), electron capture detector, carrier gas nitrogen with flow rate 1,61 mL/min, conditioned at column temperature 250ºC, injector temperature 280ºC and detector temperature 300ºC and operating time for 15 minutes. The parameter was used is time retention (tR). the result showed at chromatogram in sample I and II, time retention was obtained similar with standard solution time retention although showed time retention difference above required limit while in sample I and II having the characteistic retention time of standard solution. The retention time based on gas chromatography method can be knew the concentration of chlorpyrifos as 1,0024 mg/kg but it still on tolerance threshold the maximum residue limits (MRL) is 0,1 mg/kg.   Keywords: Chlorpyrifos, Brassica rapa var.parachinensis L,Time retention, Gas Chromatography   ABSTRAK   Telah dilakukan analisis residu Klorpirifos  pada Sawi Hijau (Brassica Rapa Var. Parachinensis L.), terhadap parameter waktu retensi metode khromatografi gas pada sawi hijau (Brassica rapa var.parachinensis L.) secara kromatografi gas. Sawi hijau diambil pada kondisi siap panen dengan titik pengambilan sampel bentuk diagonal dari lahan. Sebagai standar digunakan klorpirifos 99,9 %. Penelitian  diawali dengan pembuatan standar pada konsentrasi 0,05 bpj dan ekstraksi sampel  dilakukan secara duplo. Larutan standar dansampel diinjeksikan secara bergantian ke dalam alat KG dengan kolom fused silica Rtx®-1 (Crossbond® dimetil polisiloksan panjang 30 meter, diameter dalam 0,25 mm dan diameter partikel fase diam 0,25 µm), detektor penangkap elektron (ECD), gas pembawa nitrogen dengan kecepatan alir 1,61 ml/menit, dikondisikan pada suhu kolom 250ºC, suhu injektor 280ºC dan suhu detektor 300ºC serta waktu pengoperasian selama 15 menit. Parameter yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah waktu retensi (tR). Hasil analisis data menunjukkan pada kromatogram sampel I dan sampel ll, waktu retensi yang diperoleh hampir sama dengan waktu retensi darikromatogram larutan standar, walaupun tetap memperlihatkan perbedaan waktu retensi melebihi batas persyaratan. Sedangkan pada kromatogram sampei l dan sampel II diperoleh gambaran yang nilainya mendekati waktu retensipuncak khas pada standar. Waktu retensi  menurut  metode  Kromatografi  Gas,dapat diketahui kadar residu klorpirifos adalah 0,0024 mg/kg, tetapi masih dalam ambang toleransi BMR yakni 0,1 mg/kg.   Kata kunci : Klorpirifos, Brassica rapa var.parachinensis L,Waktu Retensi, Kromatografi Gas  
UJI AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI FRAKSI BUAH SIRIH HUTAN (Piper cubeba) DENGAN METODE DPPH Budiarso, Leo
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.4784

Abstract

This study was intended to determine the antioxidative effects from the fraction of betel (Piper cubeba) fruits. Betel fruits was dried with wind dried method for 3 days, and extracted with maseration method with Ethanol 80%. Furthermore betel fruits extract liquid successively fractioned using petroleum eter, etyl acetate, butanol, ethanol and aquades. The antioxidative effect of the fraction were determined by 1,1-diphenyl-2-pycrylhydrazyl (DPPH). Total phenolic content were determined using Folin-Ciocalteu method. The result of this study indicate that the butanol fraction has the highest content of total phenolic followed by etyl acetate, petroleum eter, aquades and ethanol. Total phenolic content of a row is 38.67; 30.30; 28.87; 25.00 and 19.89 mg/kg. Butanol fraction also has the highest antioxidative effect than the other fraction. This research concludes fraction of butanol can act as antioxidant as well, and betel fruits can be a natural antioxidant resources.   Key words : betel fruit, antioxidant, fraction, total phenolic content, DPPH    
AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DARI EKSTRAK TONGKOL JAGUNG (Zea mays L.) Saleh, Lisa Purnawati; Suryanto, Edi; Yudistira, Adithya
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.465

Abstract

The objective of this research was to determine the potential antioxidant phytochemicalextracts corn cob (Zea mays L.). Corn cobs extracted using maceration method for 1x24 hours.Determination of phytochemical content is done by calculating the total phenolic. Testingantioxidant activity using free-radical scavengers DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-pikrilhidrazil). Results ofthis research showed that the extract of corn cobs have total phenolic. Extract 60% corn cobs haveprophylactic activity of free radicals, followed by extract 40, 80 and 20%. Conclusion of thisresearch is corn cob extracts have potential as antioxidants phytochemicals.Keywords : corn cob, antioxidant, phenolic, DPPH
UJI EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN SALAM (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp) TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR ASAM URAT TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus novergicus L.) YANG DIINDUKSI POTASIUM OKSONAT Sinaga, Agnes Filadelfia
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5410

Abstract

ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extracts of bay leaves (Syzygium poliyanthum(Wight.) Walp) on the uric acids level of white male rats winstar strain (Rattus norvegius L.) induced by potassium oxonate. Extraction was done by maceration using 96% solvent. The subject of this research were 15 white male rats winstar strain who were divided into 3 groups which are positive control group, negative control group and treatment with doses 3.207 gram/weight, 6.413 gram/weight and 12.826 gram/weight. This study was experimental laboratorium research. The data were processed in the form of ANOVA and LSD (Least Significantly Difference) test results to compare the positive control group, negative control group and treatment group. Statistic result analysis showed that significant differences between the negative control group and treatment group, positive control group and the treatment group, but did not show significant differences between positive control group and treatment.   Key words : Bay leaves, Uric acids, Potassium oxonate, Rattus norvegius L.   ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol daun Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight.) Walp) terhadap penurunan kadar asam urat tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) yang diinduksi potasium oksonat. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara maserasi menggunakan pelarut 96%. Subjek penelitian berupa tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.) berjumlah 15 ekor yang dibagi dalam 3 kelompok yaitu kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok kontrol negatif dan kelompok perlakuan dengan dosis 3,207 g/BB, 6,413 g/BB, dan 12,826 g/BB. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratorium dengan menggunakan tikus putih jantan jantan galur wistar sebagai hewan uji. Data diolah berupa hasil uji ANOVA dan LSD (Least Significantly Difference) untuk membandingkan antara kelompok kontrol positif, kelompok kontrol negatif, dan kelompok perlakuan. Hasil analisis statistika menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan antara kelompok kontrol negatif dan perlakuan, kelompok kontrol positif dan perlakuan, tetapi tidak menunjukkan perbedaan signifikan kelompok kontrol kontrol positif dan perlakuan.   Kata kunci : Daun Salam, Kadar Asam Urat, Potasium Oksonat, Rattus norvegicus L..  
4. AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL FENOLIK EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (Moringa oleifera LAM) Toripah, Shintia Susanti
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 4 (2014): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.6043

Abstract

AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN DAN KANDUNGAN TOTAL FENOLIK EKSTRAK DAUN KELOR (MORINGA OLEIFERA LAM).   Shintia Susanti Toripah, Jemmy Abidjulu, Frenly Wehantouw Program Studi Farmasi Fakultas MIPA UNSRAT Manado   ABSTRACT Moringa lam olifera is a herbaceous plant that consist of phytochemicals such as flavonoids, saponins cytokinins, acid-caffeolylquinat and contain unsaturated fatty acids such as linoleic (omega 6) and alfalinolenat (omega 3). The purpose of this study was to examine antioxidant activity and determine total phenolic content of Moringa leaf extracts of Moringa Lam Oliefera. Extraction was done by solvent fractionation with methanol, chloroform and ethyl acetate. Testing of antioxidant activity was done by DPPH method (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) using spectrophotometer at  wavelength  517 nm. Total phenolic content test was conducted using Folin, ciocateau metnod, shows that IC50 value of ethyl acetate fraction was 117.19 ppm, chloroform-methanol was 189.09 ppm, 286.75 ppm chloroform and methanol at 111.7 ppm. Total Phenolic content of Moringa leaves methanol fraction was 126.52 mg / kg equivalents of gallic acid.   Key words : Moringa olifera Lam, Total phenolics, antioxidant, DPPH.     ABSTRAK Kelor (Moringa oliefera Lam) merupakan tanaman perdu  yang mengandung flavonoid, saponin sitokinin, asam-caffeolylquinat dan mengandung asam lemak tak jenuh seperti linoleat (omega 6) dan alfalinolenat (omega 3). Tujuan penelitian yaitu menguji aktivitas antioksidan dan menentukan kandungan total fenolik dari ekstrak daun kelor Moringa Oliefera Lam. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan cara fraksinasi menggunakan pelarut metanol, kloroform dan etil asetat. Pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-difenil-2-pikrilhidrazil) yang diukur menggunakan spektrofotometer pada panjang gelombang 517 nm. Uji fitokimia total fenolik dilakukan menggunakan metode folin Ciocalteav. Berdasarkan hasil yang diperoleh, nilai IC50 fraksi etil asetat sebesar 117,19 ppm, kloroform-metanol sebesar 189,09 ppm, kloroform sebesar 286,75 ppm dan metanol 111,7 ppm.  Kandungan total fenolik dari fraksi metanol daun kelor sebesar 126,52 mg/kg ekivalen asam galat   Kata kunci : Daun Kelor (Moringa oleifera Lam), Total Fenolik, antioksidan, DPPH.
ANALISIS KANDUNGAN AKRILAMIDA DALAM UBI GORENG YANG DIJUAL DI KOTA MANADO MENGGUNAKAN KROMATOGRAFI CAIR KINERJA TINGGI (KCKT) Sengke, Clara A.; Citraningtyas, Gayatri; Wehantouw, Frenly
PHARMACON Vol 2, No 3 (2013): pharmacon
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.2.2013.2388

Abstract

ABSTRACTAcrylamide is caused by a high temperature (more than 1200C) in the food that contains highcarbohydrate. Acrylamide was classified as senyawa that caused cancer or have highpotention as carcinogenic compound in the human body. Junk food which mostly eaten bypeople is fries. The aims of this research were to identify how much acrylamide was containsin sweet potato fries that has been sell at Manado City using High Performance LiquidChromatography (HPLC) method. The samples that has been identified is came from 7 storein 7 sub district at Manado City. In this research, the acrylamide were analysed with HighPerformance Liquid Chromatography using Shim-Pack VP-ODS (4,6 x 250 mm) column,comparison of mobile phase acetonitrile and phosphate acid 11,45 mM (20 : 80), flow rate 1ml/minute and at wave length 210 nm. The result shows acrylamide found in sweet potatofries with retention time ±3,311 minutes. Acrylamide that contains in sweet potato frieswhich has been sell in Manado City were 118,54-866,75 μg/kg. Acrylamide level that foundin sweet potato fries is still under lethal dose.Keywords : Acrylamide, sweet potato fries, HPLC, Manado
UJI EFEKTIVITAS EKSTRAK ETANOL KULIT BUAH LABU SIAM (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz ) SEBAGAI DIURETIK PADA TIKUS JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus novergicus) Lumban Gaol, Riris Iriany
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.4773

Abstract

The study aimed at finding out the effectiveness of chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz) rind ethanol extract  as diuretic and the relationship of  the increases dose of chayote rind ethanol extract. Completely randomized design method was used in this experiment. The subject of the experiment were fifteen white male rats strain Wistar (Rattus novergicus) were divided into five groups of treatment, namely negative control group (CMC 0,5% suspension), positive control group (furosemide suspension), the dose 0,033 g/kg bw of chayote rind ethanol extract group, the dose 0,066 g/kg bw of chayote rind ethanol extract group, and the dose 0,132 g/kg bw of chayote rind ethanol extract group. The test of diuretic effect were conducted by calculate volume of excreted urine during 6 hours treatment. The results show, diuretic activity increases on the giving of chayote rind ethanol extract. Data were analyzed using spss ver.16. the differences between treatments were analyzed using one way ANOVA.  The dose of chayote rind ethanol extract 0,033 g/kg bw was the most optimum diuretic activity. The increasing dose of chayote rind ethanol extract did not show a better result.   Key words : Sechium edule (Jacq.) Swartz, diuretic effectiveness, Rattus novergicus
Analisis Kandungan Akrilamida Dalam Pisang Goreng Yang Beredar di Kota Manado Menggunakan Kromatografi Cair Kinerja Tinggi (KCKT) Tandi, Debora; Fatimawali, Fatimawali; Wehantouw, Frenly
PHARMACON Vol 1, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.1.2012.490

Abstract

Acrylamide can be formed as a consequence of heating athigh temperature (more than1200C) in food contains high of carbohydrate. Acrylamide was classified as carcinogeniccompound to human being. Junk food which mostly eaten by people is fries. The objectiveof this research is to identify acrylamide in banana fries marketed in Manado city usingHigh Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Samples were taken from 12 places,by 6 sub district Manado City. Acrylamide were analyzed by HPLC using Shim-Pack VPODS(4,6 x 250 nm) column, comparison of mobile phase acetonitrile and phospate acid11,45 mM (5:95), flow rate 1 ml/minuteand at wave lenght 210 nm. The result shows thatAcrylamide contains in banana fries with retention time ±4,284 minutes. Acrylamidecontained in banana fries which marketed in Manado City were 39,65 – 1789,52 μg/kg.Acrylamide level in banana fries is at under lethal dose (LD50)Keywords : Acrylamide, banana fries, HPLC, Manado
UJI EFEK EKSTRAK ETANOL PATIKAN KEBO (Euphorbia hirta Linn.) SEBAGAI DIURETIK PADA TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvegicus sp.) Lingga, Irene Sondang
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5401

Abstract

ABSTRACT Empirically, Indonesian society using patikan kebo as a laxative urine (diuretic), but have not done scientific research. This study aimed to examine the effects of the ethanol of the patikan Kebo (Euphorbia hirta Linn) extract on white male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) as a diuretic. A total of 15 test animals were divided into 5 groups, namely the negative control (CMC 0,5% suspension), positive control (furosemide 5,04 mg/KgBB suspension), suspension of the ethanol extract of the patikan kebo dose 0,045 g/KgBB, dose 0,09 g/KgBB, and dose 0,18g/KgBB. Tests on the diuretic effect is done by measuring the volume of urine released for 6 hours. Data were analyzed with SPSS ver. 20, one-way ANOVA test to see the difference in average each treatment group, if there is a significant difference followed by LSD test to see any significant between treatment groups. The results of the test LSD showed that treatment groups from suspension of ethanol extract patikan kebo dose 0,045 g/KgBB does not give any significant effect with suspension CMC 0,5%, than the of ethanol patikan kebo extract dose 0,09 g/KgBB and suspension of ethanol patikan kebo extracts dose 0,18 g/KgBB give a significant increased urine effect.   Key words : Patikan Kebo, diuretics, Rattus norvegicus.       ABSTRAK Secara empiris, masyarakat indonesia menggunakan patikan kebo sebagai peluruh air seni (diuretik), namun belum dilakukan penelitian secara ilmiah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji efek ekstrak etanol patikan kebo (Euphorbia hirta Linn) pada tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus) sebagai diuretik. Sebanyak 15 ekor hewan uji dibagi menjadi 5 kelompok perlakuan, yaitu kontrol negatif (suspensi CMC 0,5%), kontrol positif (suspensi furosemid 5,04 mg/KgBB), suspensi ekstrak etanol patikan kebo dengan dosis 0,045 g/KgBB, dosis 0,09 g/KgBB, dan dosis 0,18 g/KgBB. Pengujian terhadap efek diuretik dilakukan dengan mengukur volume urin yang dikeluarkan selama 6 jam. Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan spss ver. 20, uji one way ANOVA untuk melihat perbedaan rata-rata setiap kelompok perlakuan, jika terdapat beda nyata dilanjutkan dengan uji LSD untuk melihat signifikan antara setiap kelompok perlakuan. Hasil uji LSD menunjukkkan kelompok perlakuan dari suspensi ekstrak etanol patikan kebo 0,045 g/KgBB tidak jauh berbeda dengan suspensi CMC 0,5%, dibandingkan suspensi ekstrak etanol herba patikan kebo 0,09 g/KgBB dan suspensi ekstrak etanol patikan kebo dengan dosis 0,18 g/KgBB memberikan efek peningkatan urin yang signifikan.   Kata kunci : Patikan Kebo, diuretik, Rattus norvegicus sp.
UJI EFEKTIVITAS JUS BUAH JAMBU BIJI MERAH (Psidium guajava, Linn.) TERHADAP KADAR HEMOGLOBIN (HB) DARAH TIKUS PUTIH JANTAN GALUR WISTAR (Rattus norvergicus L.) Sambou, Christel Nataniel
PHARMACON Vol 3, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SAM RATULANGI

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.35799/pha.3.2014.5375

Abstract

ABSTRACT Red guava (Psidium guajava, Linn.) is trusted by the public as a drug which serves to increase blood hemoglobin levels. This study aimed at determining the effect of increased volume of red Guava fruit juice on blood hemoglobin levels of white male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus L.). This type of research is experimental laboratory using the male Wistar rats which were divided into 5 treatment groups. Treatment group 1 (KP1) were administered with aquadest, KP2 were administered with sangobion, KP3 were administered with Guava fruit juice 2 mL/bw, KP4 were administered with guava fruit juice 2.5 mL/bw and KP5 were administered with fruit juice Guava 3 mL/bw. Each treatment administered orally, 3 times daily for 3 days. Data were analyzed by paired t-test and One Way ANOVA. The result shows that red guava fruit juice can increase the blood hemoglobin levels, while the statistical test doesn’t show any  significant difference  between the increased volume of Red Guava juice   Key words : Psidium guajava Linn, Rattus novergicus L, Hemoglobin (Hb)       ABSTRAK Jambu biji merah (Psidium guajava, Linn.) dipercaya oleh masyarakat sebagai obat untuk meningkatkan kadar hemoglobin darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh dan hubungan peningkatan volume pemberian jus buah Jambu biji merah (Psidium guajava Linn.) terhadap kadar hemoglobin darah tikus putih jantan galur wistar (Rattus norvegicus L.). Jenis penelitian ini ialah eksperimental laboratorium yang dibagi dalam 5 kelompok perlakuan. Kelompok perlakuan (KP1) 1 diberi aquades, KP2 diberi larutan sangobion, KP3 diberi jus buah Jambu biji 2 mL/KgBB, KP4 diberi jus buah Jambu biji 2,5 mL/KgBB dan KP5 diberi jus buah Jambu biji 3 mL/KgBB. Masing-masing perlakuan diberikan secara peroral, 3 kali sehari selama 3 hari. Data dianalisis dengan uji-t data berpasangan (Pired t-test) dan uji analisis varians satu arah (One Way ANOVA). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan jus buah Jambu biji merah memberikan pengaruh peningkatkan kadar hemoglobin darah yang secara uji statistik tidak terdapat perbedaan yang signifikan pemberian peningkatan volume jus buah Jambu biji merah.   Kata kunci : Psidium guajava Linn, Rattus novergicus L, Hemoglobin (Hb)  

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