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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,118 Documents

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Etiological patterns of bacterial meningitis in neonatal sepsis Andy Setiawan; Idham Amir; Alan R. Tumbelaka
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 1 (2006): January 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.1.2006.32-6

Background Sepsis and meningitis are major causes of mortalityand morbidity in neonates. The prevalence of sepsis is around 1-4out of every 1000 live births, and one-fourth is accompanied bymeningitis. These numbers are higher in prematures.Objective To find out the prevalence and etiological patterns ofbacterial meningitis in neonatal sepsis, and the pattern of antibi-otic susceptibility for organisms causing bacterial meningitis.Methods This was a cross sectional study, conducted in the neo-natal ward and emergency room at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospi-tal from October 2003 to October 2004.Results Seventy two neonates fulfilled the inclusion criteria andwere examined for blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) cultures.Sixty out of 72 neonates were proven for sepsis. Bacterial menin-gitis was found in 18 neonates, and all cases were accompaniedby sepsis. Positive CSF cultures were found in 12 neonates. Theother six were diagnosed based on CSF cell count >32/Î¼l.Acinetobacter calcoaceticus was the major causative organismsin this study. The organisms were highly resistant to first line anti-biotics, except for chloramphenicol. They were also sensitive toceftazidime (second line), meropenem, and imipenem.Conclusions The prevalence of bacterial meningitis in neonatalsepsis at Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital was 18/60 in 2003-2004.The major causative organism was Acinetobacter calcoaceticus.Antibiotic resistance was very high and only chloramphenicol,ceftazidime, meropenem, and imipenem remain effective

Hand-Schuller-Christian disease Sjabaroeddin Loebis; Bistok Saing; Helena Siregar; M. Najib Loebis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 9-10 (1981): September - October 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi21.9-10.1981.205-14

A 14-month-old girl was admitted with signs of paleness, weakness and swelling of the lymphnodes in the neck and inguinal. Histopatological examination of the lymphnodes showed histiocytosis X. X-photo of the skull and pelvic bones revealed several osteolysis.Based upon clinical manifestations and histopathological examination this diseases was diagnosed as the rare disease Hand-SchÃ¼ller-Christian disease.

Policies and Practices Recommended in Feeding Older Infants (more than 6 months and under 1 year) and Young Children (1 to 2 years) in Indonesia R. Sutedjo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 14 No 11-12 (1974): November - December 1974
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

In general breast milk production starts biologically to decrease by the infant's age of approximately 5 months, so that supplementary feeding becomes necessary by that age. In fact, at the age of 2 months supplementation can already be started once or twice daily in the form of a biscuit (20 gm) soaked in milk or tea or in the form of fruits either banana (50 gm), papaya (50 gm) or orange juice (50 gm).

Clinical benefits of vitamin A supplementation in infants and children with severe pneumonia Prisca T.; J. S. Lisal; Azis Tanra; Dasril Daud
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 3 (2007): May 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background About 190 million preschool children living indeveloping countries are at risk of vitamin A deficiency. VitaminA deficiency and acute respiratory tract infection (ARI) are publichealth problems in developing countries. Children with vitaminA deficiency are more susceptible to measles, respiratory tractinfection, and other infections. Some studies show that vitaminA supplements may reduce the severity of respiratory tractinfection and other systemic complications of measles, anddiarrhea.Objective To evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation ininfants and children with severe pneumonia.Methods The study was a randomized trial on children with severepneumonia. Participants were randomly assigned to either receivevitamin A in addition to standard treatment (Group A), orstandard treatment alone (Group C). Time to achieve the normalrespiratory rate, time to achieve disappearance of subcostalretractions and fine rales were compared between the 2 groups.Result There was no significant difference in the achievement ofnormal respiratory rate between the vitamin group and the controlgroup (3.08 days vs 3.29 days). There was also no significantdifference in the disappearance of subcostal retractions amongthe two groups (2.30 days vs 2.48 days). However, there wassignificant difference in the disappearance of fine rales betweenthe two groups. The disappearance of fine rales in the vitamin Agroup occurred earlier (mean 3.72 days) than in the control group(mean 4.04 days) (P<0.01).Conclusions This study indicates that no significant difference inthe achievement of normal respiratory rate and disappearance ofsubcostal retractions between the vitamin A group as comparedto the control group, but there was a significant difference in thedisappearance of fine rales between two groups.

Association between hyperglycemia and organ dysfunction in shock patients Sheila Noberta; Silvia Triratna; Aditiawati Aditiawati; Syarif Husin
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 53 No 1 (2013): January 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Hyperglycemia is an important marker of bothpoor clinical outcomes and high mortality rate in critically illpatients. Glucose toxicity results in cell damage that leads toorgan dysfunction.Objective To evaluate for an association between hyperglycemiaand the incidence of organ dysfunction in shock patients.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in thepediatric intensive care unit (PICU) of Dr. Moh. HoesinHospital, Palembang from June to November 2011. Subjectswere consecutively-enrolled, shock patients without a historyof diabetes mellitus. Illness severity and organ dysfunction weredetermined by pediatric risk of mortality (PRISM) III score andpediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD) scores, respectively.Hyperglycemia was defined as a blood glucose level 2: 110 mg/dL.Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS version 15.Results Mean age of subjects was 2.30 (SD 2.93) years. MeanPRISM III score was 15 .11 (SD 5 .63). Prevalence of hyperglycemiawas 80.0%. Mean glucose level was 179.51 (SD 86.84) mgldL.Mean PELOD score was 16.02 (SD 13.87). Organ dysfunction wasobserved in 86.7% of subjects. The most common organ dysfunctionobserved in our subjects was liver dysfunction (73.3%). Therewas a significant association between hyperglycemia and organdysfunction (OR43.750;95%CI 4.036 to474.252, P=0.001). Theblood glucose level cutoff points indicative of organ dysfunction,PRISM III score 2: 8, and PELOD score 2: 20.5 were 114.5 mg/dL, 129 mgldL, and 166 mg/dL, respectively.Conclusion There is an association between hyperglycemia andorgan dysfunction. The upper limit blood glucose level indicative oforgan dysfunction is 114.5 mg/dL. A glucose level of 129 mgldL maybe considered to be a warning to start blood glucose monitoring. Alevel above 166 mgldL may be used to indicate the necessity of startinginsulin therapy intervention.

Iron profiles of preterm infants at two months of chronological age Henny Adriani Puspitasari; Endang Windiastuti; Aryono Hendarto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 5 (2016): September 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Preterm infants are vulnerable to iron deficiency (ID) due to lack of maternal iron stores, repeated phlebotomy, and the bodyâ€™s increased demand for iron during growth. The risk of ID increases at 2 months of age, when hemoglobin (Hb) levels start to decrease. Adequacy of body iron level is assessed by ferritin, serum iron (SI), transferrin saturation (Tfsat), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and Hb measurements. Objective To describe iron profiles in preterm infants at 2 months of chronological age (CA). Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2-month-old infants, born at 32-36 weeks of gestational age, and who visited the Growth and Development Clinics at Cipto Mangunkusumo, Fatmawati, or Budi Kemuliaan Hospitals. Parental interviews and medical record reviews were done during the clinic visits. Complete blood count, blood smear, SI, TIBC, Tfsat, and ferritin level tests were performed. Results Eighty-three subjects were enrolled in this study. Most subjects were male (51%) and born to mothers >20 years of age (93%). Subjectsâ€™ birth weights ranged from 1,180 g to 2,550 g. The prevalence of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) was 6% and that of ID was 10%. The lowest Hb level found in IDA infants was 6.8 g/dL, while the lowest ferritin level was 8.6 ng/mL. Median values for the other tests were as follows: SI 48 Âµg/dL, TIBC 329Âµg/dL, and Tfsat 17%. Subjects with IDA were all male (5/5), mostly achieved more than twice their birth weight (4/5), were non-iron supplemented (3/5), born to mothers with low educational background (3/5), and of low socioeconomic status (3/5). Conclusion The prevalence of IDA is 6% and that of ID is 10%. Most subjects with ID and IDA have low SI, high TIBC, low Tfsat, and low ferritin level. Most of the all-male IDA subjects weigh more than twice their birth weight, are non-iron supplemented, and born to mothers with low educational background and low socioeconomic status.

Comparing sleep disorders in urban and suburban adolescents Nur'aini Nur'aini; Sri Sofyani; Supriatmo Supriatmo; Iskandar Z. Lubis
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 5 (2014): September 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.5.2014.299-304

Background Sleep disturbances commonly occur in adolescents. Socioeconomic levels, lifestyle, and urban or suburban environments influence the sleep patterns of adolescents. The modernization process in urban environments is marked by the development of information technology media, and the lack of parental monitoring potentially influencing adolescent sleep disturbances. Sleep disturbances may affect children's physical growth, as well as their emotional, cognitive, and social development.Objective To assess for sleep disorders in urban and suburban adolescents, and to determine the factors that influence the prevalence of sleep disturbances.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 12 to 15-year-old junior high school students in urban (n=350) and suburban (n=350) environments in the city of Medan, North Sumatera. The study was undertaken from May to June 2010 using the Sleep Disorders Scale for Children (SDSC), a set of questionnaires. The SDSC was filled out by parents based on what they remembered about their children's sleep patterns in the prior 6 months.Results In the urban group, there were 133 (38.0%) subjects with sleep disturbances, 182 (52.0%) were borderline, and 35 (10.0%) were normal. In the suburban group, there were 132 (37.7%) subjects with sleep disturbances, 180 (51.4%) were borderline, and 38 (10.9%) were normal. The most influential factors for sleep disturbances in urban and suburban youth were environmental noise (P=0.001) and consuming beverages that contain caffeine (P=0.001). There were three types of sleep disorders that significantly found more in urban adolescents: disorders of initiating and maintaining sleep, disorders of excessive somnolence, and sleep hyperhidrosis.Conclusion The prevalence of sleep disturbances do not differ between urban and suburban adolescents. Howevet; there are significant differences in the types of sleep disorders experienced. The most influential factors on sleep disturbance in both areas are environmental noise and consuming beverages that contain caffeine. Â

Screening for nutritional risk in hospitalized children: comparison of two instruments Dwi Novianti; Tiangsa Sembiring; Sri Sofyani; Tri Faranita; Winra Pratita
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 57 No 3 (2017): May 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Malnutrition in hospitalized children has negative impact on morbidity, mortality, length of stay, and health-care cost. A simple screening tool is needed to detect hospital malnutrition risk in children.Objective To compare the level of agreement of the Screening Tool for Malnutrition in Pediatrics (STAMP) and Pediatric Nutritional Risk Score (PNRS) with anthropometric measurements, as screening tools for hospital malnutrition in children.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted from February to July 2014 in the Pediatric and Surgery Wards at H. Adam Malik Hospital, Medan, North Sumatera. Inclusion criteria were children aged 2 to 18 years who were hospitalized for more than 72 hours. Subjects were screened using STAMP and PNRS, and underwent anthropometric measurement on admission. The weight measurements were repeated on the 3rd and 7th days, and just before discharge. The STAMP and PNRS results were compared in terms of level of agreement with anthropometric measurements. Data were analyzed by Kappa value and Spearmanâ€™s correlation test.Results A total of 127 children were screened with both instruments. The PNRS had slight agreement with hospital malnutrition prevalence (Îº=0.175; P=0.028), while STAMP had notÂ (Îº=0.080; P=0.193). Both screening tools had weak positive correlations with length of stay, but the correlation was stronger for PNRS than for STAMP (r=0.218; P=0.014 vs. r=0.188; P=0.034, respectively). The prevalence of hospital malnutrition was 40.9%.Â Conclusions The PNRS screening tool has slight agreement with anthropometric measurement for identifying hospital malnutrition risk in children.

Results of Treatment of Hydrocephalus in Tembakau Deli Hospital, Medan, Indonesia Ahmad Dian Siregar; Z. Siregar; M. Sjabaroeddin Lubis; H. Siregar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 37 No 1-2 (1997): January - February 1997
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi37.1-2.1997.31-6

There were 9 eases of hydrocephalus that we followed up and reported in this paper. The youngest case was 3 'months. The type of hydrocephalus were: 5 cases with acquired, 2 cases with congenital and remaining cases with neoplastic hydrocephalus. Three pallets were treated medically and the others were using VP-shunt. Five patients using VP-shunt hawe functioning failure so that in three of them the shunt had to be removed and the others had to be combined with medical treatment. Only one patient revealed a benefit of shunting with clinical improvement. Two cases that VP-shunt had removed and continued with medical treatment. Three patients who were treated only by medical treatment showed good improvement. Because of the expensive for using VP-shunt and some evidence of its failure in most of our cases, we preferred to put medical treatment in the forefront before considered shunting in patients with hydrocephalus.

Meconium-stained amniotic fluid viscosity and chest x-ray findings Ricki Rajagukguk; Muhammad Sholeh Kosim; Arsita Eka Rini; Mardiana Mardiana
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 6 (2012): November 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Approximately 8-15% of all infants are born withevidence of meconium-stained amniotic fluid (MSAF). Manyof these infants rapidly initiate a good respiratory response andare othenvise vigorous. Other infants present v.ith a variety ofrespiratory distress. Chest x-ray imaging is the main test done toevaluate respiratory distress in order to differentiate pulmonaryand extrapulmonary etiologies.Objective To determine the relationship between viscosity ofMSAF and chest x-ray imaging results.Methods This cross-sectional study was held from January to June2011, as a continuation of a previous study from August 2009 toMay 2010 at Kariadi Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia. Data wastaken from medical records of babies who were born v.ith MSAF.MSAF viscosity measurements by the investigator and laboratorytechnician were assessed by Kappa test in the previous study witha result of 0.7 4. X-ray findings were determined by the radiologiston duty at that time. Chi square and logistic regressiontests wereused for statistical analysis.Results There were 48 subjects consisting of 26 males and 22females. Chest x-ray imaging results showed normal findings in33.3% of subjects, pneumonia in 58.3% of subjects and meconiumaspiration syndrome in 8.3% of subjects. Thick viscosity MSAFwas significantly correlated to abnormal x-ray imaging (RR= 2.046;P=0.004; 95%CI 1.12 t03.72).Conclusion Thick MSAF viscosity significantly increased therisk of abnormal chest x-ray findings. [Paediatr Indones.2012;52:336-40].

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