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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,118 Documents

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Immunization competence retention in medical students: a comparation between conventional lectures and lectures with simulations method Hartono Gunadi; Rini Sekartini; Retno Asti Werdhani; Ardi Findyartini; Muhammad Arvianda Kevin Kurnia
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 6 (2015): November 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Immunization is recognized as one of the strategies to reduce vaccine preventable diseases. Competency related to immunization are consequently important for medical students and the medical school needs to assure the competence acquisition. Objective To assess competence related to immunization and its retention following lectures with simulations compared to lectures only. Methods A quasi-experimental study was conducted to the 5th year students of University of Indonesia Medical School during the Child Adolescent Health Module in 2012-2013. The intervention group had lectures with simulations and the control group had lectures only. Immunization knowledge was assessed with a 30 multiple choice question (MCA) items performed before and after the module. Competence retention was assessed by MCQ (knowledge) and OSCE (skills) 2-6 months afterwards. Results Sixty eight subjects for each group with similar characteristics were analyzed. There was significant difference after module MCQ score between two groups. Competence retention in 2-6 months after module completion was better in intervention group, both for the knowledge (median MCQ score of 70.00 (range 37-93) vs. mean score of 58.01 (SD 12.22), respectively; P<0.001) and skill (OSCE mean scores of 75.21 (SD 10.74) vs. 62.62 (SD 11.89), respectively; P < 0.001). Proportion of subjects in the intervention group who passed both the MCQ and OSCE were also significantly greater. Conclusion Lectures with simulations are proved to be more effective in improving medical studentsâ€™ immunization competence as well as its retention compared to lectures only approach.

Utility of hemoglobin A1c to screen for impaired glucose tolerance Edy K. Ginting; Aditiawati Aditiawati; Irfanuddin Irfanuddin
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 4 (2014): July 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Childhood obesity is associated with an increasedlikelihood for having impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia,and diabetes. Hemoglobin Ale (HbAl c) h as emerged as arecommended diagnostic tool for identifying diabetes and personsat risk for the disease. This recommendation was based on datain adults, showing the relationship between HbAl C and thefuture development of diabetes . However, studies in the pediatricpopulation have been limited and no stan dard values of HbAlclevels in children have been established.Objective To evaluate HbAlc as a test for impaired glucosetolerance in obese children and adolescents and to identify theoptimal HbAlc thresh old level (cut off poin t).Methods We studied 65 obese and 4 overweight children (BMI 2::+ 2 SD for age and gender) aged 10-15 years in Palembang. Allsubjects underwent HbAlc and oral glucose tolerance tests.Results Nineteen out of 69 subjects (28%) had impaired glucosetolerance. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve,the optimal cut off point of HbAlc related to impaired glucosetolerance as diagnosed by oral glucose tolerance test was found tobe 5.25%, with 63% sensitivity and 64% specificity, 40% positivepredictive value, and 82% negative predictive value. The areaunder the receiver operating ch aracteristic curve was O .68 7(95%CI 0.541-0.833; P < 0.00 1).Conclusion A HbAlc cut off value of 5.25% may be used as ascreening tool to identify children and adolescents with impairedglucose tolerance.

Retinopathy of prematurity: Prevalence and risk factors Rinawati Rohsiswatmo
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 45 No 6 (2005): November 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi45.6.2005.270-4

Background Retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) is one of the ma-jor causes of infant blindness. There are several factors known asrisk factors for ROP. Recent studies show ROP as a disease ofmultifactorial origin.Objective To report the prevalence of ROP in Cipto MangunkusumoHospital, Jakarta and its relation to several risk factors.Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted fromDecember 2003-May 2005. All infants with birth weight 2500 gramsor less, or gestational age 37 weeks or less, were enrolled con-secutively and underwent the screening of ROP at 4 to 6 weeks ofchronological age or 31 to 33 weeks of postconceptional age.Result Of 73 infant who met the inclusion criteria, 26% (19 out of73 infant) had ROP in various degrees. About 36.8% (7 out of 19infants) were in stage III or more/threshold ROP. No ROP wasnoted in infants born >35 weeks of gestational age, and birth weight>2100 grams. No severe ROP was found in gestational age >34weeks and birth weight >1600 grams. None of full-term, small forgestational age infants experienced ROP. Birth weight, sepsis,apneu, asphyxia, multiple blood transfusions, and oxygen therapyfor more than 7 days were statistically significant with the develop-ment of ROP. However, using multivariate analysis, only asphyxia,multiple blood transfusions, and oxygen therapy for more than 7days were statistically significant with the development of ROP.Conclusion Screening of ROP should be performed in infantsborn 34 weeks of gestational age and/or birth weight <1600 grams.Infants with birth weight from 1600-<2100 grams need to bescreened only if supplemental oxygen is necessary or with clini-cally severe illness

Using family atopy scores to identify the risk of atopic dermatitis in infants Melisa Anggraeni; Ketut Dewi Kumara Wati; Ketut Tangking
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 54 No 6 (2014): November 2014
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi54.6.2014.330-7

Background Atopic dermatitis is the first manifestation ofallergic disease in early life. Early interventions may prevent thedevelopment of allergy disease. Allergy trace cards have beenused to identify the level of allergic risk, based on family atopyscores. Because environmental factors may also influence thedevelopment of atopic dermatitis, the usefulness of the allergytrace card needs to be reevaluated.Objective To compare the incidence of atopic dermatitis ininfants aged 0-4 months with total family atopy scores of > 0 tothose with scores of 0.Methods We conducted this cohort study from June 1, 2012 toDecember 31, 2012 at Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Family atopyscore was tabulated from all pregnant woman in the ObstetricOutpatient Clinic and the Maternity Room. Subjects were dividedinto two groups based on their total family atopy score: those withscores > 0 and those with scores of 0. The appearance of atopicdermatitis symptoms in the infants were evaluated until theyreached 4 months of age. The incidence of atopic dermatitis intwo groups was compared using Chi-square test.Results The incidence of atopic dermatitis in this study was 10.9%.The group with total family atopy scores of 0 had a significantlyhigher incidence of atopic dermatitis than the group with scores> 0 (adjusted RR 22.5; 95%CI 8.8 to 57.0; P = 0.001).Conclusion The incidence of atopic dermatitis is higher ininfants with total family atopy score > 0 and this group has a 22.5times higher risk of atopic dermatitis compared to infants withtotal family atopy score of 0. Allergy trace cards are relevant indifferentiating the risk of atopy with regards to development ofatopic dermatitis. We suggest that family atopy scores be evaluatedduring antenatal care in order to limit the development of atopicdermatitis in infants.

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis S. Zulkifli; Maimunah Affandi; Bambang Madiono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 14 No 11-12 (1974): November - December 1974
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA) or usually also called Still's disease, is a chronic disease occurring in children with the clinical signs and symptoms of joint involvement and systemic manifestation. It has many similarities with adult rheumatoid type, but also distinct differences.

Effect of probiotics supplementation on acute diarrhea in infants: a randomized double blind clinical trial I Gusti Ngurah Sanjaya Putra; Sudaryat Suraatmaja; I Ketut Nomor Aryasa
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 4 (2007): July 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Probiotics has advantages as a supplement formanagement of infants with acute diarrhea. It influences theduration of diarrhea by enhancing immune responses, elaboratesantimicrobial substances and occupies intestinal mucosal sites,inhibits the attachment and the growth of pathogenic organismsby achieving competitive exclusion and microbial balance.Objective To assess the clinical effects of probiotics supplementationon acute diarrhea in infants.Methods This was a double blind, randomized clinical controlledtrial performed on infants aged 1-12 months old with acutediarrhea, hospitalized in Sanglah Hospital, Denpasar. Subjectswere divided into two groups; the treatment group had standardmanagement with adjuvant probiotics, while the control groupreceived standard management with placebo.Results From 70 infants enrolled in this study, the mean durationof diarrhea in treatment group was significantly shorter than thatin the placebo group, 49.03 hours (SE 3.09) (95%CI 42.98;55.08)vs 73.03 hours (SE 3.28) (95%CI 66.61;79.45); P=0.001.Regarding failure of the treatment, probiotics supplementationhad relative risk reduction (RRR) of 67% and absolute riskreduction (ARR) of 57%. In multivariate cox regression analysisit was found that only probiotics supplementation influenced theduration of acute diarrhea in infants.Conclusion Probiotics can shorten the duration of acute diarrhea,and is safe as an adjuvant to standard management for infantswith acute diarrhea.

Relationship between childhood blood pressure and birth weight Sri Rahayu; Rusdidjas Rusdidjas; Rafita Ramayati; Oke Rina Ramayani; Rosmayanti Siregar
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Some studies havereported a significant relationship between elevated blood pressurein children with low birth weight.Objective To assess blood pressure differences in primary schoolstudents who had low and normal birth weights.Methods This cross-sectional study was conducted in 170children aged 6 to 12 years in March 2011 at a Medan primaryschool, North Sumatera. Blood pressure was measured with astandard mercury sphygmomanometer. A parental questionnairewas used to collect information on birth weight. Data wereanalyzed by studentâ€™s T-test for numerical data and Spearmanâ€™scorrelation test for a relationship between blood pressure andbirth weight.Results The subjects consisted of 85 children with low birth weightand 85 children with normal birth weight. The mean systolic (SBP)and diastolic blood pressures (DBP) were significantly higherin children with low birth weight than those with normal birthweight [SBP: 106.7 vs. 99.8 mmHg, respectively, (P=0.0001); andDBP: 69.2 vs. 63.5 mmHg, respectively, (P=0.0001)]. There wererelationships between elevated SBP and DBP and low birth weight,as indicated by correlation coefficient [r=-0.365 and r=-0.425,respectively, (P=0.0001)].Conclusion Blood pressure is significantly higher in children withlow birth weight than in those with normal birth weight. Birthweight was inversely related both to systolic and diastolic bloodpressure.

Association between Plasmodium falciparum parasite index and renal function in children A Umboh; S Muljanto; J S Wibisono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 43 No 3 (2003): May 2003
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Falciparum malaria is an acute systemic diseasethat can cause multi organ disorders including in kidney. The aimof this study was to figure out the association between P.falciparumparasite index and renal function in children by measuring ureum,creatinine, and glomerular filtration rate (GFR).Methods An analytic prospective study was conducted on all hos-pitalized falciparum malaria patients in the Department of ChildHealth, Manado Central General Hospital from November 2001-February 2002. Low parasitemia was defined if P.falciparum foundwas â‰¤100/100 fields and high parasitemia if >1/1 field. Data wereanalyzed by chi-square and student tâ€“test.Results Among 34 patients, there were 11 with high parasitemiaand 23 with low parasitemia. There were 19 with increased ureumand 8 with increased creatinine. There was significant elevation ofureum in high parasitemia (n=10) compared to that in low para-sitemia patients (n=9) with p=0.004. The increase of serum creati-nine was found in 2 high parasitemia and in 6 low parasitemiapatients (p=0.611). Mean GFR was 107.63Â±30.62 in high and121.94Â±44.06 in low parasitemia patients (p=0.341).Conclusion There was a significant association betweenP.falciparum parasite index and serum ureum. But there was nosignificant association between parasite index and creatinine orGFR

High frequency of the 3R/3R polymorphism in the thymidylate synthase enhancer region in Indonesian childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia IDG Ugrasena; Sutaryo Sutaryo; Edy Supriadi; Laura Vroling; Jacqueline Cloos; Jan Hendrik Hooijberg; AJP Veerman
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 46 No 3 (2006): May 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi46.3.2006.103-12

Background Deoxyuridylate monophosphate (dTMP) is neces-sary for DNA synthesis and thymidylate synthase (TS) is an im-portant target of cancer chemotherapy. Ethnic variations of thepolymorphic tandem repeat sequence in the enhancer region ofthe TS promoter has previously been described to influence theoutcome of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). A triple repeat isassociated with a higher TS gene expression than a double re-peat, resulting in poorer outcome of ALL patients treated with anti-folate methotrexate (MTX).Objective In this study, we determined the incidences of TS andmethylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) polymorphism andethnic variations between Indonesian and Caucasian ALL cellsamples obtained at diagnosis. Furthermore, we determined theinvolvement of TS polymorphisms in MTX sensitivity using athymidilate synthase inhibition assay (TSIA).Methods ALL cell samples were obtained at diagnosis from 101Indonesian and 157 Caucasian children treated with MTX prospec-tively. Genotyping for TS and MTHFR was analyzed by Genescanand Lightcycler. TS polymorphism was determined by PCR assayand MTHFR polymorphism and was analyzed by melting curveanalyses on lightcycler.Results Homozygous TS triple repeats were more than twice ascommon in Indonesian samples (76.3%) than in Caucasian samples(33.1%). Heterozygotes of the MTHFR mutations were seen in 15%of the screened Indonesian samples.Conclusion There are significant ethnic variations in TS generegulatory elements of leukemic cells. A difference was found be-tween the MTX sensitivity and a double or triple repeat in the Cau-casian ALL group. The samples with a triple repeat show a shift intheir distribution towards hypersensitivity to MTX. Further investi-gation on Indonesian samples may give insight in the role of poly-morphisms in MTX sensitivity

Relationship between the general condition of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with remission rate and convulsion as an adverse effect chemotherapy Rusdi Andid; Nurdiani Nurdiani; Bidasari Lubis; Adi Sutjipto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 1-2 (2001): January 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

A retrospective study on the relationship between the general condition of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients with remission rale and convulsion as an adverse effect of chemotherapy was conducted in leukemia patients of the hematology-oncology subdivision, Departmenl of Child Health, Medical School, University of North Sumatra, Medan. Of 114 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, 81 (71.05%) received chemotherapy, 31 patients among them was in good general condition. Remission rate of the 31 patients was 80.6% (25 children). Whereas in the remaining 50 patients, the remission rate among them was 84% (42 patients). There was no significant relationship between their general condition to the recurrence rate of acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients who had been administered chemotherapy during induction phase. Convulsion was found In 2 cases, due to CNS leukemia.

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