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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,114 Documents

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Association between immunization coverage and atopy in children with or without family history of atopic disease Isabella Riandani; Budi Setiabudiawan; Cissy B. Kartasasmita
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 6 (2008): November 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Atopic diseases are determined by the interactionbetween genetic and environmental factors. The possible effectsof immunization, as one of environmental factors, on atopy remaina matter of controversy.Objective We conducted an observational clinical epidemiologyto find out the protective effect of high vaccination coverage toatopy in children.Methods During January through March 2006, 150 of749 childrenat Garuda, Padasuka, and Babakan Sari Primary Health Care inBandung were randomized from group with and without familyhistory of atopic disease. Atopy derived from skin prick test andtotal serum lgE was evaluated. Atopy was defined as a positiveskin test to any of the eight allergens tested. The immunizationswere recorded from Kartu Menuju Sehat (KMS). Statistical analysesincluded Chi square to compare prevalence, independent T-testand Mann-Whitney to compare mean.Results Atopy was found in 28.2% of284 subjects, of which 32.4%with and 23.9% without a family history of atopic disease. Themedian of total serum lgE level was higher in children with familyhistory of atopic disease and in atopy children. Children weregrouped according to total dose of basic immunizations (0-17 and2: 18) based on Program Pengembangan Imunisasi (PPI). There wasnonsignificant association between total doses of immunizationand atopy. Even though no statistically significant, the cumulativeimmunization doses were inversely related to the median of totalserum IgE level.Conclusions The immunization coverage has not decreased atopyrisk.

Cognitive outcome in late preterm babies Ayu Setyorini; Soetjiningsih Soetjiningsih; Ekawaty L. Haksari
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 4 (2010): July 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi50.4.2010.239-244

Background Late preterm babies are at risk for delayed cognitive outcome, but little attention has been paid on this issue. There has been a general assumption that this group of babies will have the same development as full-term babies.Objective To compare the cognitive development between late preterm babies and full-term babies.Methods A prospective cohort study was conducted at the Department of Child Health Medical School of Udayana University/Sanglah Hospital. Babies with 34 to 42 weeks of gestational age who were born in Sanglah Hospital between November 1st 2007 and December 31st 2008, were recruited to the study. Cognitive development of each baby was measured by Mullen Scaleâ€™s of Early Learning twice, at 7 days and 3 months of age. We used corrected age for late preterm babies and chronological age for fullterm babies.Results The incidence of under-average development for late preterm babies at three months corrected age was 47.8% compared to 4.1% among fullterm babies (P < 0.0001). The relative risk for under-average development among late preterm babies was 11.8 (95%CI 9.95 to 13.75). Multivariate analysis revealed late preterm influenced cognitive significantly with OR 17.01 (95%CI 1.15 to 32.87).Conclusions Cognitive outcome of late preterm babies was delayed compared to full-term babies.

The Importance of Breastmilk in Acute Neonatal Enterocolitis and Other Enteric Disease Tri Ruspandji; Suharyono Suharyono; Aswitha Budiarso; W.A.F.J. Tumbelaka; E.M. Halimun
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 19 No 9-10 (1979): September - October 1979
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

In the Department of Child Health, Dr. Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, a case of necrotizing enterocolitis with resection about 50 cm of the ileum was reported.

Serum C-reactive protein levels in severe and very severe pneumonia in children Ni Putu Sucita Wahyu Dewi; Putu Siadi Purniti; Roni Naning
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 52 No 3 (2012): May 2012
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Pneumonia is a major cause of death in children fromdeveloping countries. It is difficult to assess pneumonia severity ifclinical symptoms of pneumonia are unclear, co-morbidities occursimultaneously, or there is an absence of consolidation or infiltrateson chest radiograph. Examination of C-reactive protein (CRP)levels can help to determine the severity of pneumonia.Objective To compare serum CRP levels in severe and very severepneumonia cases.Methods This was a cross-sectional study on pediatric patientsaged> 28 days up to 60 months v.ith a diagnosis of severe or verysevere pneumonia. Subjects were hospitalized at the Departmentof Child Health, Udayana University Medical SchooliSanglahHospital, Denpasar from May 2010 to January 2011. There were30 subjects in each group, severe or very severe pneumonia. Datawere analyzed using Mann-Whitney and ANCOVA tests withstatistical significance set at P < 0.05.Results There were significant differences in median serum CRPlevels in the severe and very severe pneumonia groups. The verysevere pneumonia group had a median CRP level of 54.75 mgiL(lQrange 0.22 to 216.00) and the severe pneumonia group had amedian CRP level ofl6.06 mgiL (IQ range 0.97 to 89.35). SerumCRP levels were influenced by the severity of pneumonia (P =0.002) and the timing of the CRP examination (P = 0.001).Conclusion Subjects with very severe pneumonia hadsignificantly higher median CRP level compared to that of subjectswith severe pneumonia. [Paediatr Indones. 2012;52:161A].

Motherâ€™s health care-seeking behavior for children with acute respiratory infections in a post-earthquake setting Yulinar Wusanani; Djauhar Ismail; Rina Triasih
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 53 No 3 (2013): May 2013
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Delayed health care-seeking behavior is a causeof high mortality in children due to acute respiratory infections(ARis). Factors that may affect health care-seeking behavior aresocioeconomic status, maternal age, maternal education, parents'perception of illness, child's age, number of children under fiveyears of age in the family, and occurrence of natural disasters. The2006 Central Java earthquake damaged homes and health carefacilities, and led to increased poverty among the residents.Objective To assess the relationship between socioeconomicstatus and mother's health care-seeking behavior for childrenunder five years of age with ARis in a post-earthquake setting.Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data obtainedfrom the Child Health Need Assessment (CHNA) survey. Logisticregression test was used to analyze variables that may affectmother's health care-seeking behavior for children under fiveyears of age with ARis.Results Of the 665 infants surveyed, 442 infants (66.5%)had ARis. Health care-seeking behavior was good (81.7%)in the majority of mothers. We observed that socioeconomicstatus did not affect maternal health care-seeking behavior forchildren under five with ARis (OR 1.33; 95%CI 0.79 to 2.24;P= 0.26). Maternal age, maternal education, child's age andgender, number of children under five in the family, parents'perceptions of illness and severity of house damage caused by theearthquake also had no effect on maternal health care-seekingbehavior for children with ARis.Conclusion After the 2006 earthquake, we find that socioeconomicstatus, maternal age, maternal education, child age, child gender,number of children under five in the family, parents' perceptionsof illness, and severity of house damage have no effect on mother'shealth care-seeking behavior for their children with ARis.

Impact of an antimicrobial resistance control program: pre- and post-training antibiotic use in children with typhoid fever Elfrida A. Rachmah; Maftuchah Rochmanti; Dwiyanti Puspitasari
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 4 (2016): July 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Inappropriate use of antibiotics may lead to antimicrobial resistance. In 2012, Dr. Soetomo Hospital conducted training for pediatric residents on the proper use of antibiotics to limit antimicrobial resistance.Objective To evaluate the impact of a rational, antibiotic-use training program for pediatric residents on their antibiotic prescriptions for patients with typhoid fever.Methods A cross-sectional, analytic study was conducted. We collected data from children with typhoid fever who were hospitalized in Dr. Soetomo Hospital, pre- and post-training on antibiotic prescriptions. Children with other known bacterial infections or who were discharged on request were excluded. Antibiotic prescriptions were evaluated using Gyssens algorithm based on the local protocol. Chi-square test was used to compare the quality of antibiotic prescriptions, before (year 2012) and after (year 2013) the training.Results Forty-nine patients with 67 prescriptions in 2012 and 34 patients with 48 prescriptions in 2013 fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Patientsâ€™ ages ranged from 1-18 years. Diagnoses of uncomplicated and complicated typhoid were found in 74% and 26% of subjects, respectively. First line (chloramphenicol, thiamphenicol, ampicillin, trimetroprim and sulfametoxazol) and second line (ceftriaxone and cefixime) use were 72% and 28%, respectively. All patients were discharged in good condition. Appropriate use of antibiotics was noted in 61% of subjects in 2012 and in 81% of subjects in 2013 (P=0.036). The most common type of error in 2012 and 2013 was dosage imprecision (25% and 17%, respectively).Conclusion Training on appropriate use of antibiotics significantly improved the quality of antibiotics prescribed in children with typhoid fever in Dr. Soetomo Hospital.

Correlation between several anthropometric measurements to birth weight Muhammad Nur; Noval Azis; Guslihan D. Tjipta; Dachrul Aldy
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 41 No 11-12 (2001): November 2001
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi41.6.2001.288-91

Perinatal mortality remains one of the factors leading to child mortality, even for crude death as a whole. Therefore, good perinatal care is considered to be useful for reducing this mortality. Low birth weight is one of neonatal morbidity cause; previous studies reported correlation between birth weight to several anthropometric measurements andtheir predictive value. We aimed to evaluate the correlation between birth length, head, chest, abdominal, calf and mid arm circumferences as well as to foot length to birth weight. A cross sectional study was conducted in Adam Malik Hospital Medan between November 1st 1998 to January 31st 1999. All babies without clear moulage, caput succedaneum or cephal hematoma were studied. Birth weight was measured by TANITA weighing scale within the first 24 hours after delivery. Birth length by somatometer and head, chest, abdominal, calf and mid arm circumferences as well as foot length were measured 3 times by using plastic measuring tape. It was evident a positive correlation of birth weight to all such anthropometric measurements with the highest correlation coefficient for calf circumference (r : 0.92). Calf circumference of 9,8 cm is predictor of low birth weight.

Diagnosis of Pulmonary Tuberculosis in Children Gunadi Santosa
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 15 No 11-12 (1975): November - December 1975
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

1. A definite diagnosis of tuberculosis can only be established on the basis of the finding of the tubercle bacilli.2. The isolation of the mycobacterium tuberculosis from a child is subject to difficulties:a. the necessity of gastric lavage for 3 consecutive days, which is difficult to perform ambulatory.b. the necessity of the proper facilities of a microbiologic laboratory.c. the outcome is often not sufficiently high.3. It is concluded that at the moment making of the bacteriological diagnosis of child tuberculosis is not practical, so that we are forced to depend on the clinical diagnosis.4. The tuberculin test is very important in establishing the diagnosis. It is recommended to perform this test routinely on every child once a year and also that every medical doctor as well as specialist performs this test to detect a case of TBC at the earliest possible moment.

Relationship between lipid profiles with carotid intima--media thickness in children with type I diabetes mellitus Rubiana Sukardi; Bambang Madiyono; Sudigdo Sastroasmoro; Jose RL Batubara
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 3 (2008): May 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background The major cause of morbidity and mortality inpatients with type I diabetes mellitus is premature and extensiveartherosclerosis. Carotid intima-media thickness (IMT) isassociated with cardivascular risk factors and has been used as amarker of early artherosclerosis process.Objective To determine IMT of carotid artery and its relationshipwith duration of diabetes, lipid profiles, and mean HbA 1 level.Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on patientswith type 1 DM at the Department of Child Health CiptoMangunkusumo Hospital. Ultrasound B-mode imaging wasperformed to measure the IMT. Age-matched non-diabteticsubjects served as controls. Statistical significant was assumedat P<O.S.Results The mean IMT values of type I DM patients aged < 12years, 12-18 years, 18+ years were 0.44 (SD 0.03) mm; 0.46(SD 0.01) mm; 0.51 (SD 0.01) mm, respectively, which weresignificantly greater than those of age-matched non-diabeticsubjects which were 0.39 (SD 0.01), 0.41 (SD 0.01) mm, 0.46(SD 0.01) mm, respectively. Patients with type I DM had ahigher apolipoprotein-Band HDL cholesterol levels than in non-diabetic subjects. Multiple regression analysis showed that therewas no relationship between total cholesterol, cholesterol LDL,chronic hyperglycemia (HbA 1) and IMT. However, IMT in typeI diabetes was linearly related with duration of diabetes .Conclusion Type I DM patients have greater IMT and highermean apolipoprotein B. There is a strong correlation betweenIMT and duration of diabetes.

Procalcitonin for detecting community-acquired bacterial pneumonia Devi Gusmaiyanto; Finny Fitry Yani; Efrida Efrida; Rizanda Machmud
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 55 No 2 (2015): March 2015
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity andmortality in children under five years of age. Pneumonia can be ofbacterial or viral origin. It is difficult to distinguish between thesetwo agents based on clinical manifestations, as well as radiologicaland laboratory examinations. Furthermore, bacterial cultures taketime to incubate and positive results may only be found in 10-30%of bacterial pneumonia cases. Procalcitonin has been used as amarker to distinguish etiologies, as bacterial infections tend toincrease serum procalcitonin levels.Objective To determine the sensitivity, specificity, positivepredictive value and negative predictive value of procalcitoninin community-acquired bacterial pneumonia.Method This cross-sectional study was conducted in thePediatric Health Department of Dr. M. Djamil Hospital, Padang.Subjects were selected by consecutive sampling. Procalcitoninmeasurements and PCR screening were performed on bloodspecimens from 32 pneumonia patients and compared.Results Of the 32 subjects, most were boys (56.25%), under 5years of age (99%), and had poor nutritional status (68.75%).Using a cut-off point of 0.25 ng/mL, procalcitonin level hada sensitivity of 92%, specificity 50%, positive predictive valueÂ 88%, and negative predictive value 60% for diagnosing bacterialÂ pneumonia. Using a cut-off point of 0.5 ng/mL, procalcitonin levelÂ had a specificity of 46%, specificity 83%, positive predictive valueÂ 91%, and negative predictive value 25%.Conclusion A cut-off point of 0.25 ng/mL of procalcitonin levelÂ may be more useful to screen for bacterial pneumonia than a cutoffÂ point of 0.5 ng / mL. However, if the 0.25 ng/mL cut-off pointÂ is used, careful monitoring will be required for negative results,Â as up to 40% may actually have bacterial pneumonia. [PaediatrIndones. 2015;55:65-9.].

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