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Paediatrica Indonesiana

paediatrica-indonesiana
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Published by Ikatan Dokter Anak Indonesia

ISSN : 00309311 EISSN : 2338476X DOI : -

Core Subject : Health,

Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology

Paediatrica Indonesiana is a medical journal devoted to the health, in a broad sense, affecting fetuses, infants, children, and adolescents, belonged to the Indonesian Pediatric Society. Its publications are directed to pediatricians and other medical practitioners or researchers at all levels of health practice throughout the world.

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Articles 2,112 Documents

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Oral rehydration salts: a simple and appropriate tool against dehydration due to diarrhoea Sunoto Sunoto
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 21 No 3-4 (1981): March - April 1981
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi21.3-4.1981.90-100

In spite of the many advances made in diagnosis, pathogenesis and pathophysiology of diarrhoeal diseases, however it is still one of the major public health problems with high morbidity and mortality particularly in children below 5 years of age.Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) had been known since the 1950's but the extensive use of ORT in hospitals and treatment centres was just in the 1960's and so it had become a world-wide program since the 1970's.Nowadays more than 70 countries have used ORT as main treatment of dehydration due to diarrhoea. One of the problems of ORT being still in dispute is the Na concentration in ORS. The other extended usee of ORT is the use of sucrose electrolyte solution and sugar-salt solution by using pinch or scoops.It has been proven that ORT has a beneficial impact on improving nutrition state, saving money (economy), and dramatically decreasing mortality due to diarrhoea.National efforts to implement ORT must be part of the general program for delivery of all basic health services. It should be integrated through primary health care such as family planning, nutritional program, MCH, immunization, environmental sanitation, health education, etc.Public campaign using mass media and advertisements plays a great role too in making success of ORT.

Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis H. Tjandra
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 18 No 9-10 (1978): September - October 1978
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis (NEC) is a highly lethal disease of the newborn infant, which has aroused great interest in the past decades. It is characterized by ischemic necrosis of the intestinal wall, frequently leading to perforation and death. Unlike most neonatal emergencies, it is acquired and can be successfully treated without operation in most cases.The etiology is still obscure and is considered to be multifactorial. Intesti11al ischemia, infections, cow's milk, and hyperosmolar feeding are among the important factors associated with the pathogenesis of NEC in the newborn Many other factors are also related to the occurrence of this disease but some of them are still controversial.The general opinion is that requiring a background of mucosal ischemia and damage; the presence of both intestinal bacteria and enteric feedings appear to be of significant etiologic factors. The important pathologic lesion is the mucosal damage and necrosis involving mostly the ileum and colon exdept the duodenum. Perforations usually occur in the ileocecal region where the intestinal wall is extremely thin.

The association between fever in the first year of life and atopy in children with or without family history of atopic disease Susy P. Wihadi; Budi Setiabudiawan; Cissy B. Kartasasmita
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 47 No 2 (2007): March 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background The role of repeated infection in early life in thedevelopment of childhood atopy is still controversy. Fever in thefirst year of life which is frequently associated with infections mightdecrease atopy.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the associationbetween fever in the first year of life and atopy in children.Methods This was an observational clinical epidemiology studyperformed at Puskesmas Garuda, Padasuka, and Babakan Sari,Bandung, from January to March 2006. From 749 children, werandomly chose 150 subjects each from group with and withoutfamily history of atopic disease. Skin prick test and measurementof total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E were performed on eachchildren. Atopy was defined as the skin prick test result waspositive to >1 allergen. The number of fever episodes in the firstyear of life was based on parents report. The relationship betweenfever and atopy was analyzed using Mantel Haenszel.Results From 284 subjects, atopy was found in 28.2% of children,of which 32.4% with and 23.9% without a family history of atopicdisease. Generally there was no significant association betweenfever and atopy. There was only decreased odds ratio withincreased fever episodes and trend analysis showed this decreasewas significant (P=0.01). The significant association betweenfever and atopy were found only in group without family historyof atopic disease (P=0.03, OR=0.43, CI 95% 0.18;1.01).Conclusion There is a relationship between fever and atopy inchildren without family history of atopic disease.

Prognostic factors for mortality in pediatric acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis Syamsul Nur; Husein Albar; Dasril Daud
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 3 (2016): May 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis (APSGN) is one of the most common causes of glomerular disease in developing countries, including Indonesia. It can lead to end stage renal failure and higher mortality rates. To decrease morbidity and mortality, it is important to understand the prognostic factors affecting the disease.Objective To identify prognostic factors affecting outcomes in pediatric APSGN patients.Methods Study data were collected from medical records of patients with APSGN hospitalized in Wahidin Sudirohusodo Hospital, Makassar in 2009-2013. Possible prognotic factors analyzed were gender, age, nutritional status, level of consciousness, as well as proteinuria, hemoglobin, serum albumin, urea, and creatinine levels.Results Of 86 subjects, 82 (95.3%) survived and 4 (4.7%) died. Fifty-three (61.6%) patients were male and 33 (38.4%) were female. Subjectsâ€™ ages ranged from 3.42 to 14.67 years, with a mean age of 9.36 years. Multivariate analysis revealed serum creatinine level >1.5 mg/dL to be an independent prognostic factor for mortality in children with APSGN (AOR 15.43; 95%CI 1.31 to 181.7; P=0.03).Conclusion High serum creatinine level is an independent prognostic factor for poor outcomes in children with APSGN. [Paediatr Indones. 2016;56:166-70.].

Antibiotic profile in pediatric wards, Department of Child Health, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Amin Husni; Hardjono Abdoerrachman; Arwin Akib
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 44 No 2 (2004): March 2004
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Introduction The medical profession has currently come to a con-clusion that the major problem in the future is failure of treatmentdue to antibiotic-resistant microorganisms.Objective The aim of this study was to determine the profile ofantibiotics used in the Pediatric Wards of Department of Child Health,Medical School, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hos-pital, Jakarta.Methods A descriptive retrospective study was conducted on all pa-tients hospitalized in the Pediatric Wards of Department of Child Health,Medical School, University of Indonesia, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hos-pital during Juneâ€“July 2001. Data were obtained from the medicalrecords of the patients.Results Three hundreds and fifty-six hospitalized patients fulfilledthe inclusion criteria. The antibiotics were given to 48.7% of thepatients. The greatest user of antibiotics was the age group of 1-5year-old, 50% of patients had been given single antibiotic and therest given combined antibiotics. The ICU used antibiotics most fre-quently in contrast to the one-day care unit which used least. Thegreatest use of single antibiotic was in the class 1-2 wards whilecombined antibiotics were mostly used in the third class wards.Single antibiotics used were cefotaxime (49.4%), amoxicillin(20.7%), and ampicillin (11.55%). Combined antibiotics used wereampicillin + chloramphenicol (34.5%), cotrimoxazole (21.8%),cefotaxime + amikacin (5.7%), cefotaxime + cotrimoxazole (5.7%),and cefotaxime + isoniazid + rifampicin + pyrazinamide (5.7%).Conclusions The antibiotics most commonly used singly wascefotaxime. The combination of antibiotic mostly used was ampi-cillin + chloramphenicol

Lipid profiles of vegetarian and non-vegetarian children at risk of overweight or obesity Arie Purwana; IKG Suandi; Endy Paryanto Prawirohartono
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 50 No 5 (2010): September 2010
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi50.5.2010.291-4

Background The type, amount, and composition of a diet may affect the levels of cholesterol in blood. Itis believed that children adhering to a vegetarian diet have lower total cholesterol levels and lower body mass indexes compared to children with non-vegetarian (omnivorous) diets. We wish to compare cholesterol levels of vegetarian and non-vegetarian Indonesian children who are at risk of overweight or obesity.Objective To compare lipid profiles of vegetarian and no-vegetarian children who are at risk for overweight or obesity.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study in January and February 2010. Subjects for this study came from Denpasar, Bali. Subjects filled questionnaires as well as underwent history-taking, anthropometric measurements, and blood testing. We performed lipid profile analyses on their blood samples. We used the independent t test and Mann-Whitney test for statistical analysis of the data. The level of significance was set at P <0.05.Results Our study included forty-four children at risk for overweight or obesity with a vegetarian or non-vegetarian diet. We found that vegetarian children had lower mean total cholesterol (144 mg/dL) than that of non-vegetarian children (171 mg/dL), a statistically significant difference of P=0.014. In addition, vegetarian children had lower mean triglyceride levels (150 mg/dL) than those of nonô€€¶vegetarian children (264 mg/dL), a statistically significant difference of P =0 .025.Conclusion Among Balinese children at risk of overweight or obesity, vegetarians have significantly lower mean total cholesterol and triglyceride levels than non-vegetarians.

Teaching of National Programme of Health Development to Undergraduates S. Zuraida Zulkarnain
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 14 No 1-2 (1974): January - February 1974
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

The practice of community medicine is the delivery of comprehensive health care by a health team trained in curative and preventive medicine to a defined population based on their needs and economy. For some time it has been realized that the integration of curative and preventive services is a well recognized national need. Only such a unification could effectively deliver comprehensive health care to the family which is the ultimate recipient of community care. The success in the application of the health care depends mainly on the training and attitude of the future doctors who are willing to work in the rural areas. It is therefore the responsibility of the medical school to train community oriented doctors, and such a training requires the provision of community projects in which students of the Medical School can participate.

Total Parenteral Nutrition: The Long and The Short of It Duna Penn
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 36 No 11-12 (1996): November - December 1996
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.14238/pi36.11-12.1996.221-7

Within 30 years of Harvey's discovery of the circulatory system, attempts were made to utilize intravenous routes for nutrient administration.1 In 1656, Sir Christopher Wren infused wine into the veins of dogs via goose quills attached to a pig's bladder. Over the ensuing years, salt and sugar solutions, milk, olive oil, egg whites, and in later times, protein hydrolysates were tried with varying degrees of success. However, it was not until the 20th century that total parenteral nutrition (TPN) began to be viewed as a realistic therapeutic modality, stimulated by Wilmore and Dudrick's report of normal growth in a young infant with extensive intestinal atresia who was successfully mainÂtained on intravenous nutrition for over 6 weeks.2 Since then, there have been many advances and refinements, including the development of specialized crystalline amino acid solutions and lipid emulsions. Further investigation is currently underway to determine the effect of "medical foods", i.e., specialized nutrients targeted for specific purposes, e.g., glutamine for immunomodulation and intestinal mucosal preservaÂtion.3,4

Lateral-flow immunoassay as a diagnostic test for influenza type A and B in children Ity Sulawati; Amalia Setyati; A. Samik Wahab; M. Juffrie
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 48 No 2 (2008): March 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background The diagnosis of influenza remains difficult toestablish because of its similar symptoms to those of respiratoryinfection caused by other viruses. The â€œgold standardâ€ for thediagnosis of influenza is viral culture, which takes time to gainthe result and is expensive as well. A simple, rapid, and easilyused tool for detection of influenza virus type A and B is needed.Objective To assess the accuracy of lateral-flow immunoassay withQuick Vue Influenza A+B Â® in detecting influenza virus of typeA and B.Methods This was an observational study designed for diagnostictest. The subjects were children aged 0-14 years old presentingwith acute respiratory infection in primary Health Care Jetis ,Godean I, Godean II and Prof. Dr. Sardjito Hospital Yogyakarta,from October 2005 to May 2007. Specimens were collected fromboth the anterior nares and the throat by physicians for lateral-flow immunoassay with Quick Vue Influenza A+B Â® and viralculture as gold standard. Lateral-flow immunoassay was done ineach study centre, nasal specimen was placed in an extractionreagent tube and sent to NAMRU II laboratory.Results There were 255 children enrolled in this study. Lateral-flow immunoassay by Quick Vue Influenza A+B Â® has sensitivity70% (CI95% 6;83%), specificity 93% (CI95% 90;97%), positivepredictive value 68% (CI95% 54;82%), negative predictive value94% (CI95% 91;97%), positive likelihood ratio 10,56 (CI95%6,14;18,19) and negative likelihood ratio 0,32 (CI95% 0,21; 0,51).Conclusion Lateral-flow immunoassay (Quick Vue InfluenzaA+B Â® ), nasal swab specimen is not accurate to detect influenzavirus A and B in children.

Number of siblings and allergic rhinitis in children Soewira Sastra; Lily Irsa; Muhammad Sjabaroeddin Loebis; Rita Evalina
Paediatrica Indonesiana Vol 56 No 1 (2016): January 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Pediatric Society

Background Allergic rhinitis is one of the most common chronic diseases of childhood. Recent studies have suggested that having fewer siblings was associated with allergic rhinitis and atopic diseases in children. Previous studies also indicated that older siblings was associated with higher incidence of allergic rhinitis.Objectives To assess for a possible association between number of siblings and allergic rhinitis and to assess for an effect of birth order on allergic rhinitis in children.Methods We performed a cross-sectional study among school children aged 7 to 15 years, in the West Medan District from July to August 2011. Children with moderate or high risk of allergy were included. Subjects were divided into two groups, those with <3 siblings or â‰¥3 siblings. Children with acute respiratory tract infections, septal deviation, choanal atresia, nasal polyps, nasal tumors, or nasal foreign body were excluded. Risk of allergy was determined using the Indonesian Pediatrics Allergy Immunology Working Group trace card scoring system. Identification of allergic rhinitis and evaluation of its severity were done by use of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) core questionnaire. Allergic rhinitis was diagnosed based on history, physical examination, and anterior rhinoscopy.Results A total of 78 subjects were enrolled. Allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in children with <3 siblings than those with â‰¥3 siblings (OR 10.33; 95%CI 3.569 to 29.916). Furthermore, allergic rhinitis was significantly higher in first-born children than in their younger siblings (P=0.0001).Conclusion Larger number of siblings and non-first-born children are associated with lower incidence of allergic rhinitis in children.

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