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SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14123606     EISSN : 23561424     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 140 Documents
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Effects of different application ratios of biochar-organic compound fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on soil nutrition content and yield of maize Zheng Zhang; Xiangzhe Huang; Shuwen Qin; Muhammad Azeem; Hongqin Wang; Shoujun Yang
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.102140

Abstract

Overuse of traditional chemical fertilizers may result in environmental pollution and a decrease in the quality of farm produce. By contrast, applying biochar-organic compound fertilizers can enhance soil structure, increase soil fertility, and mitigate pollution levels. This study explores the intricate mechanisms of the combined application of biochar-organic compound fertilizers and chemical fertilizers on soil chemical properties and corn growth. The aim is to elucidate the theoretical foundations supporting the widespread adoption of biochar-organic compound fertilizers. A total of 6 treatments were set up, among which the CK treatment did not apply fertilizer, the CF treatment used bovine excrement organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer, the T1 to T4 treatments used biochar-organic compound fertilizers and replaced 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% bovine excrement organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer. The results showed that applying biochar-organic compound fertilizers enhanced the slow-release properties of soil available nutrients, increased corn yield, and improved grain quality. Notably, when biochar-organic compound fertilizers were employed instead of 100% bovine excrement organic fertilizer, the yield surpassed that of other treatments, exhibiting a remarkable 9.30% increase compared to the CF treatment. Through comprehensive analysis, it was determined that using biochar-organic compound fertilizer to replace 60% of bovine excrement organic fertilizer is a scheme that can balance both fertilizer efficacy and cost and is recommended to farmers. This research can contribute to promoting the green transformation of agriculture and help achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality".
Re-evaluating the evidence of aflatoxin B1 intercalation into smectite interlayer: a review based on basal spacing data Widyawanto Prastistho; Cintya Nurul Apsari; Niar Gusnaniar; Wawan Budianta; Michael Angelo B. Promentilla; Setyowati Triastuti Utami
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i1.92453

Abstract

The bonding mechanism of aflatoxin B1 (AfB1) onto smectite in the batch adsorption test remains a subject of ongoing debate. One key aspect under contention is whether the interlayer of smectite is accessible to the AfB1 molecule. Some researchers contested the possibility of AfB1 intercalation into the smectite interlayer by highlighting the lack of discernible differences in basal spacing value before and after the adsorption experiment. Conversely, others have advanced the opposite argument based on observations indicating an increase in basal spacing value after adsorption. This study aims to resolve the discrepancy through a comparative examination of data from several previous studies that reported basal spacing values derived from X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, both before and after adsorption tests. By also considering the characteristic swelling behavior of smectite, this comparative examination explains the differing perspectives. The lack of discernible differences in basal spacing value pre- and post-adsorption tests, which was interpreted as the absence of AfB1 intercalation, was attributed to the fact that the initial samples were inherently in hydrated condition, as indicated by basal spacing values of 1.41 to 1.59 nm, whereas in the dry state, these values would typically be ~0.98 to ~1.0 nm, thereby precluding further expansion. Consistent with a previous study that suggested AfB1 bonding to smectite in hydrated conditions occurred through hydrogen bonding within the interlayer, we propose that the hydration state of smectite will significantly influence AfB1 uptake. Thus, further research of adsorption test to investigate the relationship between AfB1 uptake as a function of the hydration state on smectite minerals is strongly suggested.
Assessing irrigation water demand and pumping operations for rice farming in the Bengawan Solo River, Indonesia Trinugroho, Muchamad Wahyu; Arif, Sigit Supadmo; Susanto, Sahid; Nugroho, Bayu Dwi Apri
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.79343

Abstract

Owing to population growth, the rice demand in Indonesia has been increasing, which has led to an increase in rice consumption. One way to boost rice production is to enhance pump irrigation in rainfed fields. The aim of this study is to evaluate irrigation water usage and water pumping practices in the Bengawan Solo River, focusing on enhancing rice production. Data were sourced from governmental entities, which include the Indonesian Bureau of Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics and the Ministry of Public Works and Housing. Water requirement was calculated using the FAO Penman–Monteith equation. The study highlights that throughout the three distinct growing seasons (GS), the water requirements for irrigating rainfed rice fields vary, with the most substantial demand observed during the first growing season (GS I), followed by the third growing season (GS III), and the second growing season (GS II). In dry years, a consistent pattern of low water balances occurs, which persists below 500 mm across all months. Compared with the other two scenarios, the dry year shows higher variability in rainfall, as evidenced by its higher coefficient of variation of 0.620 compared with 0.347 and 0.416 for the wet and normal years, respectively. The electricity cost rate peaks in GS I, trailed by GS II and GS III, with rates of IDR 2,400, 1,180, and 1,028 per kilowatt-hour, respectively. The findings play a pivotal role in shaping regional planning decisions regarding the utilization and necessity of river water resources and the development of cropping calendars.
Enhancing agronomic crop performance: a review of the role of Nano-Diammonium Phosphate (Nano-DAP) in improving soil nutrient status and crop productivity Nitish Karn; Atin Kumar; Mohsin Ikram; Sharad Sachan; Jitendra Singh; Sunil Kumar; Shubham Shubham; Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.103576

Abstract

Nano-diammonium phosphate (Nano-DAP) is a promising source of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P₂O₅) for crops and provides an effective remedy for nutrient deficiencies in standing plants. This review highlights the critical role of phosphorus in plant growth and examines the limitations of conventional fertilizers such as urea, DAP, and compost, which, although essential for crop production, often suffer from low nutrient use efficiency and contribute to environmental pollution. Drawing on a synthesis of published studies, this review demonstrates that Nano-DAP enhances phosphorus solubility and availability in soil–plant systems, thereby improving nutrient absorption, stimulating plant growth, and increasing crop yields compared to conventional fertilizers. The review also evaluates the impact of Nano-DAP on yield performance, nutrient uptake, and its application in major field crops. Furthermore, the advantages and potential limitations of Nano-DAP are discussed in the context of sustainable agriculture. Overall, the use of nano-fertilizers, particularly Nano-DAP, presents a promising strategy to improve agricultural productivity while reducing environmental risks.
Distribution of humic substances in sieved aggregates of soil under contrasting land use Bassey Udom; Achimota Dickson; Gogo Arthur; Miebaka Ikiriko; Babatunde Nuga
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i2.85938

Abstract

Soil quality indicators that control aggregate stability need o be extensively investigated so as to maintain our soils. Humified carbon (HC), humified acid carbon (HAC), and aggregate-associated fulvic acid carbon (FAC) in forest soils, cocoa plantations, five-year fallow, and five-year continuous cultivated soils were studied. Samples of soil were collected at 0-15 cm topsoil in order to measure the amount of humic materials in both the wet sieved and dry sieved aggregates. Findings revealed a significant input of land use on values of HC, HAC, and FAC occluded in sieved soil aggregates. The HC and FAC were preferentially stored in micro aggregate fractions less than 0.25 mm, while the HAC was greater in macro aggregates 2-1 mm and 1-0.5 mm. Concentration of HC was 18.8 g kg-1 in dry sieved and 17.2 g kg-1 in wet sieved micro aggregates less than 0.25 mm. The HC increased significantly (p<0.05) under a 5-year fallow. The HAC was stored in macro aggregates larger than 1 mm, whereas the HC and FAC fractions were occluded in micro aggregates > 1.0 mm. Continuous cropping decreased MWD of water-stable aggregates by 55%, while bulk density increased by 18%. The correlation coefficient between HC and MWD was significant (r = 0.811, p < 0.01), revealing the positive role of HC in aggregate stability. This study will help in understanding soil management strategies that will raise the accumulation of HC and HAC in macro-aggregates, thereby protecting the soil mass from structural degradation.
Chemical modification of biochar’s functional groups enhances phosphate and arsenite adsorption Md Rayhan Ahmed; Shamim Mia; Md. Abdus Sattar; M. M. Masud; S. M. Mahabubul Alam; Sohela Akter; Md. Sharif Mia; Sanjida Aktar
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i1.92550

Abstract

Anionic arsenic (As) species and phosphate often show similar behavior in soils. Bioavailability of these anionic species has a significant implication for crop production and soil health. Biochar (BC) is considered an effective amendment for managing these anionic species. This study aims to evaluate how surface-modified biochars influence phosphate and arsenite adsorption. Biochars with a range of functionalities were produced using mineral doping, and chemical oxidation with hydrogen peroxide. These biochars were then characterized using different chemical techniques, including FTIR. Next, a phosphorus adsorption study was conducted with fresh, mineral-doped and chemically oxidized biochars. A desorption study was also conducted to understand the strength of sorption. Moreover, an adsorption study was carried out using three different biochars fresh, oxidized, and doped in interaction with As. Our results showed that chemical oxidation increased oxygen-containing functional groups while mineral impregnation decreased their presence, resulting in a reduction in cation exchange capacity. As a result, phosphate adsorption was significantly higher with mineral- doped biochar (2.5 mg g-1 biochar) than in fresh biochar (2.2 mg g-1 biochar) treatment. The strength of binding was higher for positively charged biochars. Similar to phosphate, the As adsorption was also higher in the doped biochar (~0.50 mg g-1 biochar) than oxidized biochar (0.20 mg g-1biochar). Surprisingly, the As adsorption was higher in the oxidized BC than fresh BC possibly due to its co-adsorption with cations. Altogether, our results suggest that biochar with positive surfaces could strongly bind negatively charged ions from aqueous solutions and soils.
Mesolandform classification and its relationship with smallholder coffee production in the Malang Regency, Indonesia Dinna Hadi Sholikah; Jamhuri Jamaluddin; Abdul Wahid Hasyim; Mochtar Lutfi Rayes; Haidar Fari Aditya; Soemarno Soemarno
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i1.93461

Abstract

Mesolandform analysis is necessary for smallholder coffee land management because it can clearly distinguish landform boundaries. Automatic mesolandform classification utilizes geographic information system (GIS) and remote sensing technology using the topographic position index (TPI), slope, curvature, lithology, land use, and normalized difference vegetative index (NDVI). This study aims to classify the mesolandform of smallholder coffee plantations and determine its relationship attributes with coffee production. The data included the Digital Elevation Model, lithology map, Sentinel 2 A harmonized image, and actual coffee production. The spatial analysis was performed using ArcGIS 10.8 and QGIS 3.1.6, and the statistical data analysis was performed using RStudio. Mesolandform affects coffee production (p < 0.0001) and was significantly related to it. The highest production was found on the open slope mesolandform, with coffee production ranging from 7.13 to 9.95 tons/ha. Mesolandform attributes have a significant effect on coffee production increase (R2 = 0.69) on land characteristics with high coffee vegetation density (NDVI > 0.6), topographic position in open slope to flat (TPI 0–2), dominant slope is flat to undulating (<8%), and land curvatures are level or convergent foot slope (<2). The research results can support the sustainable management of smallholder coffee plantations based on mesolandform attributes.
The role of red mud and cow manure for sustainable post-gold mining land rehabilitation Suswati, Denah
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 20, No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v20i2.75543

Abstract

The detrimental ecological impact of unauthorized gold mining in Indonesia is significantly profound, notably apparent in the nutrient-deficient, sandy soils with low pH resulting from the process. These conditions contribute to considerable land productivity decline, especially in West Kalimantan. In response to this challenge, the current study proposes an inventive approach for soil reclamation using red mud residue, derived from bauxite ore extraction, and cow manure as restorative elements. This research delves into a novel soil restoration technique that employs red mud waste (a residual from ore refinement) in conjunction with cow manure as ameliorative agents. A distinct amalgamation of 0.2 kg of red mud and 3 kg of cow manure (T2R3) showcased superior results. The incorporation of this blend resulted in a significant increase in soil pH by 0.93 units, an increase in macronutrient content ranging from 82.84%-503.07%, and plant growth (plant height and stem diameter) increased between 32.85%-54.31% in the treatment with 0.2 kg of red mud and 3 kg of cow manure (T2R3) compared to the lower treatment of 0.1 kg of red mud and 1 kg of cow manure (T1R1). These changes were evident, indicating improved soil fertility and the potential for increased crop yield
Nitrogen biotransformation: its ecological control and risk assessment in soil Ferisman Tindaon; Gero Benckiser
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.100306

Abstract

The Haber-Bosch (H-B) process, which enables the industrial production of ammonia from nitrogen and hydrogen, fundamentally changed food production. This process is crucial for synthesizing nitrogen-based fertilizers, which are essential for boosting crop yields and supporting the world's growing population. Monoculture farming, particularly when combined with high nitrogen input, poses significant environmental risks. It leads to soil degradation, increased vulnerability to pests and diseases, and water pollution. Reliance on synthetic fertilizers to offset nutrient depletion further worsens these problems. The question explores whether current analytical methods adequately identify and evaluate the side effects of urease (UI), nitrification (NI), and denitrification (DI) inhibitors used in nitrogen management strategies for high-yield monoculture farming. While inhibitors are designed to improve nitrogen use efficiency and reduce losses, their effectiveness must be weighed against their unintended consequences, necessitating the development of more comprehensive and holistic analytical approaches that better balance productivity and environmental protection. This research focuses on how different nitrogen fertilizer strategies, along with pesticide use, affect non-target organisms in ecosystems. It specifically examines the impacts of urea, nitrate manipulation, and stabilized nitrogen fertilizers like urease inhibitors (UI), nitrification inhibitors (NI), and dual inhibitors (DI) on ecological balance. The study also examines the broader environmental implications of these practices, including nitrogen loss and greenhouse gas emissions.  It highlights how these agrochemicals can affect wild plants, pollinators, and other non-target species, potentially disrupting ecosystem functions.
Enhancing peppermint growth: Investigating the interplay of Biochar and Nitrogen levels Hasan Haghighatnia; Ebrahim Talebi; Maryam Khosravi Nezhad
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i2.89008

Abstract

Peppermint (Mentha piperita) is valued for its medicinal properties and applications in the food and health industries. However, optimizing growth conditions to enhance yield and quality remains challenging. The study aimed to evaluate the impact of nitrogen and biochar on peppermint growth, elemental content, and biochemical composition, using a factorial experiment with a randomized block design and four-pot replications during the 2022-2023 crop year. Biochar levels up to 2% by weight increased plant height by 25%, chlorophyll index by 20%, leaf count by 18%, and dry weights of shoots and roots by 15%, but declined beyond this threshold. Nitrogen levels up to 75 mg per gram of soil increased plant height by 33.8%, chlorophyll index by 30%, and dry weights of aerial organs by 28%. Elemental concentrations in aerial organs peaked at 3% biochar, increasing potassium by 22%, phosphorus by 18%, and calcium by 15%, while zinc and copper decreased by 10% and 12%, respectively. Anthocyanin, flavonoid, and total phenol concentrations decreased by 20%, 30%, and 35% respectively with increasing biochar and nitrogen levels. Applying up to 2% biochar by weight optimizes peppermint yield. Nitrogen mitigates adverse effects of high biochar levels, with 50 mg nitrogen recommended at 2% biochar for optimal yield. These findings offer sustainable agricultural practices to improve crop productivity in nutrient-deficient soils and promote environmentally friendly agricultural practices.

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