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SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14123606     EISSN : 23561424     DOI : -
Core Subject : Education,
Education
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 140 Documents
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Improving coffee soil health using compost made from sugarcane leaves, coffee pulp, and Gliricidia sp. Afifatul Khoirunnisak; Sugeng Prijono; Lenny Sri Nopriani; Budi Prasetya; Atiqah Aulia Hanuf
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.103549

Abstract

Agricultural waste management remains a critical environmental concern, necessitating sustainable approaches to transform organic residues into valuable resources. Among these, composting offers an effective solution by converting biomass into nutrient-rich soil amendments and reducing the burden of waste disposal. This study aims to investigate the potential of combined agricultural waste composting for producing high-quality compost and enhancing soil properties in a coffee plantation. Eight composting treatments and three replications were formulated: P1: Saccharum officinarum leaves (100%), P2: Coffee pulp (100%), P3: Gliricidia sp. leaves (100%), P4: Saccharum officinarum leaves (50%) + Coffee pulp (25%) + Gliricidia sp. leaves (25%), P5: Coffee pulp (50%) + Saccharum officinarum leaves (25%) + Gliricidia sp. leaves (25%), P6: Gliricidia sp. leaves (50%) + Coffee pulp (25%) + Saccharum officinarum leaves (25%), P7: Coffee pulp (50%) + Saccharum officinarum leaves (50%), and P8: Coffee pulp (50%) + Gliricidia sp. leaves (50%). The findings indicated that the compost mixtures containing Gliricidia sp. leaves and coffee pulp yielded a C:N ratio of less than 25, signifying that the compost was mature. The application of compost resulted in an overall increase in soil pH, organic carbon, and total nitrogen, while also ameliorating soil structure through reduced bulk density and enhanced porosity, particularly at a depth of 30–60 cm. These results provide valuable insights for farmers and agricultural policymakers in developing sustainable waste management strategies that effectively address agricultural waste disposal challenges while improving soil fertility and promoting more environmentally friendly coffee production systems.
Seasonal methane emissions and agronomic performance of Indonesia’s high-yielding rice cultivars on the north coastal rice fields of Central Java, Indonesia Rina Kartikawati; Budiastuti Kurniasih; Eka Tarwaca Susila Putra; Eko Hanudin; Noppol Arunrat
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 2 (2024): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i2.88174

Abstract

Rice contributes significantly to methane emissions. In the north coastal region of Central Java Island, flooding irrigation for high-yielding rice cultivation is used throughout the rice-producing season to reduce the salinity effect. Information on methane emissions in coastal rice fields, particularly in salt-affected soil, is still limited. This study aimed to measure the methane emissions from different high-yielding rice varieties and examine the association with agronomic performance. The study site was in the Wedung district of Demak Regency, Central Java, and the research was carried out from November 2022 to March 2023. Eight rice cultivars—Ciherang, Inpari 32, Inpari 34, Inpari 35, Biosalin 1, Biosalin 2, Inpari Unsoed 79, and Inpari 30—were investigated. The experiment was designed as a randomized block with four replications. Methane gas samples were collected during the growing season in relation to rice stages. There were substantial differences in methane emissions among the eight rice varieties. Inpari 32, Ciherang, and Biosalin 1 had higher rice yields and lower yield-scale methane emissions than the other five rice varieties. Grain production and effective tiller number were significantly (p<0.01) and inversely linked to methane emissions. We found Inpari 32, Ciherang, and Biosalin 1 to be low-methane and high-yielding rice cultivars in salt-affected soil. These findings suggest that the use of these rice varieties by coastal farmers could help mitigate greenhouse gas emissions.
Effects of mounding on soil properties, root development, and physiological responses of Ganoderma boninense-infected and uninfected oil palms Muhdan Syarovy; Sumaryanto Sumaryanto; Syarul Nugroho; Valdi Muhamad Rafiansyah Siregar; Eka Wijayanti
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.94443

Abstract

Basal stem rot (BSR), caused by Ganoderma boninense, is a major disease in oil palm plantations, leading to significant losses. Currently, there is no fully effective method to control this disease. This study evaluated the effects of mounding techniques on root development in both Ganoderma-infected and uninfected oil palms over 8 months. The research was conducted across six plantations in North Sumatra, where root biomass was measured by uncovering a quarter of the mounded area and analyzing the soil's physical and chemical properties. The results showed that, although most soil properties were comparable, cation exchange capacity (CEC) and magnesium (Mg) levels were higher in uninfected palms. Root growth increased in both infected and uninfected palms from three to eight months after mounding, but by the seventh and eighth months, the root biomass in infected palms was lower compared to uninfected palms. Infected palms primarily showed the growth of primary-like roots, whereas uninfected palms exhibited more extensive tertiary and quaternary roots. The study concluded that while mounding stimulates root development, Ganoderma infection limits this growth. These findings have important implications for improving disease management strategies in oil palm plantations.
Development of portable color detector: its application for determination of Munsell Soil Color Heriyanto Syafutra; Muhammad Khoirul Anam; Faozan Ahmad; Desi Nadalia; Rudi Heryanto; Ganesha Antarnusa; Rofiqul Umam; Hirotaka Takahashi
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 1 (2025): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i1.91351

Abstract

Soil color is a crucial indicator in soil science and agriculture; it provides information about soil properties and conditions. Typically, surveyors determine soil color by visually comparing the soil samples to the Munsell Soil Color Chart (MSCC). However, the accuracy of this method can be influenced by lighting conditions and the observer's subjectivity, leading to potential inconsistencies. This study introduces a portable color sensor device designed to improve the accuracy and consistency in determining the soil color and its MSCC notation compared to traditional visual methods. The device integrates a TCS3200 color sensor with a microcontroller to automate the color determination process. The device was validated by operating it to determine the color of 12 test paper sheets and four test soil types. The device can determine the color of the tested paper and soil well (100% accuracy); the result is displayed on the Liquid Crystal Display. It consistently achieved 100% accuracy for all measurements with varying ambient light intensity. The device is designed to be portable and easy to use, thus supporting field use for surveyors. Therefore, this device offers significant advantages in soil classification, fertility assessment, and environmental monitoring.
Andosols property dynamics under intensive tea cultivation in West Java: Implications for sustainable management Rachmat Abdul Gani; Bambang Hendro Trisasongko; Budi Mulyanto; Sukarman Sukarman; Edi Yatno; Rufaidah Qonita Muslim; Haikal Caesa Prayudi; Heppy Suci Wulanningtyas; Destika Cahyana
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 23, No 1 (2026): June (in Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v23i1.108781

Abstract

Despite its significant economic value, tea cultivation in Indonesia is experiencing a continuous decline in plantation area, primarily due to changes in land use. Soil fertility degradation and reduced yields present a significant threat to the long-term sustainability of tea production. A comprehensive understanding of the dynamic nature of tea plantation soil properties is essential for developing sustainable land management strategies aimed at enhancing and maintaining the productivity and sustainability of healthy tea cultivation. This study investigates the properties of Andosols formed from andesite tuff in a heavily managed tea plantation in Cisarua, Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Four vertical soil profiles and ten composite soil samples were collected from depths of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm across varying tea vigor and slope class gradients in block plantations. The ongoing production of tea on Andosols has led to significant chemical decline, evidenced by decreased organic matter, increased acidity, reduced cation exchange capacity, and compromised andic properties. The observed rise in base saturation primarily indicates a reduction in CEC, rather than an improvement in fertility. The observed patterns indicate progressive soil weathering and reduced resilience in monoculture systems. Restorative management, which encompasses the incorporation of organic matter and a balanced nutrient supply, is essential for maintaining soil functionality and securing long-term tea productivity. This article synthesizes key findings regarding soil properties, anthropogenic impacts, and strategies for sustainable management. Understanding these dynamics is crucial for optimizing good soil management practices and enhancing tea productivity in volcanic areas.
Determining the optimal application rate of chicken manure for agricultural land through Phosphorus sorption-desorption analyses in Andisols of Wonokitri, East Java, Indonesia Noor, Muhammad Yussaq; Hartono, Arief; Nugroho, Budi
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 20, No 2 (2023): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v20i2.70746

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is a macro-essential element extensively used in agricultural production. Andisols, commonly found in Indonesia, serve as agricultural areas with high, excessive, and continuous organic matter input. However, the propensity of the soil for P leaching poses a potential risk of water pollution and eutrophication in the watershed area. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of the application rate of organic matter, specifically chicken manure, often employed in agricultural activities related to Andisols. The experiment involved observing P sorption, P desorption, P sorption kinetics, and P uptake by wheat (Triticum aestivum) in soil incubated with chicken manure added at various rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 t ha-1. The incubation stages were conducted for 14 days at room temperature (27°C) and soil moisture was maintained within field capacity. The data collected were analyzed using Langmuir isotherm for P sorption and desorption, and first-order kinetics for P sorption kinetics. The results showed that the chicken manure addition at 10-40 t ha-1 significantly reduced P bonding energy in Andisols, but failed to decrease the sorption maxima value due to accumulated P from previous applications performed. The application of 20 t ha-1 (CM20) of chicken manure was found to be the optimal rate, displaying high P uptake and reduced bonding energy, while rates above 20 t ha-1 showed no significant difference in P uptake and bonding energy levels. Therefore, CM20 was recommended to increase P availability and prevent P movement into water bodies, promoting sustainable agricultural practices.
Relationship model of land biophysical properties and their influence on Arabica coffee production in Bandung Regency, Indonesia by using the PCR method Mira Media Pratamaningsih; Diah Puspita Hati; Bambang Susanto; Muhammad Amir Solihin; Edi Yatno; Winda Ika Susanti; Muhammad Hikmat
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.93206

Abstract

Coffee is an essential agricultural commodity that significantly contributes to Indonesia's foreign exchange revenue. Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica L.), generally grown in highland areas at elevations between 1,000 to 2,000 m above sea level, exhibits persistently low productivity within the country. A primary factor influencing this low yield is the biophysical condition of the land. This study aims to examine the impact of land biophysical characteristics on Arabica coffee productivity and to investigate the interrelationships among those biophysical factors. This study was conducted in Bandung Regency, West Java Province, Indonesia. This study utilized 60 data sets encompassing 22 land biophysical parameters and one plant parameter, specifically coffee productivity. The data collection utilized a survey approach. Land biophysical data were collected through field observations and laboratory analyses, whereas coffee productivity data were obtained through farmer interviews. The principal component regression (PCR) method, incorporating principal component analysis (PCA) and multiple regression, was employed for statistical analysis. The findings indicated 7 principal components (PC) with a data representation level of 75.8%.  PC1 comprises primary components consisting of sand content, clay content, exchangeable Mg, Ca, and Na, with a representation level of 18.6%. PC2 consists of exchangeable K and potential K2O, while PC3 consists of total N, organic C, altitude, and slope. These components are the most significant factors influencing Arabica coffee production. The application of K and N fertilizers along with organic materials is expected to increase Arabica coffee production.
Effect of Microbial Fuel Cell, fertilizer, and plant spacing on nitrogen dynamics in paddy soil Efendi, Syahrul; Komariah, Komariah; Syamsiyah, Jauhari; Dewi, Widyatmani Sih; Hiramatsu, Ken; Azhar Fauzan, Adhia
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 21, No 1 (2024): June
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v21i1.86312

Abstract

Nitrogen is one of the primary nutrients required for growing rice. Still, the efficiency of urea fertilizer application is very low (20-40%) due to the nitrogen loss process, one of which is denitrification. This study aims to determine the effects of combining Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC), plant spacing, and fertilization on nitrogen dynamics in paddy fields. The combination of treatments are expected to reduce the nitrogen loss in paddy fields, and plants can absorb it efficiently. A total of six treatments included Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) (2 levels: without MFC and with MFC), plant spacing (2 levels: conventional spacing 25 cm × 25 cm and jajar legowo spacing 25 cm × 12.5 cm × 50 cm), and fertilization (2 levels: without fertilizer and with 500 kg ha-1 of NPK fertilizer), with three replications for each combination. The observed parameters included total soil nitrogen, nitrate, nitrogen uptake, chlorophyll, nitrogen-fixing and denitrifying bacteria, and N2O gas emissions. The results showed that combining MFC, conventional spacing, and NPK fertilizer in the paddy fields resulted in a high total soil nitrogen (0.44%). The results showed different effects on total soil nitrogen in the MFC and fertilization treatments, leading to increased nitrate levels, nutrient uptake, and chlorophyll. Increasing total soil nitrogen significantly contributes to leaf development and significantly aids photosynthesis. The integration of MFC and fertilization observed in this study resulted in a real impact on nitrogen dynamics in paddy fields. This combined treatment effectively reduces total nitrogen loss due to denitrification in paddy fields, thereby increasing the efficiency of uptake by plants.
GIS-based approach in land suitability evaluation for maize (Zea mays) and cassava (Manihot esculenta) production in Nsukka local government area of Enugu State Chigozie Pascal Umeugokwe; Nancy Ekene Ebido; Ihuoma Eileen Uroawuchi; Chukwuebuka Edwin Awaogu; Obiageli Umeugochukwu; Chika Mike Jidere; Ifeyinwa Monica Uzoh; Charles Livinus Anija Asadu
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 22, No 2 (2025): December
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v22i2.101534

Abstract

Agriculture remains a cornerstone of economic development, food security, and the livelihoods of rural communities in sub-Saharan Africa. This study employed a parametric evaluation approach to assess the suitability of soils in the Nsukka Local Government Area (LGA) of Enugu State, Southeastern Nigeria, for cultivating maize (Zea mays) and Cassava (Manihot esculenta) using the Geographical Information System (GIS). The study applied the FAO land evaluation framework using systematic soil sampling, laboratory analyses, and GIS mapping. A total of thirty geo-referenced soil samples from the surface (0-20 cm) were gathered in triplicate across Nsukka LGA. Climatic and topographic data were integrated with soil parameters to assess suitability. Thematic maps were developed and overlaid to generate suitability classes for maize and cassava using the ArcGIS software. The climate characteristics were highly suitable for crop production. Topography (slope) and soil characteristics (texture, organic carbon, and base saturation) were the most limiting factors for both crops. The maps showed that 6.18% of the study region was highly suitable, while 93.82% was moderately suitable for maize production. The study region was entirely suitable for cassava cultivation. These results support the recommendation for crop-specific land-use planning and targeted soil management practices to improve maize productivity and leverage cassava's resilience in marginal soils.
Soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass in agriculture and abandoned lands of Shivapuri-Nagarjun National Park, Kathmandu, Nepal Til Maya Dhakal; Lal Bahadur Thapa; Nikolaos Monokrousos; Ram Kailash Prasad Yadav; Chandra Prasad Pokhrel
SAINS TANAH - Journal of Soil Science and Agroclimatology Vol 23, No 1 (2026): June (in Progress)
Publisher : Universitas Sebelas Maret

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/stjssa.v23i1.92633

Abstract

Evaluating soil physicochemical and biological properties helps to understand ecosystem functions and nutrient dynamics. This study assessed the physicochemical and microbial properties of soil in agricultural and abandoned lands within Shivpuri-Nagarjun National Park, Nepal. Soil samples were collected from both agriculture and abandoned lands at soil depths of 10 to30 cm during the pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. Physicochemical parameters of the soil were analyzed by using standard protocols. The chloroform fumigation extraction method was applied for determination of microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen. Soil temperature decreased with increasing depth during both pre-monsoon and monsoon seasons, but it was increased on increasing the depth during post-monsoon. Agricultural land exhibited higher proportions of silt and clay, whereas abandoned land was characterized by a higher sand content. In agricultural soils, soil organic carbon was 2.63%, total nitrogen and available phosphorus were 0.21% and 72.16 kg ha-1, respectively, while available potassium was 636.55 kg ha-1. These nutrient levels peaked during the monsoon season and declined with increasing soil depth. Similarly, microbial biomass carbon (465.82 μg g-1) and nitrogen (48.58  μg g-1) were also higher in agricultural land, showing an increasing trend with depth. The microbial biomass carbon-to-nitrogen ratio ranged from 9.61 to 19.41. The first (PC1) and second (PC2) components of Principal Component Analysis (PCA) accounted for 35.5% and 12.4% of the total variance, respectively. Overall, agricultural land, upper soil layers, and the monsoon season were identified as the most influential factors contributing to improved soil characteristics.

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