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ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 14124092     EISSN : 24434183     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Social, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Energy Environmental Science Materials Science & Nanotechnology
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia is a chemistry journal published by Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia publishes original research articles or review articles in organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, physical chemistry, biochemistry, and environmental chemistry.
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Articles 21 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September" : 21 Documents clear
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Termodifikasi Kitosan dari Cangkang Keong Mas (Pomacea canaliculata) sebagai Penghantar Obat Kurkumin yang Terkontrol dan Tertargret Sel Kanker Payudara Husna Habib Musthofa; Puput Veronikasari; Rossalia Soraya; Muhammad Nursyam Maulana; Hilmi Amirul Haq; Fajar Rakhman Wibowo
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.92355.264-276

Abstract

Pengobatan kanker payudara saat ini masih sangat bergantung pada kemoterapi yang memiliki efek samping fisik dan psikologis. Kurkumin mudah terdegradasi dan memiliki biavaibilitas yang rendah. Kurkumin adalah senyawa lipofilik yang stabilitasnya dapat ditingkatkan dengan menggunakan sistem penghantaran obat berbasis Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) yang dimodifikasi dengan kitosan untuk melindungi bahan tersebut dari degradasi dalam sistem oral. Asam folat juga digunakan untuk menargetkan sel kanker payudara T47D. Kitosan disintesis dari cangkang keong mas menghasilkan bubuk putih (32,28%) dengan derajat deasetilasi 76,55%. Kitosan dikonjugasikan dengan asam folat (Chi-FA). Material NLCs termuat kurkumin disintesis melalui reaksi emulsi-evaporasi-solidifikasi. Material NLCs termuat kurkumin (Cur@NLCs) menunjukkan dua model matriks berdasarkan uji transmitansinya dengan distribusi ukuran partikel sebesar 174,4 nm dan zeta potensial -56,9 mV. Modifikasi permukaan Cur@NLCs dengan Chi-FA menghasilkan ukuran partikel 105,5 nm dan potensial zeta -45,9 mV. Studi pelepasan menunjukkan bahwa keberadaan kitosan dapat menekan pelepasan kurkumin dalam phosphate buffered saline (PBS) pada pH 1,2 dan pH 7,4 serta meningkatkan laju pelepasan pada pH 6,8. Uji toksisitas material menunjukkan peningkatan toksisitas pada sel T-47D. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa modifikasi tersebut dapat mengontrol dan menargetkan sel kanker.Nanostructured Lipid Carriers Modified with Chitosan from Golden Apple Snail Shells (Pomacea canaliculata) as Controlled and Targeted Curcumin Drug Delivery for Breast Cancer Cells. Current breast cancer treatment still relies heavily on chemotherapy, which has physical and psychological side effects. Curcumin is easily degraded and has low bioavailability. Curcumin is a lipophilic compound whose stability can be improved by using Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs)-based drug delivery systems modified with chitosan to protect the material from degradation in the oral system. Folic acid is also used to target T47D breast cancer cells. Chitosan was synthesized from golden apple snail shells to produce a white powder (32.28%) with a deacetylation degree of 76.55%. The chitosan was conjugated with folic acid (Chi-FA). Curcumin-loaded NLCs were synthesized through an emulsion-evaporation-solidification reaction. Curcumin-loaded NLCs (Cur@NLCs) showed two matrix models based on the transmittance test with a particle size distribution of 174.4 nm and a zeta potential of -56.9 mV. Surface modification of Cur@NLCs with Chi-FA resulted in a particle size of 105.5 nm and a zeta potential of -45.9 mV. Release studies showed that the presence of chitosan could suppress the release of curcumin in PBS at pH 1.2 and pH 7.4, and increase the release rate at pH 6.8. The material toxicity test showed an increase in toxicity to T-47D cells. This study shows that the modification can control and target cancer cells.
Campuran Senyawa β-Sitosterol dan Stigmasterol dari Ekstrak Metanol Daun Aglaia shawiana serta Aktivitas Sitotoksiknya terhadap Sel Kanker MCF-7 Ricson Pemimpin Hutagaol; Syifa Dwi Juwairriyyah; Tjandrawati Mozef; Sofa Fajriah; Gian Primahana
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.101051.424-431

Abstract

Aglaia merupakan salah satu genus terbesar dari famili tanaman Meliaceae (tanaman mahoni). Sejak tahun 1960-an, genus ini banyak diteliti untuk mengetahui kandungan fitokimia dan sifat biologisnya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menemukan metabolit sekunder dari Aglaia Aglaia shawiana, yang memiliki aktivitas sebagai senyawa anti kanker payudara. Isolasi dan identifikasi struktur senyawa kimia telah dilakukan dari ekstrak metanol daun A. shawiana. Ekstrak metanol daun A. shawiana telah diisolasi, difraksinasi menghasilkan sebuah isolat dengan berbagai metode kromatografi kolom gravitasi. Penentuan struktur senyawa isolat dilakukan dengan metode spektroskopi resonansi magnetik inti 1 dimensi (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR dan DEPT-1350) dan perbandingan dengan referensi terdahulu. Isolat yang telah berhasil diisolasi dalam studi ini merupakan campuran senyawa β-sitosterol dan stigmasterol, dimana β-sitosterol lebih dominan jumlahnya dibandingkan stigmasterol. Isolat telah diuji aktivitas sitotoksiknya terhadap lini sel kanker payudara MCF-7 dengan metoda dimetiltiazol difeniltetrazolium bromid (MTT) dan diperoleh nilai IC50 sebesar 135,9 µg/mL.Mixture of β-Sitosterol and Stigmasterol Compounds from Methanol Extract of Aglaia shawiana Leaves and Its Cytotoxic Activity Against MCF-7 Cancer Cell. Aglaia is one of the largest genera of the Meliaceae plant family (mahogany plants). Since the 1960s, this genus has been widely studied for its phytochemical content and biological properties. This study aimed to find secondary metabolites from Aglaia shawiana that have activity as anti-breast cancer compounds. Isolation and identification of the structure of chemical compounds have been carried out from the methanol extract of A. shawiana leaves. The methanol extract of A. shawiana leaves has been isolated and fractionated, resulting in an isolate by various gravity column chromatography methods. Determination of the structure of pure isolate compounds was carried out by 1-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and DEPT-1350) and comparison with previous references. The isolated fraction successfully isolated in this study is a mixture of β-sitosterol and stigmasterol compounds, where β-sitosterol is more dominant than stigmasterol. The isolate was tested for its cytotoxic activity against the MCF-7 breast cancer cell line using the dimethylthiazole diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method and obtained an IC50 value of 135.9 µg/mL. 
Formulation and Antioxidant Test of Nano Facial Wash Bay Leaf (Syzygium polyanthum) Extract with Green Surfactant from Ketapang (Terminalia catappa L.) Seed Oil Mochammad Chasani; Senny Widyaningsih; Undri Rastuti; Vita Nuraisyah Dwi Nugroho
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.97684.378-388

Abstract

The increasing use of skin care products today has encouraged the development of facial washes that are safe for health, such as those incorporating natural active ingredients. Green surfactants from ketapang seed oil and bay leaf extract are natural ingredients for a facial wash. This study aims to formulate and test a nano facial wash using surfactants derived from ketapang seed oil and antioxidants from bay leaf extract. The molecular size of facial wash has been improved by applying nanoemulsion technology, resulting in nano facial wash. This particle size improvement enhances the efficacy of active ingredients in facial wash. Methyl ester sulfonate (MES) surfactant made from ketapang seed oil was used to increase the stability and effectiveness of cleaning products. The resulting product was tested for physical characteristics, stability, and antioxidant activity using the DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method. The facial wash formulation was carried out with variations in MES concentration (3, 5, and 7%) and bay leaf extract (2, 4, and 6%). The results showed that the facial wash with the best characteristics had a surfactant content of 7% and bay leaf extract of 2%. The antioxidant activity of facial wash with the best nano and non-nano characteristics is 41.97 ppm and 81.58 ppm, which are classified as strong antioxidant activity.
Efisiensi Degradasi Limbah Methylene Blue Menggunakan Sintesis Hijau Fotokatalis ZnO Ekstrak Nanas dan Karbon Aktif Sekam Padi Adinda Thalia Putri; Tina Anggreani Lestari; Reffa Fitrichia; Nuni Widiarti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.95927.369-377

Abstract

Pencemaran air akibat limbah zat warna seperti methylene blue (MB) merupakan masalah lingkungan yang serius di Indonesia. MB banyak digunakan dalam industri tekstil, kosmetik, dan farmasi, dapat menurunkan kualitas air serta menimbulkan dampak negatif terhadap kesehatan manusia dan ekosistem. Fotokatalisis berbasis ZnO merupakan metode yang menjanjikan untuk mendekontaminasi air, namun keterbatasan penyerapan cahaya mengurangi efektivitasnya. Penelitian ini mengeksplorasi sintesis hijau ZnO menggunakan ekstrak nanas melalui metode presipitasi, dengan tujuan meningkatkan karakteristik dan aktivitas fotokatalitik. Selain itu, ZnO dikombinasikan dengan karbon aktif (KA) dari sekam padi dengan metode impregnasi untuk meningkatkan kinerjanya. Karakterisasi fotokatalis dilakukan menggunakan XRD, FTIR, dan BET untuk mengevaluasi sifat kristalinitas, gugus fungsi, dan luas permukaan material. Hasil XRD menunjukkan ZnO memiliki struktur wurtzit heksagonal dengan ukuran kristal 27,01 nm, sedangkan ZnO/KA memiliki ukuran 20,24 nm dengan struktur wurtzit heksagonal untuk ZnO dan struktur grafit untuk karbon. Hasil FTIR mengonfirmasi keberadaan ikatan Zn–O, C–H, dan O–H, sedangkan hasil BET menunjukkan bahwa ZnO/KA memiliki kurva distribusi pori tipe II dengan pori makro. Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan karbon aktif secara signifikan meningkatkan efisiensi fotodegradasi MB pada berbagai pH, dengan ZnO/karbon aktif (3:1) (b/b) mencapai kinerja tertinggi, mengurangi kadar MB hingga 99,81% pada pH 8.Degradation Efficiency of Methylene Blue Using Green-Synthesized ZnO Photocatalyst with Pineapple Extract and Rice Husk-Derived Activated Carbon. Water pollution caused by dye waste, such as methylene blue (MB), is a serious environmental issue in Indonesia. Widely used in the textile, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries, can degrade water quality and negatively impact human health and ecosystems. ZnO based photocatalysis is a promising method for water decontamination, but its limited light absorption reduces efficiency. This study explores the green synthesis of ZnO using pineapple extract via precipitation method to enhance its characteristics and photocatalytic activity. Additionally, ZnO was combined with activated carbon (AC) derived from rice husks through an impregnation to improve performance further. XRD, FTIR, and BET characterization confirmed the crystallinity, functional groups, and surface area properties. XRD analysis showed a hexagonal wurtzite structure for ZnO with a crystal size of 27.01 nm, while ZnO/AC had a size of 20.24 nm with both wurtzite and graphite structures. FTIR results verified Zn–O, C–H, and O–H bonds, and BET analysis indicated a type II macroporous distribution. Photodegradation tests revealed that ZnO/AC (3:1) (w/w) achieved the highest efficiency, reducing MB concentration by 99.81% at pH 8. These findings demonstrate that activated carbon significantly enhances the photocatalytic performance of ZnO, offering a sustainable approach for dye wastewater treatment.
Antibacterial Activity of Avicennia Mangrove Yeni Mulyani; Yuniar Mulyani; Aisyah Aisyah
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.100706.180-197

Abstract

The rise of antibiotic resistance presents a major challenge, reducing the efficacy of conventional antibacterial treatments and necessitating the discovery of novel antimicrobial agents. The use of natural products has played a pivotal role in the development of antibiotics. Specifically, marine organisms, with a notable emphasis on mangroves of the genus Avicennia, have played a crucial role in this process. Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, Avicennia alba, and Avicennia germinans have been found to contain secondary metabolites, including flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids, which exhibit antibacterial properties against drug-resistant pathogens. The review was conducted based on literature published between 2005 and 2025. These compounds act through diverse mechanisms such as disrupting bacterial cell walls, inhibiting protein synthesis, and interfering with quorum sensing and biofilm formation. Evaluations through disk diffusion, microdilution assay, and biofilm inhibition assays have demonstrated the significant antibacterial activity of Avicennia extracts, suggesting their potential as alternative therapeutics in combating resistant bacteria. Future research should focus on enhancing these bioactive compounds’ bioavailability, stability, and large-scale production while addressing potential toxicity and navigating the complex regulatory requirements for drug approval. The continued exploration of Avicennia-derived compounds may contribute to developing novel antibiotics, offering sustainable solutions to antibiotic resistance.
Optimization of Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Leaf Extract Emulgel Formulation using Simplex Lattice Design for Topical Application Nurfiana Rachmawati; Siti Aisiyah; Mega Novita; Dian Marlina
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.101792.432-441

Abstract

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) leaf extract is rich in bioactive compounds with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing effects, making it a promising candidate for topical applications. However, there are challenges in formulating an effective and stable system. This study aimed to optimize the formulation of Papaya leaf extract emulgel using the simolex lattice design (SLD) method with various concentrations of Carbopol 940, Olive oil, and Tween 80. Eight formulations were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability, and physical stability. This study showed that the optimal formulation of 1.0% Carbopol 940, 15% olive oil, and 10% Tween 80, which produced an emulgel with pH 6.1, viscosity of 4.580 cP, and spreadability of 6.8 cm, which are acceptable according to pharmaceutical standards. The above formulation showed good physical stability over 28 days of storage. In conclusion, the SLD method can be applied to developing typical herbal-based products and standardized for better effectiveness and stability.
Efek Pemberian Ekstrak Etanol Daun Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. terhadap Histologi Hati Tikus Putih Jantan Rattus norvegicus Dewi Ratnasari; Valentina Adimurti Kusumaningtyas; Arie Hardian
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.97702.326-336

Abstract

Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. tanaman yang secara tradisional digunakan untuk pengobatan demam, diare, penyakit kulit, malaria, dan meningitis, serta sebagai pestisida alami. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui efek toksik pemberian berulang ekstrak etanol daun T. vogelii terhadap berat dan histologi hati serta menentukan konsentrasi ekstrak etanol T. vogelii yang  aman terhadap liver tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) jantan. Objek dalam penelitian ini daun T. vogelii. Metode penelitian menggunakan desain Rancangan Acak Lengkap yang terdiri dari 5 perlakuan dan 6 kali pengulangan. Penelitian menggunakan parasetamol 50 mg/kg BB sebagai kontrol positif, air mineral sebagai kontrol negatif dan larutan uji ekstrak etanol daun T. vogelii dengan dosis 50mg/kg BB, 100 mg/kg BB dan 200 mg/kg BB dilakukan selama 28 hari. Parameter yang diamati adalah berat hati, inflamasi sel, dan steatosis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun T. vogelii tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap indeks organ (P>0,05), tidak menimbulkan inflamasi dan steatosis. Esktrak etanol daun T. vogelii dengan dosis 50, 100, dan 200 mg/kg BB tidak berpengaruh terhadap indeks organ, dan aman terhadap hati tikus putih jantan.Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Tephrosia vogelii Hook. f. Leaves on the Liver Histology of Male White Rats of Rattus norvegicus. Tephrosia vogelii Hook.f. is a plant traditionally used to treat fever, diarrhea, skin diseases, malaria, meningitis, and as a natural pesticide. This study aims to determine the toxic effect of repeated administration of T. vogelii leaves ethanol extract on liver weight and histology, and to establish the safe concentration of T. vogelii leaves ethanol extract for the liver of male white rats (Rattus norvegicus). The research method focuses on the leaf part. The study used a Completely Randomized Design with five treatments and six replications. Treatments included 50 mg/kg BW of paracetamol as a positive control, mineral water as a negative control, and test solutions of ethanol extract of T. vogelii leaves at doses of 50 mg/Kg BW, 100 mg/kg BW, and 200 mg/kg BW, administered over 28 days. The observed parameters were liver weight, cell inflammation, and steatosis. The research results show that the ethanol extract of T. vogelii has no significant effect on the organ index (P>0.05) and does not cause inflammation or steatosis. The ethanol extract of T. vogelii at doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg BW does not affect the organ index and is safe for the liver of male white rats.
Pembuatan Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) Teremban 2,4,5-Trimetoksikalkon dan Uji Kompatibilitasnya Reinner Ishaq Lerrick; Darius Toge Kore; Philiphi de Rozari; Febri Odel Nitbani; Fidelis Nitti; Johnson N Naat
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.96111.305-314

Abstract

Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) telah menjadi perangkat baru untuk mengekstraksi ion logam terutama dari larutan, karena selektivitas dan sensitivitasnya yang mudah disesuaikan melalui pembuatannya yang mudah. Ragam senyawa ekstraktan telah banyak dikembangkan dalam studi ekstraksi logam berbasis PIM. Namun, senyawa kalkon dan turunannya yang umum diketahui sebagai ekstraktan dan sensor logam, belum ditemukan penggunaannya dalam studi terkait PIM. Pada riset ini, senyawa 2,4,5-trimetoksikalkon, disintesis dari oksidasi minyak asaron asal Timor menggunakan ozon dan diikuti oleh reaksi kondensasi aldol dengan asetofenon, akan diembankan ke dalam matriks PIM PVC/D2EHPA. PIM yang disiapkan tersebut kemudian dikarakterisasi menggunakan Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) dan Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), serta dipelajari kompatibilitasnya. PIM yang mengandung 60% PVC, 40% D2EHPA dan berbagai konsentrasi 2,4,5-trimetoksikalkon (25, 20, 15, 10, dan 5 ppm) mempunyai sudut kontak air masing-masing sebesar 51,939º, 51,665º, 51,318º, 51,151º, dan 50,863º; serta nilai penyerapan air masing-masing sebesar 9,80%; 9,82%; 9,54%; 9,68%; dan 9,76% yang menunjukkan bahwa PIM yang dihasilkan bersifat hidrofilik. Sementara itu, hasil pengukuran kuat tarik dan persentase perpanjangan menunjukkan bahwa PIM tersebut bersifat fleksibel dengan nilai yang diperoleh masing-masing 12,15; 11,96; 11,91; 10,95; 10,22 MPa dan 32,7; 86,6; 127; 156,7; 166,7%.Preparation of Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM)-Embedded 2,4,5-Trimethoxychalcone and Its Compatibility Study. Polymer Inclusion Membrane (PIM) has become an emerging device for extracting metal ions, especially from solution, due to its selectivity and sensitivity fine-tuned through facile preparation. Chalcones, as well as their derivatives, which are known as metal extractants and sensors, have not been employed in PIM-related studies. In this research, the compound 2,4,5-trimethoxychalcone, synthesized sequentially over Timor’s asarone oil oxidation using ozone, followed by Aldol condensation reaction with acetophenone, was embedded into the PVC/D2EHPA PIM matrices. The prepared PIM was then characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and was studied for its compatibility. PIM contained 60% PVC, 40% D2EHPA and varied 2,4,5-trimethoxychalcone (25, 20, 15, 10, and 5 ppm) had water contact angles values of 51.939º, 51.665º, 51.318º, 51.151º, 50.863º, and water uptake of 9.80%, 9.82%, 9.54%, 9.68%, 9.76% respectively, which indicated that the resulting PIM was hydrophilic. Meanwhile, the tensile strength and elongation percentage showed that those PIM were flexible with the obtained values of 12.15, 11.96, 11.91, 10.95, 10.22 MPa and 32.7, 86.6, 127, 156.7, 166.7%, respectively.
Recovery Nutrien dari Efluen Digester Anaerobik Air Limbah Tahu dengan Presipitasi Struvite Zulkarnaini Zulkarnaini; Fenisa Fauziyah Marshal; Puti Sri Komala; Aufa Aniq Rumzi; Dewi Nilawati; Widyarani Widyarani; Diana Rahayuning Wulan; Neni Sintawardani; Nicolaus Nezha Nunez Mahasti
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.93205.198-223

Abstract

Efluen dari digester anaerobik multistages fixed-bed reactor pengolahan air limbah industri tahu di Desa Giriharja, Kabupaten Sumedang, memerlukan pengolahan lanjut karena masih mengandung nutrien amonium dan fosfor yang melebihi standar baku mutu untuk badan air. Presipitasi struvite merupakan presipitasi kimia yang memungkinkan untuk memperoleh kembali (recovery) amonium dan fosfat dari air limbah dengan cara penambahan magnesium. Air laut dapat digunakan sebagai sumber magnesium untuk proses presipitasi untuk mengurangi biaya operasional. Presipitasi struvite dipengaruhi oleh pH, ion-ion penting, suhu, dan zat-zat asing. Nilai pH yang tinggi dapat meningkatkan efisiensi penyisihan dan recovery P dan N, akan tetapi dapat meningkatkan presipitasi magnesium dan kalsium fosfat sehingga mengurangi kualitas kristal struvite yang terbentuk. Tingkat kejenuhan struvite berbanding lurus dengan logaritma konsentrasi ionik dalam kristal. Tingkat pertumbuhan, jenis dan ukuran kristal dipengaruhi oleh tinggi suhu. Tingginya konsentrasi zat asing pada larutan dapat mengakibatkan terhalangnya pertumbuhan kristal struvite. Penggunaan air laut sebagai sumber magnesium dalam presipitasi struvite dapat mengurangi biaya produksi, transportasi, serta menggantikan penggunaan bahan kimia.Nutrient Recovery from Tofu Wastewater Anaerobic Digester using Struvite Precipitation. Effluent from a multistage anaerobic digestion fixed-bed reactor for tofu industrial wastewater treatment in Giriharja Village, Sumedang Regency, requires further treatment because it still contains nutrients of ammonium and phosphorus that exceed the water quality standards. Struvite precipitation is a chemical precipitation process that allows for the recovery of ammonium and phosphate from wastewater by adding magnesium. Seawater can be used as a source of magnesium for the precipitation process to reduce operational costs. Struvite precipitation is affected by pH, essential ions, temperature, and foreign substances. A high pH value can increase the efficiency of P and N removal and recovery, but it can also increase the precipitation of magnesium and calcium phosphate, thereby reducing the quality of the struvite crystals formed. The level of struvite saturation is directly proportional to the logarithm of the ionic concentration in the crystals. The growth rate, type, and size of crystals are affected by temperature. High concentrations of foreign substances in the solution can inhibit struvite crystal growth. Using seawater as a source of magnesium in struvite precipitation can reduce production and transportation costs and replace the use of chemicals.
Sintesis Nanopartikel Perak Menggunakan Campuran Reduktor Kimia Trisodium Sitrat dan Bioreduktor Ekstrak Kulit Batang Cempedak (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.) Isah Waliah Indriani; Noor Hindryawati; Irfan Ashari Hiyahara
ALCHEMY Jurnal Penelitian Kimia Vol 21, No 2 (2025): September
Publisher : UNIVERSITAS SEBELAS MARET (UNS)

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20961/alchemy.21.2.103484.389-400

Abstract

Sintesis nanopartikel perak (AgNPs) telah dilakukan menggunakan reduktor kimia trisodium sitrat (Na3C6H5O7) dan bioreduktor dari ekstrak kulit batang cempedak (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.) serta campuran keduanya. AgNPs hasil sintesis dianalisis menggunakan spektrofotometer UV-Vis, PSA (Particle Size Analyzer) dan TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). AgNPs berhasil disintesis dapat dilihat dari perubahan warna medium reaksi menjadi kuning kecokelatan. AgNPs tetap stabil dipengukuran hari ke 5, ditunjukkan dari data spektrofotometer UV-Vis. Panjang gelombang maksimum muncul berturut turut untuk AgNPs dengan reduktor Na3C6H5O7 pada 426 – 430 nm;  AgNPs dengan bioreduktor dari ekstrak kulit batang cempedak pada 426 – 428 nm;  dan AgNPs dengan bioreduktor campuran pada 428 – 432 nm. Kondisi optimum sintesis AgNPs diperoleh dengan reduktor campuran pada konsentrasi AgNO3 4,5 mM;  perbandingan volume Na3C6H5O7:ekstrak kulit batang cempedak 2:1. Hasil karakterisasi dari PSA menunjukkan nanopartikel perak memiliki distribusi ukuran rata-rata 78,2 nm. Morfologi nanopartikel perak dari TEM menunjukkan AgNPs berbentuk bulat dengan rata-rata ukuran partikel sebesar 93,49 nm. Silver Nanoparticles Synthesis using a Mixture of Chemical Reductors of Trisodium Citrate and Bioreductors of Cempedak Stem Bark Extract (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr. The synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) has been carried out using the chemical reductant trisodium citrate (Na3C6H5O7) and bioreductant prepared from the extract of cempedak bark (Artocarpus integer (Thunb.) Merr.) and a mixture of both. The synthesized AgNPs were analyzed using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, PSA (Particle Size Analyzer), and TEM (Transmission Electron Microscope). The successful synthesis of AgNPs can be identified from the change in color of the reaction medium to brownish yellow. AgNPs remained stable on the 5th day of measurement, as shown by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer data. The maximum wavelengths appeared successively for AgNPs with Na3C6H5O7 reductant at 426 – 430 nm; AgNPs with bioreductant from cempedak bark extract at 426 – 428 nm; and AgNPs with mixed bioreductant at 428 – 432 nm. The conditions for AgNPs synthesis are optimum with a mixed reducing agent at a concentration of AgNO3 of 4.5 mM; the volume ratio of Na3C6H5O7:cempedak bark extract of 2:1. The characterization results from PSA showed that silver nanoparticles had an average size distribution of 78.2 nm. The morphology of silver nanoparticles from TEM showed that AgNPs were spherical with an average particle size of 93.49 nm. 

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