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INDONESIA
Tawarikh : Journal of Historical Studies
Published by Minda Masagi Press
ISSN : 20850980     EISSN : 26852284     DOI : -
This journal, with ISSN 2085-0980, was firstly published on October 28, 2009, in the context to commemorate the Youth Pledge Day in Indonesia. The TAWARIKH journal has been organized by the Lecturers of Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN SGD (State Islamic University, Sunan Gunung Djati) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia, since issue of April 2016 to date; and published by Minda Masagi Press, a publishing house owned by ASPENSI (the Association of Indonesian Scholars of History Education) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. The TAWARIKH journal is published every April and October. The TAWARIKH journal is devoted, but not limited to, history education, historical studies, and any new development and advancement in the field of history education and historical studies. The scope of our journal includes: (1) History Education and National Character Building; (2) Political, Social, Cultural and Educational History; (3) Education, History, and Social Awareness; (4) Economic History and Welfare State; (5) Science, Technology and Society in Historical Perspectives; (6) Religion and Philosophy in Historical Perspectives; and (7) Visual Arts, Dance, Music, and Design in Historical Perspectives.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 137 Documents
Socio-Historical and Cultural Influences on Visual Differentiation of Wayang Kulit of Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia: A Case Study of the Attributes Differentiation of Priest Drona Puppets Koesoemadinata, Moh Isa Pramana; Sabana, Setiawan; Adisasmito, Nuning Damayanti
TAWARIKH Vol 5, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: The “wayang kulit” (shadow play) is a traditional art of theatre that popular in Java and Bali, and considered as a multidimensional state of art which consists dimension of theatrical, literature, philosophy, moral education, and not to mention visual arts and crafts dimension as well, in which is the main discussion of this paper. There are several styles of Javanese “wayang kulit” based on their geographical area. Among those, Cirebon style possesses unique visualization which has resemblance to early phase of Islamic era “wayang” puppet. One of the character transformations done which includes personality and visual descriptions happened to the Priest Drona, the vital character of Mahabharata that role as “guru” (teacher) to both Pandawas and Kurawas, who was trapped inside dilemma between his warring disciples. In the adaptation version of Javanese shadow play, for some various and speculative reasons, Drona has been altered into an antagonistic character, and reached its extreme point of alteration as an absolute evil character in Cirebon version. Cirebon’s history, culture, and plural society gave significant influence on this. Drona puppets themselves have unique and specific visual attributes in comparison to other main characters puppets, and possess highly symbolic meaning beneath them. These facts told us that the character has a great significance. Later, these negative connotations of Drona was being sharpened and escalated in accordance of socio-historical events and local phenomenon, thus producing visual differentiation within the Drona puppets.KEY WORDS: “Wayang kulit”, Drona character, Cirebon area, visual, differentiations, attributes, socio-historical events, and symbolic meaning.    About the Authors: Moh Isa Pramana Koesoemadinata, M.Sn. is a Student of Doctoral Program at the Faculty of Visual Arts and Design ITB (Bandung Institute of Technology), Jalan Ganesha No.10, Tamansari, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. Prof. Dr. Setiawan Sabana and Dr. Nuning Damayanti Adisasmito are Lecturers at the Faculty of Visual Arts and Design ITB. Corresponding author is: dronacarya@yahoo.co.idHow to cite this article? Koesoemadinata, Moh Isa Pramana, Setiawan Sabana & Nuning Damayanti Adisasmito. (2013). “Socio-Historical and Cultural Influences on Visual Differentiation of Wayang Kulit of Cirebon, West Java, Indonesia: A Case Study of the Attributes Differentiation of Priest Drona Puppets” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.5(1) October, pp.43-56. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980.Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 5, 2013); Revised (September 9, 2013); and Published (October 28, 2013).
The Aesthetical Relationship between Digital Music and History of Modernism Santoso, Agus
TAWARIKH Vol 6, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: The used of the digital computer surely affects the born of postmodern aesthetic. This indication can be observed by looking at the music work that be produced. Every piece of it has aesthetical values, such as Pastiche, Kitsch, Parody, Camp, and Schizophrenic. These five values are the characteristics of aesthetical art produced by mass culture. This is an identity of postmodern culture. In mass culture, there is a sign of simulation system that does not reflect the signs out of itself, but it is a sign that represents the being of the sign itself. Moreover, behind the aesthetical value produced by the digital devices, it also creates the system of hyper-semiotics sign (beyond semiotic), because there are illusion signs like pseudo sign, false sign, and simulation sign. This writing is an analysis about the effect of modernity toward the value of digital music’s aesthetic that be created by using computer devices. The purpose is to reveal how far is the effect of modernity toward the reproduction process of digital music, and also what does the beauty of a music work created by a computer look like. The basic assumption, as the background of this writing, is triggered by the awareness that the birth of digital music works cannot be separated from the development of the modern culture, such as computer device. By using computer, in the end, everyone can create music work easily, because the reproduction is so different with the one done by using manual ways. In doing  this research, the writer uses historical approach, or diachronic, by looking at the present event, then connected to the previous time, so that the whole event can be identified.KEY WORDS: Effect of modernity, computer device, digital music’s aesthetic, system of hyper-semiotics sign, historical approach, and postmodern culture.About the Author: Agus Santoso, M.Sn. is a Lecturer of Musical Art at the Faculty of Art and Literature Science UNPAS (Pasundan University), Jalan Dr. Setiabudhi No.193, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. For academic interests, the author can be contacted via e-mail at: agus_bing@hotmail.comHow to cite this article? Santoso, Agus. (2015). “The Aesthetical Relationship between Digital Music and History of Modernism” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.6(2) April, pp.213-222. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UNHAS Makassar, ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 24, 2014); Revised (January 27, 2015); and Published (April 28, 2015).
The Aftermath of Coup d’ Etat Against Mohammad Mosaddeq of Iran in 1953: Reflections from British Documents Ebrahimi, Mansoureh; Yusoff, Kamaruzaman
TAWARIKH Vol 2, No 2 (2011)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: The present study investigates the Britain’s efforts after the 1953 coup in Iran. The mentioned coup is a vital milestone in the study of contemporary history of Iran. The coup that terminated to collapse Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddeq from the power. Mosaddeq was arrested and imprisoned after the coup. The present article investigates two main targets. In the first place, it intends to study the British attempts in deciding to exterminate Mosadeq’s government. Secondly, it tries to elucidate the British strategies to deal with various events happened, particularly after the coup. The exact analysis has been used to examine how British documents have shed a new light to the history of the 1953 coup. The resultant study manifests that through the coup plan and via controlling the internal circumstances of Iran after the coup, British – supported also by the USA – were the most considerable factor in changing the domestic and foreign policies of Iran. KEY WORDS: The coup, Mosadeq’s government, British and USA strategies, and changing the domestic and foreign policies of Iran.===About the Authors: Mansoureh Ebrahimi and Kamaruzaman Yusoff are Lecturers at the School of History, Politics and Strategic Studies, Faculty of Social Sciences and Humanities UKM (National University of Malaysia), Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia. They can be reached at: kamaruz@pkrisc.cc.ukm.myHow to cite this article? Ebrahimi, Mansoureh & Kamaruzaman Yusoff. (2011). “The Aftermath of Coup d’ Etat Against Mohammad Mosaddeq of Iran in 1953: Reflections from British Documents” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.2(2) April, pp.203-220. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (February 13, 2011); Revised (March 17, 2011); and Published (April 28, 2011).
Sabah (Malaysia) – Australia Relations: An Historical Observation Idris, Rizal Zamani; Bala, Bilcher; Morshidi, Azizan H
TAWARIKH Vol 4, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this paper is to examine the historical development of the relations between the state of Sabah (Malaysia) and Australia. These two political entities share a lot in common due to their historical past. They have both known one another since the 18th century. Notably, both countries had a British colonial background that has been founded by private explorers from England. Nonetheless, they experienced different fates from the start of the 20th century. Unlike Sabah, Australia became the permanent residence to thousands of Anglo-Saxon immigrants. The colonization process of this ethnic group eventually became the dividing line between Australia and Sabah as well as other countries within the East Asian region. However, the long-standing relationship between Sabah and Australia manifests that the foundation of the relationship is strong hence shall be further strengthened. This is an early attempt to trace the historical connections between Sabah (Malaysia) and Australia. Hence, further research is necessary in order to appreciate and further strengthen their relationship for mutual benefits.KEY WORDS: Sabah, Australia, historical development, relations of two nations,  and relationship for mutual benefits.    About the Authors: Rizal Zamani Idris, Assoc. Prof. Dr. Bilcher Bala, and Azizan H. Morshidi are Lecturers at the School of Social Sciences UMS (Malaysia University of Sabah), Jalan Beg Berkunci, Kota Kinabalu, Sabah, Malaysia. Corresponding author is rizal.idris@gmail.comHow to cite this article? Idris, Rizal Zamani, Bilcher Bala & Azizan H. Morshidi. (2013). “Sabah (Malaysia) – Australia Relations: An Historical Observation” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.4(2) April, pp.151-170. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (February 11, 2013); Revised (March 12, 2013); and Published (April 28, 2013).
The Heat of the Sunrise: The Suffering of Sukabumi People during the Japanese Occupation in West Java, Indonesia (1942-1945) Sulasman, Sulasman
TAWARIKH Vol 6, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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ABSTRACT: This article aims to describe the sufferings of Sukabumi people at the time of Japanese occupation in West Java, Indonesia. For reconstructing the event, the historical method, which includes Heuristics, Critics, Interpretation, and Historiography, were used. The result of this study shows that at the beginning of its arrival, the Japanese military was enthusiastically welcomed by Sukabumi people. They hoped that the Japanese military could free the Indonesia people from the Dutch imperialism. In fact, that hope was not realized. The Japanese policies were disadvantageous for the Indonesian people. Those policies were emphasized more on how the Indonesian people help the Japanese to become the new imperialist which substituted the Dutch colonial government. The Japanese military had used the religious symbols such as the scholars and the “kyais” as a tool of propaganda to support their economic war program. The Japanese policies that involved the scholar figures had replaced the scholars’ and “kyais” position from the honoured one to become the dishonoured one. People assumed that they were responsible for suffering of Sukabumi people. The Sukabumi people suffered from poverty and systematic economic decreasing. As a result of the paddy collection and the “romusha” programs, there were many Sukabumi people who suffered from starvation, malnutrition, caused by the lack of food to be consumed. This situation was responsible for the people’s death of starvation. The life of Sukabumi people was physically and psychologically suffering under the Japanese occupation in West Java, Indonesia.KEY WORDS: Japanese occupation, Moslem scholar, propaganda, paddy collection and “romusha” programs, economic decreasing, and suffering of Sukabumi people.  About the Author: Dr. H. Sulasman is a Senior Lecturer at the Department of Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN (State Islamic University) Sunan Gunung Djati, Jalan A.H. Nasution, No.105 Cipadung, Bandung 40614, West Java, Indonesia. For academic interests, he can be contacted via e-mail at: sulasman14@yahoo.comHow to cite this article? Sulasman. (2014). “The Heat of the Sunrise: The Suffering of Sukabumi People during the Japanese Occupation in West Java, Indonesia (1942-1945)” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.6(1) October, pp.93-104. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UNHAS Makassar, ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (September 17, 2013); Revised (June 25, 2014); and Published (October 28, 2014).
Voices of Islamic Reform: A Study on Islamic Press in Indonesia, 1900-1942 Emalia, Imas
TAWARIKH Vol 7, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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ABSTRACT: Since the end of the 19th century, indigenous-run press had developed rapidly in various regions of the East Indies (Indonesia now), especially in Java and Sumatra. In the beginning of the 20th century, the development of indigenous-run press developed more rapidly than before, in consequence of the fact that the press became the means of struggle used by numerous social, political, and religious organizations. The development of religious organizations, especially in Java and Sumatra, were influential as the press was used as a means for preaching on religious matters and was further expanded on social, economic, and political matters. It was stated that Islamic press played a significant role in the lives of the people. This development can be observed by the emergence of Islamic magazines pioneered by “Al-Moenir” (Enlightenment), in 1911-1916, which was circulated in West Sumatra. This magazine was influenced by the publication of “Al-Imam” (Leader), in 1906-1909, which was circulated in Singapore. While in Java, Islamic organizations such as SI (Sarekat Islam or Islamic League), Muhammadiyah (Followers of Prophet Muhammad), and PO (Persjarikatan Oelama or Islamic Scholars League) also actively made use of newspapers and magazines as their means of struggle. Through news and views, Islamic press called upon people to keep up with progress. Through Islamic press, people also were called upon to learn science, religion, and were given the awareness of nationalism. KEY WORDS: Islamic society, indigenous Islamic press, colonial Islamic politics, Islamic progress, and Netherlands Indies government.About the Author: Imas Emalia, M.Hum. is a Lecturer at the Department of History and Islamic Civilization, Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN (Universitas Islam Negeri or State Islamic University) Syarif Hidayatullah in Jakarta, Indonesia. For academic interests, the author is able to be contacted via mobile phone at: +628176753947 or via e-mail at: imas.emalia@gmail.comHow to cite this article? Emalia, Imas. (2016). “Voices of Islamic Reform: A Study on Islamic Press in Indonesia, 1900-1942” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.7(2) April, pp.201-224. Bandung, Indonesia: Minda Masagi Press and UIN SGD Bandung, ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (January 4, 2016); Revised (March 2, 2016); and Published (April 28, 2016).
The Process of Democratization in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 1951–1956: A Historical Perspective Yuniyanto, Tri
TAWARIKH Vol 2, No 1 (2010)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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ABSTRACT: Democracy is government by people, or in any case, people are involved in decision making concerning the problems management of government. Government of democracy can run passing two ways that is democracy directly and indirectly. In modern state, government of democracy in general executed indirectly, that is through the existence representative institutes represent people. Since Indonesia gained its independence, there were basic changes to build the political order democratically. Hence, it is important to note here for knowing the process of democratization in Yogyakarta. Like other self governing area, in Yogyakarta also claimed to be able to execute order of government of democracy. Social and political stucture in Yogyakarta gave a great change to excecutive institution to be more dominant in determining policy of regional government. DPRD (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat Daerah), for example, as tool to run people’s sovereignity in determining regional governmnet policy, was real not only as ”rubber stamp“ of policy which was determined by DPD (Dewan Pemerintahan Daerah), but also were able to give control and correction against deviation which happened. KEY WORDS: Process of democratization, General Election, regional government, regional representative council, and social and political control.About the Author: Tri Yuniyanto, M.Hum is a Lecturer at the Department of History Education, Faculty of Education and Teacher Training UNS (State University of Solo), Jalan Ir. Sutami No.36-A, Kentingan, Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia. He can be reached at: triyuniyanto@gmail.comHow to cite this article? Yuniyanto, Tri. (2010). “The Process of Democratization in Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 1951–1956: A Historical Perspective” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.2(1) October, pp.61-74. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980. Chronicle of the article: Accepted (August 3, 2010); Revised (September 6, 2010); and Published (October 28, 2010).
Contents and Foreword of TAWARIKH Journal, Issue of April 2017 TAWARIKH, Editor Journal
TAWARIKH Vol 8, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies.This journal, with ISSN 2085-0980, was firstly published on 28 October 2009, in the context to commemorate the Youth Pledge Day in Indonesia. Since issues of April 2016 to date, the TAWARIKH journal has been organized by the Lecturers at the Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN (State Islamic University) Sunan Gunung Djati in Bandung; and published by Minda Masagi Press as a publishing house owned by ASPENSI (the Association of Indonesian Scholars of History Education) in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. This journal is published twice a year i.e. every October and April. For period 2012 to 2017, the TAWARIKH journal has been accredited by Ditjendikti Kemdikbud RI (Directorate-General of Higher Education, Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia).Bandung, Indonesia: April 30, 2017.Dr. Setia GumilarHonorable Patron of TAWARIKH Journal; and Dean of Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN SGD Bandung, West Java, Indonesia.
Mother Figure in Indonesian Children Book Illustration in Terms of Attribute, Domestic, and Public Space Sihombing, Riama Maslan
TAWARIKH Vol 3, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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ABSTRACT: A mother is often viewed as someone who is full of love, tender, helpful, nurtured, and loving her children unconditionally. Illustrators picture a mother in a certain worldview, so that cultural constellation can be seen in the illustration of a mother in children books. This paper aims to investigate the identity of a mother in children book’s illustration pictured in personal and public space by descriptively reviewing meanings and codes of a mother on illustration using semiotic theory. This research, then, took ten children book illustration published in the 1980s – 1990s with ten purposive samples and some samples taken from year 2000 as comparison. This research is a preliminary study to find meaning of a mother figure illustrations with the finding that the traditional stereotype of the mother appears with a distinctive attribute of mothers wearing a “kebaya”, a hair bun and present in domestic sphere; and in further development, a mother appears in public space as a consequence to the change of her position as the breadwinner of the family. KEY WORDS: Mother figure, children book’s illustration, stereotype, Indonesian family, and social changes.About the Author: Riama Maslan Sihombing is a Ph.D. Candidate and as a Lecturer at Faculty of Art and Design ITB (Bandung Institute of Technology), Jalan Ganesha No.10 Tamansari, Bandung, West Java, Indonesia. She can be reached at: riamamaslansihombing@gmail.comHow to cite this article? Sihombing, Riama Maslan. (2012). “Mother Figure in Indonesian Children Book Illustration in Terms of Attribute, Domestic, and Public Space” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.3(2) April, pp.253-264. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980.Chronicle of the article: Accepted (February 2, 2012); Revised (March 4, 2012); and Published (April 28, 2012).
Social Conflict Management through Multicultural Approach and Policy in Preventing and Overcoming the Social Disintegration Abdullah, Sahawiah
TAWARIKH Vol 5, No 2 (2014)
Publisher : ASPENSI in Bandung, Indonesia

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ABSTRACT: Indonesia is a diverse country in terms of ethnic groups and languages. However, this diversity would negatively be a threat to the existence of Indonesia. The ability of the nation-state to manage and prevent the emergence of potential threats are efforts that needs to be pursued. One of the apporaches that might support the efforts is by recognizing the importance of promoting people awareness that multiculturalism is a reality that must be faced.  Therefore, multiculturalism should be the basis for any implementation of the state policies. In order to enhance social resilience, the policy can be implementated through strengthening and empowering the social structures, social institutions, and social networks. It should be designed in an integrated system ranging from the scope of national to villages. With regards to the curative activities carried out for the victims of social conflicts, it should be directed toward short, medium, and long terms emergency measures; so, as the victims are able to meet their basic needs. In terms of the main executors (agents of change), the policy implementation should be directed toward any effort aimed at developing advocacy on the levels of individual, family, and group as well as community. The improvement and development of social resilience needs to be pursued in order to enhance the ability of communities to utilize resources and manage variety of public interests and social conflicts. With these efforts, the historical facts that Indonesia is consisted of various ethnic groups, languages, and diverse cultures can be truly become a positive potential to improve the development of nation, and not vice versa.KEY WORDS: Social conflict, social integration, social disintegration, multicultural, policy implementation, and Indonesian society.About the Author: Dr. Sahawiah Abdullah is a Senior Lecturer at the STIKS (Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial or College of Social Welfare Science) Tamalanrea in Makassar City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Corresponding author is sahawiah_depsos@yahoo.comHow to cite this article? Abdullah, Sahawiah. (2014). “Social Conflict Management through Multicultural Approach and Policy in Preventing and Overcoming the Social Disintegration” in TAWARIKH: International Journal for Historical Studies, Vol.5(2) April, pp.237-246. Bandung, Indonesia: ASPENSI [Asosiasi Sarjana Pendidikan Sejarah Indonesia] and UVRI [Universitas Veteran Republik Indonesia], ISSN 2085-0980.Chronicle of the article: Accepted (February 17, 2014); Revised (March 20, 2014); and Published (April 28, 2014).

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