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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 273 Documents

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Peran Varietas Tahan dalam Menurunkan Populasi Wereng Coklat Biotipe 4 pada Tanaman Padi E., Baehaki S.; K., Arifin; Munawar, D.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 3 (2011): Desember 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Research was carried out in a screen house at Indonesian Center for Rice Research and in the rice field at Pati, Central Java, during the Wet Season 2009. Design of each experiment was factorial with three replications. The first factor consisted of four varieties, namely IR74, Ciherang, Hipa 4, and Muncul. The second factor consisted of three insecticides, namely imidackloprid, BPMC, and deltamethrin. Results of the screen house trial showed that varieties IR74 and Ciherang were able to reduce nymph population of brown planthopper (BPH) biotype 4 generation 1 (G1) from Pati, Central Java, by 52.9% and 19.1%, respectively. Variety IR74 reduced nymph population of BPH biotype 4 generation 2 (G2) by 39.8%. The Insecticides Effectiveness (IE) values of imidakloprid, BPMC, and deltamethrin treatments at dosages 0.5 kg/ha; 1.5 l/ha, dan 0.25 l/ha, respectively, against BPH Biotype 4 Generation 1 (G1) and Generation 2 (G2) were less than 50%. Insecticides imidacloprid, BPMC, and deltamethrin each was not effective against the BPH. On the other hand, IE of imidacloprid, BPMC, and deltamethrin at the recommended dosages to BPH biotype 1 G1 in he screenhouse were 99.8%; 50.6% and 24.7%, respectively. Results of the field trial in Pati showed that varieties IR74, Ciherang, Hipa 4, and Muncul prior to 65 days after transplanting (DAT) did not reduce the BPH populations, but at 75 DAT, varieties IR74 and Ciherang reduced the BPH populations up to 52.3% and 66.1%, respectively. Decrease in the BPH population by imidacloprid ranged from 20.1-52.4% and by BPMC from 9.2-26.4%. Yield of IR74 which resistant variety to BPH Biotype 3 was significantly higher than that of Ciherang with a yield different of 3263 kg/ha.

Hasil Padi dari Empat Kelas Benih Yang Berbeda Mulsanti, Indria W.; Wahyuni, Sri; Sembiring, Hasil
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 3 (2014): Desember 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

There is conflicting informations regarding the advantages of planting of stock seed (SS) over Extension Seed (ES) classes. An experiment to study the effect of different seedclasses on grain yield and yield components of five rice varieties was carried out at two locations i.e. Sukamandi and Muara Field Station during the wet and dry season of 2009. The treatment consisted of five rice varieties, namely: Ciherang, Mekongga, IR64, Cigeulis and Situ Bagendit, and their respective seed classes: namely breeder seed, foundation seed, stock seed and extension seed. The experiment was arranged in a split plot design with three replications, where rice varieties were as main plots and seed classes as sub plots. Variables to be evaluated consisted of: quality of seed before sowing, plant growth, yield components and grain yield. Performance of the observed variable of each rice variety derived from four different seed-classes in each location and planting season were not significantly different. Differences of seed classes only affected the percentage of seed purity. There was no significant difference on the grain yield and the seed yield obtained from different seed classes of each variety. These results disprove the belief that the higher seed class the higher productivity, which was found to be a wrong perception. Seed certification is designed to maintain the genetic purity of variety and not to increase the productivity.

Karakter Kuantitatif Kacang Hijau pada Lingkungan Naungan Sundari, Titik
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 1 (2012): April 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Tolerance to shade among mungbean genotypes were assessed based on their environmental stress tolerance indices (ITC). Through an approach of direct and indirect relationships between quantitative characters, quantitative characters that play roles in mungbean tolerance to shade was identified. The trial was conducted at Kendalpayak Experimental Farm, Malang. Treatments were without shading and with a 52% shading using 12 mungbean genotypes representing 9 genotypes tolerant to shading and susceptible genotypes. Under each shaded environment, the treatments were arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. Observations were carried out on plant morphology (leaf number, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf hairs number, plant height, stem diameter, age of flowering and harvesting, number of pods, pod dry weight, seed weight and seed size) and leaf anatomy (thickness of leaves, epiderm cells, palisade tissue length, and number of leaf stomates). Mungbean genotypes that were tolerant to shading had different plant morphology and leaf anatomy from those of susceptible genotypes. The tolerant mungbean genotypes had larger leaves, less number of leaf hairs, thicker leaves, thinner leaf epidermal cells, longer palisade tissue, more number of stomates, higher contents of chlorophyll a and b, larger diameter of stem, higher pod dry weight, larger seed size, and higher grain yields than those of the susceptible genotypes. Three characters of mungbean plants that need to be taken into account in determining tolerance to shade were the leaf area, number of leaf hairs, and seed weight per plant. Selection of the immatured beans can be done using indirect selection based on the three characters, namely stem diameters at 2 and 4 weeks after planting (WAP), plant height at 4 WAP, and weight of 100 seeds.

Pengaruh Insektisida Nabati dan Kimia terhadap Hama Thrips dan Hasil Kacang Hijau Indiati, S. W.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 3 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Thrips, Megalurothrips usitatus, is an important pest of mungbean at its vegetative phase. Severe attacks of the pest can cause yield losses of mungbean from 13 to 64 %. An experiment was conducted at Muneng Research Station, Probolinggo, East Java, in dry season of to 2010, to identify effectiveness of biological and chemical insecticides to control thrips. The trial was arranged in a randomized block design with 10 treatments and three replications. The treatments were: spraying with water suspensions of fipronil 2 ml/l, imidaklorprit 200 SL 2 ml/l, imidaklorprit 100 EC 2 ml/l, emamektin benzoate 2 g/10l, neem seed powder (SBM) 100 g/l, garlic bulb extract 85 g/100 ml, ginger rhizome extract 50 g/l, papaya leaves extract 50 g/l, and a mixture of extracts from 25 g green chilies, 25 g ginger, and garlic 50 g/3l. The results showed that the use of SBM, garlic, ginger, papaya, and extracts a mixture of LBJ had an equal effectiveness in suppressing population and intensity of thrip attacked on mungbean. The biologcal insecticides were less effective than the synthetic ones in controlling population and intensity of thrips attacked, but they were safe for the environment. The pesticide treatments reduced yield losses of mung bean up to 63%, depending on the pesticide used.

Identifikasi Sifat Fisik, Kimia, dan Sensoris Klon-klon Harapan Ubijalar Kaya Antosianin Ginting, Erliana; Yulifianti, Rahmi; Jusuf, M.; Mejaya, Made J.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 1 (2015): April 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Breeding for sweet potato varieties rich in anthocyanins is essential to promote the use of sweet potato as functional food as well as to support food diversification program. This study was performed to identify physical, chemical, and sensorial characteristics of 10 promising clones of purple-fleshed sweet potato and two varieties (Ayamurasaki and Antin 1) as checks, at the Food Chemistry and Processing Laboratory of ILETRI, Malang from November until December 2012. The trial was arranged in a completely randomized design with three replicates. Observations included physical and chemical characteristics of the fresh roots and sensory attributes of the steamed roots using hedonic test of 20 panelists. The flesh colour varied from white/yellow purplish, purple up to dark purple. The lightness colour (L*) of root flesh was negatively correlated with total anthocyanins (R2 = 0.81), which varied from 1.86 mg (MSU 06044-05) up to 123.92 mg equivalent to cyanidin 3-glycoside/100 g fw (MSU 06046-48). Three clones, namely MSU 06046-48, MSU 06028-71, and MIS 0601-179 had higher total anthocyanins than that of Ayamurasaki (70.41mg/100 g fw) as a check. Moisture, ash, crude fiber, reducing sugar, amylose, and starch contents also varied among clones, ranged from 67.7 to 75.8%; 2.8 to 3.9% dw; 2.5 to 4.8%; 0.9 to 4.4% dw; 20.0 to 27.4% dw and 50.3 to 66.6% dw, respectively. MIS 0601-179 clone had the highest dry matter and starch contents (40.05% dw and 66.64% dw) which were suitable for flour ingredient. The steamed roots of MSU 06044-05 (yellow purplish) gave the highest scores of panelist preferences on colour, texture and taste attributes, followed by MIS 0601-179, Ayamurasaki, and MSU 06028-71 (purple). The bitter taste of MSU 06046-48 steamed roots associated with the highest anthocyanins content was slightly disliked, suggesting that this clone needs an alternative preparation method other than steaming.

Analisis Produksi dan Efisiensi Pengelolaan Tanaman Terpadu Padi Sawah di Provinsi Bali Suharyanto, Suharyanto; Mulyo, Jangkung H.; Darwanto, Dwidjono H.; Widodo, Sri
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 2 (2015): Agustus 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The integrated crop management approach on riceÂ is aimed to increase the productivity on fields with the constraintÂ of limited land area. This present research was aimed to analyzethe impact of the implementation of integrated crop managementÂ to grain yield and its efficiency on the lowland farming. The studyÂ was conducted in three districts representing the lowland riceÂ production center in Bali, i.e. Tabanan, Buleleng and Gianyar,Â involving 216 respondents, over two cropping seasons. SamplingÂ of the respondents was using stratified simple random method.Â Data were analyzed using a stochastic frontier production functionÂ with the Maximum Likelihood Estimation (MLE) method. The resultsÂ showed that the aggregate of rice production was affected by landÂ area, amount of seeds, N fertilizer, organic fertilizer, pesticides,Â labor and age of seedling. Rice yield was higher in the dry seasonÂ applying legowo planting pattern, followed by intermittent irrigations,Â IPM and planting varieties other than IR64. Technically, both ICMFSÂ alumni farmers and non ICM-FS alumni were consideredÂ efficient, with an efficiency rate of more than 70 percent, but onlyICM-FS alumni farmers allocated the inputs efficiently, andÂ therefore economically move efficient. Socio economic factorsÂ which were significantly affected the aggregate technicalinefficiencies were age of farmers, level of education, farmingÂ experiences, and the number of land plots. Technical inefficiencyÂ of the lowland rice farming was lower when ICM-FS alumni farmersÂ work on their own lands.

Kemajuan Genetik dan Heritabilitas Karakter Agronomi Padi Beras Hitam pada Populasi F2 Kristamtini, Kristamtini; Sutarno, Sutarno; Wiranti, Endang Wisnu; Widyayanti, Setyorini
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 2 (2016): Agustus 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Black rice is a local rice variety with some advantages and weaknesses. The desirable character of black rice is its high anthocyanin content, while the weaknesses are late maturing, tall plant stature and low grain yield. Crosses were made between two parents aimed to recombine the superior traits. The effectiveness and efficiency of selection would be determined by the magnitude of the heritability of traits and the selection progress. This study was aimed to determine the heritability estimates in a broad sense and the genetic advance of agronomic characters of F2 generation, from crosses of local black rice and high yielding variety of white rice. The experiment was conducted in Padasan, Pakembinangun, Pakem, Sleman, Yogyakarta from January to May 2013. The F2 population derived from crosses of black rice x white rice, with the morphological traits of hairless black rice (S) crossed with Situbagendit (G) white rice, Cempo ireng (C) with Situbagendit (G) and Cempo ireng (C) with Inpari 6 (I). The F2 plants population were planted without replication. Genetic parameters estimated were calculated for broad sense heritability and genetic advance from selection. Results showed that the F2 population had high broad sense heritability estimates for all characters observed, including: plant height, flag leaf length, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains per panicle, number of empty grains per panicle, maturity and rice color, in the three F2 populations obtained from crosses of S x G, C x G and C x I. Only the plant height of S x G cross had a medium broad sense heritability estimate. The large heritability estimates indicated that the respective character was controlled by genetic factor more than environmental ones. High genetic advance would be obtained in the flag leaf length, number of productive tillers, panicle length, number of filled grains/panicle, number of empty grains/panicle and rice color from S x G, C x G and C x I crosses. Genetic advance of plant height was medium (at S x G and C x I crosses) to high (C x G crosses). The maturity trait had low genetic advance on cross S x G; C x G; and Cx I. The high value of genetic advance of character would suggest that selection on the characterâ€™s appearance would be successful.

Adaptasi dan Stabilitas Hasil Galur-galur Aromatik Padi Sawah di Sumatera Utara Akmal, Akmal; Gunarsih, Cucu; Samaullah, M. Yamin
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 1 (2014): April 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

This research was aimed to describe the yield stability and growth adaptation of elite lines of aromatic rice in rice production centers of North Sumatra. The experiments were conducted at 10 sites during dry season (DS) 2001 and DS 2002. Research materials consisted of 12 elite lines introduced from IRRI with IR64 as check variety. The treatments were arranged in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. Stability analysis was performed using methods of Eberhart and Russell, Finlay and Wilkinson, and Francis and Kanennberg. The results showed that the interaction of genotype x environment effect was very significant, indicating the presence of specific line adaptation on a particular environment. Genotypes which had the highest average yield were not always stable genotypes, as was shown by IR71137-49-1-2 which was more suitable to the sub-optimum environment. Lines IR71143-223-3-2-2-3, IR71146-97-1-2-1-3, IR65610-24-3-6-3-2-3, IR66696-49-1-2, IR71146-407-2-1-2-1, IR71146-122-1-1-2-1 were considered as stable genotypes according to the three analysis methods and each line showed high average yield. Those genotypes are suggested to be planted in the high productivity environments in order to obtain its optimum genetic expressivity on grain yield

Keragaman Genetik Gandum (Triticum aestivum L) Hasil Persilangan Konvergen Nur, Amin; Syahruddin, Karlina; Pabendon, Marcia B.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 1, No 2 (2017): Agustus 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Wheat is a subtropical crop with a limited genetic resources in indonesia since it belong to tropical country. Convergent breeding is an effort to expand genetic diversity in wheat and to get the plant genotipes that have spesific characters. The aim of this reserch was to determineÂ genetic diversity of wheat segregants resulted from convergent breeding using Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs).Â Fifty seven wheat genotipes were tested using 39 SSR markersÂ to determine theirÂ diversity. The results showed grouping by upgma of similarity matrixÂ with genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.30 to 0.95. The similarity coefficient at 0.3 separated the 57 genotipes into two groups: the first group consisted of segregants, Oasis and Guri1 and Guri2 and the second group consisted of Dewata, Alibey, Rabe/M088, Selayar, HP 1744 and Tepoca/Rabe. Alleles which are formed from the entire genotipes using 39 primers were 137 alleles with a range of base pairs formed between 85.6-553 bp. PIC value and the average number of alleles were 0.35 and 3.51, respectively. The genetic variability being increased in wheat germplasm population and obtained 22 candidates of genotipe recombination having a high value of genetic distance (â‰¥0.75) with a chance of many recombination.

Stabilitas Hasil dan Daya Adaptasi Lima Padi Hibrida di Jawa Tengah Widyastuti, Yuni; Satoto, Satoto
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 31, No 2 (2012): Agustus 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Five rice hybrids (H40, H41, H45, H57, and H63) and three check varieties (Maro, Hipa3, and IR64) were tested for their yield stability and adaptability at 7 locations in Central Java during the dry season of 2005. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with 4 replications. Objectives of the research were to evaluate stability and adaptability of the rice hybrids at 7 locations in Central Java. Yield stability and adaptability were determined based on the stability model of Eberhart and Russel and the adaptability criteria of Finlay and Wilkinson. Results indicated that yield potential of the five rice hybrids varied greatly, ranging from 4.92 t/ha (H41) to 6.35 t/ha (H35). Four rice hybrids yielded 2.33-8.61% higher than did IR64. The yield performances of hybrids H40, H45, H57, and H63 were stable across locations. Hybrids H40, H57, and H63 adapted well in all environments. Hybrid H45 adapted only to an optimal growth environment, while H40 adapted to sub optimal areas.

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