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Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan

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Published by Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

ISSN : 25415166 EISSN : 25415174 DOI : 10.21082

Core Subject : Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry

Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan merupakan publikasi yang memuat makalah ilmiah primer hasil penelitian tanaman pangan (padi dan palawija). Redaksi menerima makalah dari peneliti Puslitbang Tanaman Pangan, Balai Pengkajian Teknologi Pertanian (BPTP), maupun perguruan tinggi. Makalah yang dikirimkan hendaknya sudah mendapat persetujuan dari pimpinan instansi masing-masing. Ketentuan penulisan makalah untuk dapat dimuat di jurnal ini tertera dalam "Author Guidelines/Petunjuk bagi Penulis" di halaman terakhir Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian.

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Articles 273 Documents

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Karakterisasi Morfologi, Anatomi dan Fisiologi Galur Mutan Gandum yang Ditanam di Dataran Rendah Tropik Sari, Laela; Purwito, Agus; Sopandie, Didy; Purnamaningsih, Ragapadmi; Sudarmonowati, Enny
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 1 (2016): April 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Characterization of mutant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) lines is a step on the breeding program to determine the beneficial characters for increasing the productivity in tropical lowland. The aim of this research was to obtain information on the variability of morphological, anatomical, and physiological characters that could be used as selection criteria and to obtain adaptive mutant lines of â€œAlibeyâ€ in tropical low altitude land. Research was conducted at the Experimental Farm of SEAMEO-BIOTROP in Bogor 250 m above sea level, from April to December 2013. Mutant lines of â€œAlibeyâ€ consisted of 16 M3 mutants resulted from treatments of EMS. LC50 of â€œAlibeyâ€ at 0.1% EMS for 60 minutes. Results showed that the mutant lines changed their morphological traits significantly, as indicated by the four characters i.e. long stem panicle (8 mutants), grain weight/panicle (1 mutant), weight of 100 seeds (4 mutants) and seed weight/plant (9 mutants). However, the mutant had no significant effect on the nine other characters, including: time of flowering, days to maturing, panicle length, plant height, number of tillers, panicle number, and leaf area. Anatomical characters namely leaf thickness and stomata size showed different values between â€œAlibeyâ€ mutant (AB-0.1.60-1-7-1) and the original Alibey. For the physiological characters there were significant differences among mutants with respect to the amount of proline and glucose levels. Proline level in the control plant was 4.15 ug/g BB, while that in mutant â€œAB-0.1.60-3-16-1â€ was 263.47 Âµg/g BB, and that in â€œAB-0.1.60-3-3-2â€ was 235.90 Âµ/g BB. Likewise, glucose level in control was 132.88 mg/ml, while in mutant â€œAB-0.1.60-3-16-1â€ was 181.48 mg/ml, and that in â€œAB-0.1.60-3-3-2â€ was 287.41 mg/ml. â€œAlibeyâ€ mutants should be selected based on two characters i.e. stem panicle length and seed weight/plant. Correlation analysis between panicle number and all other characters were not significant. Plant height significantly affected the grain weight/panicle and the grain weight/plant. It is expected that some of the mutants are adaptable to the tropical lowlands, so that the diversity of wheat germplasm in Indonesia is increased.

Kompatibilitas Sumber Inokulan Fungi Mikoriza Arbuskular pada Kedelai dengan Budidaya Jenuh Air Muis, Ridwan; Ghulamahdi, Munif; Melati, Maya; Purwono, Purwono; Mansur, Irdika
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 35, No 3 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The main problem encountered by soybean crop in acid sulfate tidal lands is less availability of P, because of its chemical bond with Fe. Heavy dose ofÂ fertilization often lead to high fertilizer residue, wich could be used for crops farming using AMF. Research was conducted to study the effect of soybean culturing technique and AMF inoculants source on growth ofÂ soybean. The treatments consisted two factors, arranged in a randomized block design with three replications. The first factor was four inoculants sources of AMF, namely AMF and without inoculation AMF, inoculants from rhizospheres of kudzu (Pueraria javanica), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max). The second factor was culturing tehnique, namely water saturated and dry soil culture. Soybeans were grown in pots containing 5 kg soil derived from tidal land,Â Simpang Village, District of Berbak, East Tanjung Jabung Regency,Â Jambi Province. Results showed that the interaction saturated soil culture with inoculants from cornâ€™s rhizosphere had positive effect on the variability of N, P and K uptake, N and P content in the plant, relative efficiency of inoculants and relative efficiency of P uptake, stem diameter, biomass dry weight, the number of filled pods and seed dry weight of soybeans. Dry soil culture with inoculants of cornâ€™s rhizosphere had greater root colonization, but overall for the growth and grain yield of soybean, saturated soil culture with inoculants from corn rhizosphere has better effect on other growth variables.

Pengaruh Teknik Pemberian Kapur terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kedelai pada Lahan Kering Masam Subandi, Subandi; Wijanarko, Andy
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 32, No 3 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Acidic upland intended for soybean development areas must be limed to improve its soil fertility. The targeted soil is the root zones around 30 cm depth for soybean to decrease the level of acidity. The study was carried out in Sukadana, East Lampung Province, to determine the effect of lime application technique to the growth and yield of soybean in acidic upland. The experiment was conducted for two years (2009 and 2010). The experiment in 2009 used randomized complete block design to study four rates of lime, based on the calculation to decrease the exchangeable Al to 20%. Two weeks after lime was incorporated into the soil, soybean (Wilis variety) was planted, and bassal fertilizer of 300 kg NPK/ha was applied. In the 2010 experiment, each previous treatment plot was divided into two plots of the same size: one was treated with no lime to study the effect of the lime residue, and the second plot was limed as maintenance at rate of 25% of lime applied in the 2009 experiment. Soybean (Anjasmoro Variety) was planted, with bassal fertilizer of 2,5 t chicken manure + 300 kg SP18 + 300 kg NPK + 50 kg urea + 50 kg KCl/ha. Soil tillage to a depth of 30 cm on the no limed plots had decreased the growth and grain yield of soybean compared to those of soil tillage to a depth of 15 cm. Liming at 15 and 30 cm to the uppermost soil layer in 2009 increased the growth and yield of soybean, however the yield was not yet optimum. In the 2010 experiment, soybean grew optimally, yielded 2.67 t and 2.71 t/ha for lime treatments of 15 and 30 cm soil depth, respectively. To obtain high yield of soybean in the acidic uplands, it is suggested to lime on to the uppermost 15 cm soil layer using rate of lime to decrease the exchangable Al to 20% in the first year, and applying an additional lime in the following year at 25% of the first year rate.

Evaluasi Rekomendasi Pemupukan Hara Spesifik Lokasi (PHSL) Padi Sawah di Jawa Timur suyamto, suyamto; Saeri, M.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 2, No 1 (2018): April 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Site Spesific Nutrient Management/SSNM (Pemupukan Hara Spesifik Lokasi/PHSL)Â recommendation for rice can be obtained from the website of Indonesian Rice Consultation Service (http:/webapps.irri.org>lkp). This program was developed by International Rice Research Institutes (IRRI) in collaboration with Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development (IAARD). The objective of this study is to evaluate the PHSL recommendation forÂ rice through adaptive research approach. This research was conducted in two sites (Ngawi and Jember) during the dry season (April to July) 2014. Three fertilizer recommendations ware evaluated : (i) PHSL recommendation for hybrid rice (Mapan P05 variety), (ii) PHSL recommendation for inbred rice (Ciherang variety) and (iii) fertilizers practiced by farmer for inbred rice (Ciherang variety). PHSL recommendation whichÂ assessed from the website with the yield target of 8 t/ha for Ngawi was 200 kg/ha Phonska applied at 0-14 days after transplanting, 125 kg Urea/ha applied at 24-28 days after transplanting and 200 kg Urea/ha applied at 38-42 days after transplanting. For Jember, rate of Phonska was higher (250 kg/ha) while rate of Urea wasÂ same with Ngawi. The three fertilizer recommendations were applied by each farmer with 10 cooperator farmers as replications. The observations included soil analysis before conducting the research, fertilizers used by cooperator farmers, yield of rice and benefit analysis. Fertilizer used by 10 farmers in Ngawi showed : (i) 7 farmers applied fertilizers two times and only 3 farmers applied three times, (ii) all farmersÂ used organic fertilizer from 220 to 940 kg/ha, (iii) all farmers used Phonska fertilizer and applied two times, (iv) total of fertilizers applied ranged from 700 to 1,000 kg/ha. While total fertilizers of PHSL recommendation was only 475 kg/ha. The similar observations were observed in Jember, but all farmers applied fertilizers two times. Research results showed that compared to farmerâ€™s practice, PHSL recommendation saved 26.83 kg N/ha, 55.23 kg P2O5/ha and 36.05 kg K2O/ha in Ngawi. In Jember, PHSL recommendation did not save N but saved 34.2 kg/ha P2O5 and 16.6 kg K2O/ha. Yield of inbred rice with PHSL recommendation was not different, however, yield of hybrid riceÂ was higher to that of farmerâ€™s practice. It can be concluded that PHSL recommendationÂ save fertilizers with no yield decrease for inbred rice, or even, increased yield ofÂ hybrid riceÂ Itâ€™s means PHSL recommendation increase fertilizer-used efficiency and rice farming benefit.

Galur Harapan Padi Rawa Toleran Rendaman Hermanasari, Rini; Supartopo, Supartopo; Hairmansis, Aris; Yullianida, Yullianida; Kustianto, Bambang
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 2 (2011): Agustus 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

The availability of high yielding rice varieties tolerant to water submergence at swamp lowland are limited. The study was aimed to determine tolerances of 6 promising lines of swampy rice to submergence. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse of the Muara Experiment Station, Bogor, West Java, arranged in a factorial randomized complete block design with four replications. The first factor consisted of 6 promising swampy rice lines and 4 check rice varieties (IR64-Sub1, Swarna-Sub1, IR42, and Batanghari). The second factors consisted of three periods of rice seedlings submergence, i.e., at 6 days (R1), 10 days (R2), and 14 days (R3). The experiment was carried out in accordance with the standard methods. Results of the experiment indicated that the lines tested showed different responses to the submergence, for all observed variables (plant height before submergence, plant height after submergence, and the number of survive plants). Effects of submergences and interaction between submergences and rice genotypes was significant for the number of survive plants. Lines IR40931-1- 3-2 were tolerant to the 6 day submergence and could be considered to be developed into high yielding rice varieties tolerant to submergence as a backup or alternative varieties to IR64-Sub1.

Model Dinamik Vigor Daya Simpan Benih Kedelai pada Penyimpanan Terbuka Wahyuni, Ari; Suhartanto, M. R.; Qadir, Abdul
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 34, No 3 (2015): Desember 2015
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Soybean seed viability declines during seed storage. Soybean seed deteriorates rapidly, affected by its high protein content and often high humidity in the tropical environment. This research was aimed to develop dynamic model of soybean seed viability in an open storage. The study was conducted in three stages, namely: 1) desk study, 2) seed storage experiment, 3) development of seed storage model, simulation and verification of the model. The second stage of the experiment consisted of soybean seed storing and germination testing using completely randomized design. Treatments were three initial moisture content (7-8%, 9-10% and 11-12%) and four varieties of soybean (Anjasmoro, Wilis, Detam-1 and Detam-2). The results showed that the seed behaviour during storage period were affected by initial seed moisture content, initial viability, varieties and environmental condition. Therefore, seed moisture content, initial viability and varieties may be used as input model. Moisture content, integreting seed respiration, electric conductivity and seed storability vigor (VDSDB) were as model output. Simulation of Seed Storability Vigor Prediction Model with Model Construction Layer-Stella (MCLS) using relative humidity (RH), temperature, seed permeability, initial moisture content and initial viability as input model could logically predict the seed moisture content and seed storability vigor (VDSDB).

Kendali Ketahanan Genetik Padi terhadap Penyakit Tungro Muliadi, Ahmad; Nasrullah, Nasrullah; Sumardiyono, Y. B.; Trisyono, Y. Andi
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 33, No 2 (2014): Agustus 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Genetic study of resistant to rice tungro disease was carried out in Indonesian Agricultural Biotechnology and Plant Genetic Resources Institute, Bogor. TN1 rice variety was used as susceptible parent and OBSTG02-124 line as resistant parent. Cross combinations between resistant vs susceptible parents obtained 6 crosses. The study materials consisted of 55 plants of susceptible parent (P1) and 35 plants of resistant parents (P2), 70 F1 plants, 70 F1R plants, 100 BC1-1 plants, 100-BC1-2 plants, and 300 F2 plants. The probable maternal effect was identified by comparing resistant to tungro disease of F1 plants vs. the F1 of their reciprocal crosses, using the t-test. Each population was planted in pot containing 5 kg of soil. Plants were inoculated at 7-10 days old with virus tungro isolate Subang, using 4-5 green leafhoppers for 5 hours. Visual symptoms were observed based on the Standard Evaluation System for Rice. ELISA test (non Precoated I-ELISA) was performed at 21 days after inoculation, using polyclonal antibodies RTSV (S) and the combined RTBV and RTSV (BS). The results showed that there was no maternal effect on the inheritance of tungro disease resistance. The resistant to tungro in OBSTG02-124 was controlled by two complementary recessive genes. The moderate heritability indicated that the environment play role in determining the degree of resistant to tungro desease.

Prospect of Using Bacterial Bio-formulation to Suppress Bacterial Leaf Blight of Rice: A Case Study in Cianjur, West Java Suryadi, Y.; Susilowati, D. N.; Priyatno, T. P.; Samudra, I. M.; Kadir, T. S.; Mubarik, N. R.
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 32, No 2 (2013): Agustus 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) is a major disease of rice in Indonesia which remains difficult to be controled. A number of bacterial isolates had been collected and screened for their ability to antagonize Xoo disease. Six isolates with the highest antagonistic potential and wide spectrum were chosen for studies based on their ability to control the disease. Bio-formulations consisted of single or mixtures (consortium) of the bacterial antagonists were formulated and tested for their effectiveness to control BLB under field trials in Cianjur, West Java. Efficacy of the bio-formulations against the disease on different rice cultivars varied significantly with HDB reductions ranging from 10.5% to 29.4% among the cultivars tested in the WS 2010/2011. The mixture of A6 + A8-bentonite showed a good ability to reduce BB infestation by up to 25%. Performance of the A6+A8-bentonite formulation also exceeded those of the individual isolate formulations, such as Burkholderia spp. E76-bentonite and S. marcescens SKM-kaolin. Application of the bacterial mixture formulation did not affect significantly on rice plant height, number of tillers, and weight of 1000 grains, but increased grain yield up to 8%. This study showed that the advantages of single or mixed cultures were apparent and further evaluation for application of bio-formulation need to be done under more intensive field conditions.

Komponen Hasil dan Karakter Morfologi Penentu Hasil Kedelai pada Lahan Sawah Tadah Hujan Hakim, Lukman
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 1, No 1 (2017): April 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Yield component and morphological characters determining grain yield of soybean on rainfed land after rice cultivation. Twelve soybean varieties were evaluated on rainfed wetland after rice in Grobogan, Central Java, during the late dry season of 2014. The experiment was arranged in randomized block design with four replications. Each of the genotype was grown in five rows of four and half meters long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 15 cm, each hill contained two plants. Result showed that among the yield components, number of pods per plant, seed size and harvest index were positively correlated with grain yield (r = 0.530; 0.376 and 0.608). The direct effect of pods per plant (x5), seed size (x6) and harvest index (x8) to grain yield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest (x5 = 0.813, x6 = 0.540, x8 = 0.901), while the effect of other yield components were small or negative. Based on both analyses, soybean genotypes with high grain yield should have high number of pods per plant (>40 pods), large seed size (>15 g/100 seeds) and high harvesting index (>50%). Therefore, pods per plant, seed size and harvesting index can be used as selection criteria on rainfed wetland after rice in the late dry season. Although the direct effect of days maturity to grain yield was small, but early maturing varieties should be consider to be used as selection criteria, because on rainfed wetland during the late dry season soil moisture often is uncertain. Therefore, early maturing varieties can be more useful under this condition to minimized yield losses due to drought stress.

Karakter Agronomi dan Hasil Galur Padi Toleran Rendaman Hairmansis, Aris; Supartopo, Supartopo; Kustianto, Bambang; Pane, Hamdan
Jurnal Penelitian Pertanian Tanaman Pangan Vol 30, No 1 (2011): April 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Tanaman Pangan

Use of submergence tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivar for planting is an important adaptation strategy to reduce yield losses in flood prone rice areas. The aim of this study was to investigate the agronomic characteristics of submergence tolerant rice lines in a controlled environment. Six submergence tolerant rice lines carrying gene Sub1 and their respective susceptible parents were evaluated. Rice cultivars Inpara 3 (tolerance) and IR42 (susceptible) were used as control. All rice genotypes were grown in replicated plots under two different environments, i.e., normal irrigation and 10 days complete submergence at vegetative plant stage. Results showed significant variations among rice genotypes for agronomic characteristics under the two different environments. Under the submergence condition, tolerant rice lines produced higher yields than did their parents, while under normal irrigation they performed comparably to their parents. Three tolerant lines, i.e., BR11-Sub1, Swarna-Sub1, and TDK1-Sub1 produced 5.76, 5.74, and 5.68 t/ha grain yield, respectively, under complete submergence for 10 days. These lines were considered as tolerant to submergence, and need to be tested further in a multi-location yield trial, in the targeted environments.

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