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Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia

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Published by Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia

ISSN : 08532788 EISSN : 25277669 DOI : -

Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry Materials Science & Nanotechnology

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Articles 283 Documents

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SINTESIS XANTON DARI ASAM 2-PHENOXYBENZOIC ACID SEBAGAI BAHAN DASAR OBAT MALARIA BARU Amanatie Amanatie; Jumina Jumina; Mustofa Mustofa; M. Hanafi
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 15, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Synthesis of xanthone was conducted from the raw material of 2-phenoxybenzoic acid through acid-catalyzed-cyclization. The product was characterized using UV- Vis, 1 13 d FT-IR, H-NMR, C-NMR, an LC-MS Cyclization of 2-phenoxybenzoic acid using sulfuric acid catalyt gave xanthone in 86.11 % yield. These compounds as the basis of new malaria drugs.Keywords 2-phenoxybenzoic acid, Synthesis, Xanthone, Characterized.

SINTESIS DAN KARAKTERISASI SELULOSA BAKTERI-SITRATKITOSAN SEBAGAI PEMBALUT LUKA ANTIMIKROBA Farah Nurlidar; Lely Hardiningsih; Darmawan Darwis
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 15, No 2 (2013)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Bacterial cellulose, produced by Acetobacter xylinum, is an interesting material for using as a wound dressing since it provides moist environment to a wound resulting in a better wound healing. However, bacterial cellulose (BC) itself has no antibacterial activity to prevent wound infection. To achieve antibacterial activity, chitosan were impregnated into bacterial cellulose by cross linking reaction using citric acid as cross linker. The thickness, water and saline absorption capacity, water vapour transmission rate (WVTR), mechanical properties and antibacterial activity of composite were investigated. The result show an important increase in absorption capacity when BC was treated with citric acid and chitosan and the maximum value was reached at 21.5 gig in DM water and 8.2 gig in salinesolution}. The WVTR analysis of all the test membranes was found to be less than WVTR value of control without sample. The result also showed that bacterial cellulose-citrate-chitosan (BC-AST) exhibited antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. typhi, P. aeruginosa and S. aureusKeywords: Antibacterial, bacterial cellulose, citric acid, chitosan, wounddressing.

SINTESIS POLI (GLIKOLIDA-CO-LAKTIDA) DAN UJI BIODEGRADABILITASNYA Rofiq Sunaryanto; Hardaning Pranamuda
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 17, No 2 (2015)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Polylactide and polyglycolide are important aliphatic polyester consist of lactide and glycolide repeats unit. It is considered as green polymer due to it is produced from renewable agricultural resources. The development of biodegradable plastics based on agricultural resources is still important to be done. Copolymerization of glycolide with D-lactide, L-lactide, and DL-lactide using a Sn(Oct)2 as catalyst had been carried out. Polymerization was conducted by ring-opening of lactide and glycolide without the solvents but melting polymerization. Polymerization were conducted at 130 Â°C for 130 hours. Result of this study showed that polymerization of glycolide with D-lactide produce polymers with an average molecular weight of 8.2x103 and a yield of 72 %. Polymerization of glycolide with L-lactide produce polymer with an average molecular weight of 2.8x103 and a yield of 36 %. Polymerization glycolide with DL-lactide produce polymer with an average molecular weight of 2.5x103 with a 48 % yield. The burial test for 28 days showed poly (glycolide-co-Llaktida) degraded faster than other polymers, namely degraded 32 %. While poly (glycolide-co-DL-lactide) and poly (glycolide-co-D-lactide) showed similar degradation that is equal to 20 %. Compared with PHB (polyhydroxybutyrate), poly (glycolide-co-lactide) degraded more slowly.Keywords: Glycolide, lactide, copolymerization, biodegradable plastic

ANALISIS, IDENTIFIKASI PRECURSOR DAN HASIL DEGRADASI SENYAWA SENJATA KIMIA MENGGUNAKAN TEKNIK GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY MASS SPECTROMETRYâ€“ ELECTRON IONISASI (GCMS-EI) Evita Boes
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 16, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Telah dilakukan analisis, identifikasi precursor dan hasil degradasi senyawa senjata kimiaÂ diethyl methylphosphonat (DEMP), methyl phosphonic acid (MPA) dalam sampel air danÂ dimethyl methyl phosphonat (DMMP), ethyl phosphonic acid (EPA) dalam sampel tanah. Contoh yang dianalisa merupakan contoh senyawa tributilphosphatÂ (TBP)Â 40 ug/mL dan poliethilene glycolÂ 56,24 ug/mL ditambahkan sebagai background dan sampel tanah kering yang berpasir. Identifikasi dilakukan denganÂ metodeÂ kromatografi gas spektrometri massa - elektron ionisani (GCMS-EI). Ekstraksi fasa organikÂ pada pH netral, sililasi dari fasa air yang diuapkan,Â di mana triethylamine/methanol-sililasi danÂ kation exchange-sililasi digunakan untuk ekstraksi senyawa - senyawa precursor dan hasil degradasi sebelum diinjeksikan ke GCMS. Dari hasil analisis diperolehÂ waktu retensiÂ 8,9 dan 10,97Â menitÂ masing - masing untukÂ diethyl methylphosphonat dan bis(trimethylsilyl) methylphosphonate dalam sampel air sedangkan dalam sampel tanahÂ 6,62 dan 12,06 menit untuk dimethyl methylphosphonatÂ dan bis(trimethylsilyl) ethylphosphonate. Total Ion Chromatography (TIC) yang dihasilkan dari GCMS dievaluasi dengan menggunakanÂ Â Â Library Data Base NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), dan AMDIS (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System). Spektrum yang dihasilkan memberikan nilai base peak pada m/z = 97Â untukÂ diethyl methylphosphonate , m/z = 225 untukÂ bis(trimethylsilyl) methylphosphonate, m/z = 94 untukdimethyl methylphosphonate dan m/z = 239 untuk bis(trimethylsilyl) ethylphosphonate sedangkanÂ retention index (RI) yang dihitung digunakan untukÂ mengonfirmasi masing-masing senyawa precursorKata kunci : precursor, degradsi senyawa senjata kimia, base peak , waktu retensi,Â Total Ion KromatografiAnalysis, precursoridentification have been done andÂ degradation compoundsof chemical weapon diethyl methylphosphonat , methyl phosphonic acid in water matrices, dimethyl methylphosphonat and ethyl phosphonic acidin soil samples. Water used for extracting thoseÂ compounds was an example of simulation that contain tributilphosphatÂ (TBP)Â 40 ug/mL and poliethylene glycolÂ 56,24 ug/mL which added as a background andÂ dry sandy soil samples. Identification was doneÂ by using Gas Chromatographic Mass Spectrometry â€“ Electron Ionization (GCMS-EI) method. Neutral organic extraction, evaporated water - silylation, triethylamine/methanol-silylation and cation exchanged-silylation were performed to extract the precursorâ€™s compounds from the samples, before being analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry .The result of the analysis byÂ Gas ChromatographicÂ Mass SpectrometryÂ method showed that the retention time (in min) was 8,9 and 10,97 for diethyl methylphosphonat and bis(trimethylsilyl) methylphosphonate in the water sample , while the retention time in soil sample was 6,62 andÂ 12,06 for dimethyl methylphosphonat and bis(trimethylsilyl) ethylphosphonate . The result of Total Ion Chromatography (TIC) from GCMS was evaluated using NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) database library and AMDIS (Automated Mass Spectral Deconvolution and Identification System). The spectrumâ€™s result gave the value of base peak, which are m/z = 97for diethyl methylphosphonat, m/z= 225 for bis(trimethylsilyl) methylphosphonate , m/z = 94 for dimethyl methylphosphonat and m/z = 239 for bis(trimethylsilyl) ethylphosphonate. On the other hand, the retention indice (RI) calculation was used to get the confirmation of each compounds of precursors. Key word : precursor, degradation of chemical weapon,Â base peak, retention time, totalion chromatography.

The Renewability Indicator and Cumulative Degree of Perfection for Gamboeng Tea; Part.2, Exergy Calculation of Tea Factory Teuku Beuna Bardant; Muthia Syafika Haq; Arief Ameir Rahman Setiawan; Sugeng Harianto; Joko Waluyo; Adhi Irianto Mastur; Annisa Dieni Lestari; Anny Sulaswatty; Sujarwo Sujarwo; Nino Rinaldi; Edi Iswanto Wiloso
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Renewability Indicator (RI) and Cumulative Degree of Perfection (CDP) were used to observe sustainability of Gamboeng Tea. The assessment then compared with black tea process in Black Sea Region in Turkey from the previous study. Calculation of exergy for Gamboeng fresh tea leaf had already described in Part.1. Since the main process for both production was drying, then tropical humid climate in Gamboeng is the main challenge to increase efficiency, and thus, renewability. This second part described the significant improvement of renewability had applied in Gamboeng by using wood pellet in rotary pannier. Further recommended improvement were by installing better humidity detector and connected to the process control so the process can adapt the ambient change which the relative humidity can be varied from 65% and up to 92%.

Antibacterial and Antioxidant activities of Indonesian ginger (jahe emprit) essential oil extracted by hydrodistillation Nurul Azizah; Euis Filaila; Salahuddin Salahuddin; Egi Agustian; Anny Sulaswatty; Nina Artanti
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The rhizome of ginger is commonly used as a spice, food, beverage as well as medicine. Plant essential oils including from ginger have been widely used for food preservation, pharmaceutical and alternative medicines.Â Currently there are growing interest of consumer for natural sources such as essential oils for natural antibacterial and antioxidant.Â Jahe emprit (Zingiber officinale var. Amarum) is one of Indonesian ginger variety used to obtain ginger essential oil. The objective of current study was to investigate the effect of solvent to feed (SF) ratio in hydrodistillation process on yield, chemicals content, antibacterial and antioxidant activities of ginger essential oils from jahe emprit.Â SF ratio used in this study is 0.7: 1, 1.7: 1, 2.7: 1.Â Chemicals content was conducted using GCMS analysis.Â Antibacterial assay was conducted using disc diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.Â Antioxidant assay was conducted using DPPH free radical scavenging assay.Â The results show that the highest essential oil yield was obtained from SF ratio 1.7:1 which gave yield of 3.7%.Â GCMS analysis shows that camphene was always the major compound present in those 3 SF ratio, although the amount present was differed.Â Besides, 4 other major compounds present were varied.Â Antibacterial assay using 1% concentration showed ginger oil obtained from SF 0.7:1 and 2.7:1 have the same activities for S. aureus, whereas SF ratio 1.7:1 has the lowest activities.Â However for E. coli, all SF ratio gave same results.Â For antioxidant activities at 1000 ppm concentration, the highest activity was obtained from SF ratio 2.7:1

Mechanical and Barrier Properties of PVP-Carbon Dot Nanocomposite Films Ahmad Sjahriza; Zainal Alim Masâ€™ud; Komar Sutirah
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

This research reported carbon dot were synthesized form citric acid and urea through a single step microwave process and Poly Vinyl Pirrolidone (PVP) films composited by carbon dot were prepared. The effects of different composition carbon dotsÂ on mechanical strength of films and water vapour barrier were evaluated. Highest mechanical yielded composite film were analyzed their thermal stability. Average of carbon dot diameter was found 90.61 nm and polydispersity indice 0.396. Different composition carbon dot exhibit significant improvement in tensile strength and modulus. Water permeablity of films varieate with content of carbon dot. The presence of carbon dot had a negligible effect on Tg of film and show melting process.

The Synthesis of Quinidine Salicylate Ester Compound Intan Nurjaya; Muhammad Hanafi; Puspa D.N Lotulung; Teni Ernawati; Sri Mursiti
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Quinidine a compound isolated from quinine plants, one of the species of quinine plants is (Chincona ledgereriana) From PT SIL Lembang. The purpose of this study was obtain quinidine salicylate ester through esterification reaction. In this study, the synthesis of quinidine ester compound by esterification reaction was conducted. Esterification reaction was conducted by using DCC activator and DMAP catalyst with one carboxylic acid namely salicylate acid producing new compound namely quinidine salicylate, Subsequent Quinidine salicylate was obtained in the form of oil with 97% yield. The compound obtained from the synthesis was then identified using Thin Layer Chromatography continue analyzed using with Spectrophotometer, LC-ESI-MS spectroscopy. Results show that the target compound has been successfully synthesized.

Esterification of Waste Cooking Oil Using Ultrasonic: Kinetic Study Egi Agustian; Jessica Jessica; Pudji Untoro; Anny Sulaswatty
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

Waste cooking oil (WCO) have a great potential as an alternative raw material for producing biodiesel. The literatures kinetic of the esterification of WCO in the presence of phosphoric acid catalyst with ultrasonic assisted are rare and most literatures used conventional method. This study aims to determine the optimum condition and the parameters of first and second order kinetics of the WCO esterification which was assisted by ultrasonic bath. Variables that used in this study are methanol/oil mole ratio, acid catalyst concentration and reaction temperature. The highest conversion was 42.08% with methanol/oil mole ratio of 15:1, a catalyst (phosphoric acid) concentration of 9% wt and temperature of 50oC within 90 minutes. The reaction time was reduced to 3 times (minute) compare to conventional method and fatty acid reduced 42%. Kinetic parameters were calculated with assumption that the esterification was the irreversible reaction. The reaction rate constant increasing with temperature. The value of activation energy for esterification of WCO is 42.94 kJ/mol for first order reaction and 35.30 kJ/mol for second order reaction.

Management of Technology Transfer in the Traditional Tempeh and Tofu Industries Ign. Suharto; YIP Arry Miryanti; Lita Wijaya
Jurnal Kimia Terapan Indonesia Vol 20, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Research Center for Chemistry - LIPI

The objective is to study the screening of Rhizopus sp inoculum, the utilization of this inoculum for a solid substrate soybean fermentation, to study the trial run of peeling machine and a fluidized bed reactor for the separation of soybean skin and soybean meat, to compare a manual cotton cloth bag filter and a manual rotary filter to separate soybean slurry, to run vertical technology transfer of a manual rotary filter into small scale tofu industry according to hygiene control and education skill training . The benefit of this research is to create a new business and to absorb manpower. The method used is a preparation of Rhizopus sp inoculum for fermentation. Trial run of the peeling machine and three phase fluidized bed reactor for the production of cleaned soybean. Cleaned soybeans are delivered to the production of a cake like fermented soybean , soy milk and tofu. Vertical transfer of technology of a manual rotary filter based on technometric approaches to soy milk and tofu industries. Education skill training was attended by 60 participants. The research results can be shown that the utilization of Rhizopus oligoporus and Rhizopus oryzae inoculum for soybean fermentation into a cake like fermented soybean can be accepted by the 60 panelists and local market. The trial run of peeling machine has a capacity of 30 kg per hour, the trial of three phase fluidized bed reactor can produce cleaned soybean after the total weight of soybean skin of about 35% from the total feed. Technology transfer of a manual rotary filter to the small scale of tofu industries can increase an efficiency of 66.37% for 25 minutes is better than a manual a cotton cloth bag filter with an efficiency of 62.62% for 36 minutes in tofu industry according to the hygiene control. This manual rotary filter can be scale-up into a larger scale. Education skill training was attended by 60 participants of a low income group people in rural areas in order to show how of the know how to do something better according to the hygiene control.

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