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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 25 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol 25, No 2 (2025)" : 25 Documents clear
Metal Oxide for Fast Adsorption System in the Methylene Blue Removal Ulfa, Maria; Oktaviani, Sukmaningrum Latifah; Mulyani, Bakti; Sholeha, Novia Amalia
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.92617

Abstract

Rapid adsorption systems utilizing metal oxide-based materials represent a promising technology to address adsorption challenges, particularly for the effective removal of methylene blue (MB). These systems enhance the continuous MB elimination process by leveraging metal oxide (MO)-based adsorbents with high accessibility and optimized adsorption conditions. The preparation process involves selecting metal oxides with high surface area and strong adsorbate affinity, ensuring efficient interaction with MB. Process parameters such as adsorbent dosage, contact time, temperature, pH, initial concentration, waste volume, and pressure are modified to develop a rapid and sustainable system for MB removal. This configuration enables efficient application in water treatment, achieving faster and more effective MB degradation. Moreover, the scalability of MO-based adsorbents ensures low-cost production and broad applicability, further supporting sustainable waste management. This review critically evaluates experimental findings from various studies on MO-based materials in rapid adsorption systems, highlighting their potential for large-scale implementation in wastewater treatment to mitigate environmental pollution.
Characterization of Zn-Doped MgTiO3 Powders Synthesized by Dissolved Metals Mixing Method Musyarofah, Musyarofah; Tanaka, Isao; Mohamed, Zakiah; Poo-arporn, Yingyot; Ernawati, Lusi; Yudoyono, Gatut; Prayitno, Budi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.95879

Abstract

Zn-doped magnesium titanate powders with different Zn compositions, x = 0 to 1, were synthesized using the dissolved metals mixing method. The roles of calcination temperature and dopant Zn composition on powder morphology, phase composition, crystallite size, crystalline cell volume, and local environment were investigated through scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation, Rietveld analysis of powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) for Ti K-edge X-ray absorption near edge structures (XANES). We found that the geikielite solid solutions were formed during the pre-calcination at 400 °C for 1 h. Results show spherical particles (~1 µm) with minimal size variation across calcination temperatures (600–800 °C) and Zn compositions, though some agglomeration occurs. After calcination at 600 °C for 4 h, the crystalline cell volume of geikielite was proportional to the Zn composition, implying the formation of the solid solution in the range of Zn composition up to the level close to x = 1. This successful synthesis of the Zn-doped magnesium titanate nanocrystals at temperatures much lower than those required by the solid-state reaction method was thereby well demonstrated.
Enhanced UV Resistance of Poly(methyl methacrylate) Through Schiff Base and Metal Oxide Nanoparticle Incorporation Hussein, Ahmed; Yousif, Emad; Rasheed, Malath; Ahmed, Dina; Bufaroosha, Muna; Kadhom, Mohammed
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.97173

Abstract

In this work, a novel poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) material was prepared by incorporating Schiff base and metal oxide nanoparticles (NPs). Hence, different polymer derivatives were produced, and their resistance to light degradation was improved. PMMA was subjected to chemical modification, first by reacting PMMA with an excess of ethylene diamine to reduce the occurrence of cross-linking. Second, it underwent a reaction with the amino group of 4-methoxybenzaldehyde to produce Schiff base molecules. These molecules were subsequently infused with various metal oxide NPs, namely: TiO2, CuO, Cr2O3, Co2O3, and NiO to work as photostabilizers and prepare modified PMMA films. The synthesized polymers were analyzed using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and NMR spectroscopy to confirm their structures and determine the extent of structural alterations. FTIR and weight loss measurements assessed modified PMMA's UV stabilization. The effectiveness of functional groups was assessed by monitoring their growth. Additional analyses were done included atomic force microscopy (AFM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and microscopic imaging. Unmodified PMMA performed worse than Schiff base polymers. The modified PMMA photodegraded less than the blank films after 300 h of UV exposure. The unit's strong internal conjugation absorbs UV light, which improves performance.
Development of Graphene Oxide-Based Antibacterial Agents via ZnO/Eugenol Modification: Experimental and Computational Analysis Triatmaja, Karisma; Kunarti, Eko Sri; Suyanta, Suyanta; Widiakongko, Priyagung Dhemi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.97866

Abstract

The development of new antibacterial agents is proposed to solve the problem of drug-resistant bacterial strains caused by antibiotic misuse. The aim of this study was to improve the antibacterial activity by modifying graphene oxide (GO) using ZnO/eugenol and analyzing the interaction computationally. The study was started with GO synthesis using the modified Hummer method, followed by the dispersion of ZnO/eugenol through the mechanochemical method to GO to form GO/ZnO/eugenol composite. The composite was characterized using XRD, FTIR, UV-vis, SEM, and TEM. Results showed that the sonochemical method successfully prepared the GO/ZnO/eugenol composite. This material has better antibacterial E. coli activity than GO, with an inhibition zone of 11.5 mm in diameter, while pure GO showed no inhibition zone. MIC test presented that GO/ZnO/eugenol composite with 25 mg/mL suspension effectively prevented bacterial colony growth, while GO could only inhibit with 50 mg/mL suspension. Additionally, computational analysis through molecular docking suggested that the GO/ZnO/eugenol mechanism of action involves interference with DNA replication by hydrogenously interacting with the active site of DNA gyrase of E. coli bacteria. These findings highlight the potential of GO/ZnO/eugenol as a promising antibacterial agent for combating drug-resistant bacterial strains.
Ponceau S Dye Removal Using UV/Chlorine Process: Affecting Factors, COD Removal and Comparison with UV/H2O2 and UV/Persulfate Systems Chatib, Baylassane; Laftani, Yasmine; Boussaoud, Abdelghani; Hachkar, Mohsine
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.98293

Abstract

The purpose of this work was to examine the degradation of Ponceau S (PS) using the UV/chlorine process under various operating parameters. The temporal evolution of the conductivity and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) of the reaction medium were also investigated. The degradation efficiency of PS by UV/chlorine process was compared to other advanced oxidation processes, such as UV/S2O82− and UV/H2O2 processes. All reaction kinetics exhibited pseudo-first-order kinetics with respect to PS dye and their apparent rate constants were: kapp(UV/H2O2) = 0.0519 min−1 < kapp(UV/S2O82−) = 0.0746 min−1 < kapp(UV/chlorine) = 0.283 min−1. The action of solar irradiation on the PS degradation was appreciably effective. At pH = 4.22 and when [chlorine] = 0.2 mM, PS degradation using UV/chlorine process yielded more than 70% in only 10 min of dye degradation. The presence of inorganic anions showed an inhibition effect on decolorization kinetics for carbonate species compared to that observed for sulfates. The high COD removal efficiency was obtained for UV/persulfate process (73%) in comparison with that obtained for other AOPs.
Using Alkylammonium Salt to Enhance the Adsorption Potential for Ca-Montmorillonite Clay to Remove Color Effluent from Wastewater AL-Mammar, Dunya Edan; Salim, Rasha Tariq; AL-Shammari, Noor Hussein
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.98468

Abstract

Ca-montmorillonite raw clay (Ca-M) was modified using two different alkylammonium salts, tetramethylammonium iodide (MT) clay, tetrabutylammonium iodide (BT) clay, and used as an adsorbent to remove Biebrich scarlet (BS) dye from wastewater in batch mode. Clay samples were analyzed using an atomic force microscope (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The effects of operating parameters affecting the adsorption of BS dye onto clay samples were studied, such as clay weight, adsorption period, initial BS concentration, temperature, and pH. The experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models; the obtained values of correlation coefficient R2 showed that the adsorption followed the Freundlich isotherm model. Thermodynamic data reveal that the adsorption of BS dye onto BT and MT clay samples is exothermic and occurs spontaneously with a decrease in disorder. In contrast, the adsorption of this dye onto raw clay is endothermic and occurs spontaneously with an increase in disorder. The lower values of enthalpy change refer to the adsorption process as physisorption type. The results of kinetics analysis for the adsorption process showed that the pseudo-second-order model was more suitable to represent the adsorption process than the pseudo-first-order model. 
Evaluation of the Morphology and Malachite Green Absorption Capacity of Modified Electrospun Chitosan Nanofibers Nguyen, Hien Thi Thanh; Dang, Thao Thi Ngoc; Ha, Tan Minh; Nguyen, Nhi Tran Yen
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.98911

Abstract

This article studies the factors affecting the morphology of electrospun chitosan nanofibers modified with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and using formed nanofibers for malachite green (MG) adsorption. Chitosan concentrations of 2 and 3 wt.% combined with PVA, the nanofibers are formed with sizes under 75 nm, in contrast to the results of the chitosan solutions formed particles. This result is due to the interaction between the functional group of the polymers that increases entanglement. Machine operating and polymer solution parameters affect the nanofiber morphology. Combining the principal component analysis (PCA) method and physicochemical analysis showed that the factors of chitosan solution, such as concentration, viscosity, and conductivity, mainly influenced the fiber formation process. Besides, the initial test results of CTS 3 wt.%/PVA (1:1) nanofibers adsorbing MG at 10 mg/L concentration exhibited a high adsorption performance (more than 89%), and the amount of absorbed dye (35.83 mg/g) after 120 min at pH 6.8. The obtained results will be worth information for creating chitosan nanofibers by electrospinning the next time and evaluating the MG adsorption capacity of chitosan nanofibers in the presence of PVA.
Study on Zinc-binding Capacity of Featherback (Chitala ornata) Skin Hydrolysate Vo, Tam Dinh Le; Tran, Thinh Ngoc; Vo, Bao Chi; Ma, Hieu Trung; Tran, Hoa Gia; Nguyen, Son Manh; Hoang, Quyen Phuong; Nguyen, Van Thi Tuyet; Nguyen, Mai Thi Ngoc; Nguyen, Thao Huynh Ngoc; Pham, Vy Thuy; Cao, Khang Tran Gia; Pham, Cuong Viet
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.98948

Abstract

This study aims to valorize featherback (Chitala ornata) skin by-product by generating zinc-binding hydrolysate using Alcalase. Commencing with an effective assessment of hydrolysis conditions on the zinc-binding capacity (ZnBC), the hydrolysate gave the highest ZnBC. Subsequently, the hydrolysate was fractionated using ultrafiltration centrifugal devices, analyzed for its amino acid composition, and examined for the stability of its ZnBC against heat and pH. At the best hydrolysis condition, including the skin:water ratio of 1:4 (w/v), enzyme:substrate (E:S) ratio of 40 U/g protein, pH = 8, temperature of 50 °C, and hydrolysis time of 5 h, the gained hydrolysate exhibited the greatest ZnBC of 30.28 ± 0.83% (2.66 folds lower than that of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium salt (Na2EDTA)) and contained 8 essential amino acids (making 21.12% total amino acids). Besides, the hydrolysate’s ZnBC could retain above 66% after pH treatment in range 1–11 or thermal treatment at 100 °C for 180 min. The < 1 kDa fraction expressed the highest ZnBC of 38.48 ± 2.96%, 2.09 times lower than Na2EDTA. These findings indicate that hydrolysate and/or its peptide fractions derived from featherback skin could be a natural supplement, especially when producing functional food or nutraceuticals.
Extraction and Characterization of Phenolic Compounds from the Stem Bark of Sonneratia caseolaris (Lythraceae) and Their Potential Antibacterial Activity Harizon, Harizon; Kurnia, Dikdik; Sumiarsa, Dadan; Herlina, Tati; Sinaga, Siska Elisahbet; Shiono, Yoshihito; Azmi, Mohamad Nurul; Supratman, Unang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.98976

Abstract

The ethyl acetate fraction separated from the stembark of Sonneratia caseolaris retrieved three phenolic compounds, including quercetin-3-O-glucoside (1), quercetin (2), and 1-O-(2,4-dihydroxybenzoyl)-β-D-glucopyranose (3). For the first time, compounds 1 and 3 were discovered from Sonneratia genus. Data from various spectroscopic techniques, including mass spectroscopy and one- and two-dimensional NMR, were used to identify their chemical structures. Antibacterial activity has also been assessed for all compounds against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25175 and Streptococcus mutans ATCC 6538. Compounds 1–3 displayed varying levels of antibacterial activity against S. aureus and S. mutans. However, all compounds exhibited lower efficacy compared to the control, with their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 71.25 to greater than 100 µg/mL. This study provides a foundation for optimizing S. caseolaris phenolic compounds as antibacterial agents and highlights the need for comparative studies within the Sonneratia genus to identify potent bioactive candidates through structural modification or synergistic approaches.
The Effect of Ni/AC and Mo/AC Catalyst Arrangements on the Activity and Selectivity for Hydrotreating Palm Cooking Oil into Biojet Fuel Trisunaryanti, Wega; Wijaya, Karna; Saputro, Muhammad Darul Ikhsan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 2 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.99071

Abstract

This research was done to study the effect of the arrangement of nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo) metals impregnated with activated carbon on the activity and selectivity of the hydrodeoxygenation (HDO) of palm cooking oil into biojet fuel. The catalysts were synthesized by impregnating Ni and Mo metals by dry spray impregnation method with precursor salts nickel(II) nitrate hexahydrate (Ni(NO3)2·6H2O) and ammonium heptamolybdate tetrahydrate ((NH4)6Mo7O24·4H2O) solutions, respectively on the activated carbon. The catalysts were characterized using FTIR, XRD, SAA, SEM-EDX, and NH3-TPD instruments. The catalyst performance was tested using a semi-batch reactor with dual heaters in a one-pot system, atmospheric pressure, and a hydrogen gas flow rate of 20 mL min−1 for the palm cooking oil HDO reaction for 3 h. The obtained liquid products were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The best catalyst arrangement was the Ni/AC catalyst in a double-layer arrangement, which had 6.25 wt.% metal content, and a surface area of 803.89 m2 g−1 which resulted in 24.75 wt.% yield with 86.93% (fraction 1) and 87.48% (fraction 2) selectivity. This research concluded that catalyst layer arrangement affects the catalytic activity and selectivity in the HDO of palm cooking oil.

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