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Indonesian Journal of Chemistry

ijc
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Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada

ISSN : 14119420 EISSN : 24601578 DOI : -

Core Subject : Science, Engineering,

Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry

Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).

Arjuna Subject : -

Articles 1,956 Documents

110 111 112 113 114

Preparation of Pt-Zeolite Catalyst for Conversion of n-Octanol I Made Sadiana; Iip Izul Falah; Triyono Triyono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Pt-zeolite catalyst has been prepared by immersing a sample of zeolite in PtCl4 solution. After separation, the sample was dried and calcinated at 550 °C for 4 hours under nitrogen stream. Furthermore, the sample was oxidized with oxygen gas at 350 °C for 2 hours and reduced with hydrogen gas at 400 °C for 2 hours. Total amount of impregnated metal, acidity and surface are of the samples were determined by using atomic absorption spectrophotometric, gravimetric and gas sorption methods, respectively. The activity test was done in a fixed bed reactor and the results of the reaction were analyzed by using gas chromatograph. The result of the characterization showed that the higher total amount of impregnated metal, the lower the surface area and total volume of pores. The acidity and the catalyst activity increase with the increasing of the total amount of impregnated metal. The flow rate of feed and temperature reaction also influence yield conversion. The optimum yield of n-octanol conversion was obtained at 400 °C with the showest flow rate of n-octanol and flow rate of H2 gas was equal to 40 mL/minute.

Studies on Formation and Thermal Decomposition of Lead Hydride, PbH4 Narsito Narsito
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 1, No 2 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

In the present work, some fundamental aspects of the formation of gaseous lead hydride from aqueous solutions containing divalent lead ions (Pb2+) and its application in the atomic absorption spectrometric analysis lead has been investigated. By utilizing a peristaltic pump, an acidic solution of Pb2+ was first oxidized with ammonium peroxodisulphate, NH4S2O8, and followed by reduction with sodium tetrahydroborate, NaBH4. After a gas-liquid separation, the gaseous lead hydride produced was directly swept into an electrically heated open ended quartz tube, located at the light path of an atomic absorption spectrometer in order to have possibilities for specific atomic absorption spectroscopic measurements. The absorbance signals caused by lead atomic absorption could be used proportionally to estimate the density of atomic lead vapor produced in the thermal decomposition under investigation. Results showed that on-line pre-oxidation of the analyte is very important and crucial step in the gaseous hydride generation of lead, and no lead hydride was produced without the involvement of this step. Moreover, it was observed that the use of low major gas flows cannot be applied in quantitative atomic absorption spectrometric determination of lead by this technique. This condition may result in possible losses of the analyte atomic vapor due to metallic condensation.

The Intercalation of Copper into Active Carbon and Its Application as a Catalyst for n-Amylalcohol Dehydration Rusman Rusman; Iip Izul Falah; RHA. Sahirul Alim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 1, No 1 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

The intercalation of CuCl2 salts into active carbon and its activity as catalyst on dehydration of n-amylalcohol has been investigated. In this research, the intercalation was conducted by reacting CuCl2 powder with active carbon and Cl2 gas at 3 atm, temperature 575 °C, at various heating time. This process was then followed by the reduction in the flowing hydrogen gas. Characterization of intercalation product was conducted by gas sorption method to determine surface area, pore radius, and pore volume distribution, and atomic adsorption spectroscopy (AAS) was used to determine the content of Cu metal. The test of catalytic activity on dehydration reaction of n-amylalcohol, was carried out in a flow reactor system at various temperatures. The results showed that the surface area and total pore volume increase with the longer time of intercalation process, and followed by increasing Cu content on active carbon. It was showed further that catalyst with highest Cu content, and the largest of both of surface area and total pore volume gives the best performance.

Synthesis, Characterization and DFT Study of 4,4′-Oxydianiline Imines as Precursors of Tetrahalo-1,3-oxazepine-1,5-dione Abdullah Hussein Kshash; Mohammed Ghannam Mokhlef
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 2 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This work presents four Schiff bases derived from 4,4′-Oxydianiline, distinguished by the para substituted halogen of benzaldehyde. These bases were used to synthesize eight compounds of di-1,3-oxazepine by direct condensation with tetrachloro phthalic anhydride and tetrabromo phthalic anhydride. The reactions were monitored with TLC and all structures were characterized using spectroscopic techniques such as FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR and C, H, N techniques. On the other hand, a theoretical study by Density Functional Theory (DFT) for the electronic structures was intended to study the effects of para-substituted halogen of benzaldehyde on the electronic structure of synthesized Schiff bases by using the Gaussian program. Theoretical results indicate that there is no effect of halogen atoms except for bromine on HOMO and LUMO energies of the synthesized compounds.

Impregnation Nickel on Mesoporous ZSM-5 Templated Carbons as a Candidate Material for Hydrogen Storage Ratna Ediati; Amirul Mukminin; Nurul Widiastuti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

A series of carbon with ZSM-5 mesoporous (ZMC) and Ni/ZMC ZSM-5 templates were synthesized and gravimetrically known its adsorption capacity to H2 gases. ZMC carbon was synthesized using a hard template method at a carbonation temperature of 900 oC with sucrose as a source of carbon. A mesoporous ZSM-5 template was synthesized by using a hydrothermal method at an aging and crystallization temperature of respectively 60oC and 150oC for as long as 24 hours. The characterized result of ZMC carbon using XRD powder has shown a diffracted pattern of amorphous carbon. Impregnating Ni with ZMC carbon each resulted in 5%, 15% and 25% of weight, which in turn also resulted in a diffractogram pattern of Ni/ZMC-5, Ni/ZMC-15, and Ni/ZMC-25, where each patterns were uniform and had no additional peaks. The results of SEM-EDAX showed that Ni had been successfully impregnated on the surface of ZMC carbon with a random morphology surface of ZMC carbon. The isothermal results of adsorption – desorption of N2 showed that the larger the Ni loading on the supporting ZMC carbon, the smaller the surface area of the ZMC specific carbon. The distribution of the pore size that was counted by using the BJH method, which was applied to all the samples, was as big as 3,8 nm. The adsorption capacity of H2 was measured by using the gravimetry method at ambient temperature for Ni/ZMC-5, Ni/ZMC-15, and Ni/ZMC-25, which each gave a weight percentage of 0,331%; 0,663% and 0,649% respectively, whilst the ZMC carbon has a weight of 2,18%.

Investigation of Effect of Adding Hydrophobically Modified Water Soluble Polymers on the Structure and Viscosity of Anionic Vesicle Dispersion Marco Sandjaja; Maria Lucia Ardhani Dwi Lestari
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 17, No 1 (2017)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

This present study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding hydrophobically modified end-capped (HM) polymers with various polyethylene oxide (PEO) chain lengths on the structure and viscosity of anionic vesicles dispersion. A pronounced increase in viscosity was observed upon adding small amount of such polymers. Based on the dynamic light scattering (DLS) and small angle neutron scattering (SANS) analysis, 10 to 30 polymer molecules per vesicles can reach maximum viscosity and where polymer molecules can interconnect the vesicles without disrupting their structure. In addition, the kinetic stability of the vesicle dispersion also enhanced. From the measurement of the electrical conductivity of the dispersion, it was observed that the presence of the PEO and polypropylene oxide (PPO) group could induce the permeability of the vesicle membrane by altering their internal structure. Controlling viscosity of vesicles dispersion without changing its structure is useful for the further application of vesicles system such as in drug delivery, cosmetics and biomedical.

Analysis of Product and Temperature of Biogas Combustion in Various Air Biogas Equivalence Ratio and Methane Content Arini Wresta; Aep Saepudin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 18, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Biogas resulted from anaerobic digestion of organic compounds have various methane content depend on the type of the degraded material. The methane content of biogas is range between 40–80% that influence the heating value and combustion characteristic of that biogas. The higher methane content can be obtained through upgrading biogas by removing CO2 and other trace components like H2S, NH3, and water vapor. This research was a simulation of product composition and temperature of biogas combustion in various methane content and air biogas equivalence ratio. Biogas combustion was done in combustion chamber at constant pressure of 1 atm. Biogas and air enter into combustion chamber at temperature approximately of 30 °C as the common ambient temperature in Indonesia. The input air was designed higher than stoichiometric need in order to reach complete combustion. Combustion reaction between methane and O2 then carried out in the combustion chamber to produce CO2 and H2O. The product gases consisting of CO2, H2O, N2, and excess O2, bring heat from combustion reaction and exit from combustion chamber at the higher temperature. The analysis was done for methane content range between 20 and 100% with air biogas equivalence ratio from 1 until 3. The simulation result showed that for V m3 biogas, the combustion gases could reach 0.12271 until 1.26798V gmol with temperature above 700 °C until above 1900 °C. More than 50% component in the combustion gases is N2 as inert material from input air to combustion chamber.

Isolation and Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Flavonoid from Ficus variegate Blume Rolan Rusli; Bela Apriliana Ningsih; Agung Rahmadani; Lizma Febrina; Vina Maulidya; Jaka Fadraersada
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Ficus variegata Blume is specific plant of east Kalimantan. Flavonoid compound of Ficus variegata Blume was isolated by vacuum liquid and column chromatography, with previously extracted by maceration method using n-hexane and methanol, and fractination using ethyl acetate solvent. Eluent used in isolation were n-hexane:ethyl acetate (8:2). The results of elucidation structure by using spectroscopy methods (GC-MS, NMR, and FTIR) was obtained 5-Hidroxy-2-(4-methoxy-phenyl)-8,8-dymethyl-8H-pyrano[2,3-f] chromen-4-one. This compound has an antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

Development of C-Arylcalix[4]resorcinarenes and C-Arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarenes as Antioxidant and UV-B Protector Jumina Jumina; Dwi Siswanta; Abdul Karim Zulkarnain; Sugeng Triono; Priatmoko Priatmoko; Emmy Yuanita; Nela Fatmasari; Ikhsan Nursalim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Indonesia is rich with essential oils such as anise and clove leave oils. In respect to explore the potential utilization of these resources, it has been conducted the transformation of p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy benzaldehyde) respectively derived from anise oil and clove leaves oil to a series of C-arylcalix[4]resorcinarenes and C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene macrocycles. Treatment of these aldehydes with resorcinol in the presence of HCl in absolute ethanol at reflux for 8 h afforded C-4-hydroxyphenylcalix[4]resorcinarene (3a) and C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxy phenyl-calix[4]resorcinarene (3b) in good yields. When the aldehydes were treated with pyrogallol under the similar condition, the products were C-4-hydroxyphenyl calix[4]pyrogallolarene (3c) and C-4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene (3d) which were also obtained in excellent yields. Treatment of these calix[4]resorcinarenes and calix[4]pyrogallolarenes with cinnamoyl chloride and benzoyl chloride in pyridine afforded the corresponding cinnamate esters and benzoate esters in high yields. The resulted C-arylcalix-[4]resorcinarenes and C-arylcalix[4]pyrogallol arenes were subjected to antioxidant activity test using DPPH method and showed strong activity with IC50 values of 15–80 μg/mL. In terms of the synthesized calix cinnamates, the compounds showed UV-B absorption with SPF values of 15–30 at a concentration of 25 ppm which demonstrate their potential to be applied as a UV-B protector. Furthermore, these compounds were also tested for their photostability on the UV-B region and the results showed that the compounds were still unstable under irradiation for 30 min.

Removal of Hazardous Brilliant Cresyl Blue Dye Utilizing Aluminum Oxide as Photocatalyst Hazim Yahya Al-Gubury; Hajir S. Alteemi; Ali Malik Saad; Rafal R. Al-Shamary
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 19, No 2 (2019)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Photocatalytic degradation of brilliant cresyl blue stain has been done by irradiating the solution pigment with a solar light in presence of aluminum oxide. The effect of important reaction has included many parameters such as catalyst mass, the initial concentration of brilliant cresyl blue dye, the effect of temperature, and initial P has been investigated in a batch reactor. All experiments are determined by usage of UV-visible spectrophotometer analyzer. The optimal concentration of catalytic has observed at 0.17 g/100 cm3 while the typical concentration of stain was recorded at 50 mg/cm3. Photocatalytic break down of shining cresyl blue pigment was favorable in the Ph 10 and 8.44 mW/cm2 light intensity. This type of degradation of the present dye study has obeyed the pseudo-first-order reaction. Photocatalytic degradation of brilliant cresyl blue dye has studied by using various concentrations of aluminum oxide. This concentration was suspended in an aqueous solution of dye which has irradiated by solar radiation in a vessel reactor at room temperature with 10 cm3/min air bubble was passed through the solution.

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