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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
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Synthesis and Characterization of Sodium Silicate Produced from Corncobs as a Heterogeneous Catalyst in Biodiesel Production Alwi Gery Agustan Siregar; Renita Manurung; Taslim Taslim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.53057

Abstract

In this study, silica derived from corncobs impregnated with sodium hydroxide to obtain sodium silicate was calcined, prepared, and employed as a solid base catalyst for the conversion of oils to biodiesel. The catalyst was characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), and Brunauer-Emmet-Teller (BET) and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) methods. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) was used to characterize the biodiesel products. The optimum catalyst conditions were calcination temperature of 400 °C for 2 h, catalyst loading of 2%, and methanol: oil molar ratio of 12:1 at 60 °C for 60 min, that resulted in a yield of 79.49%. The final product conforms to the selected biodiesel fuel properties of European standard (EN14214) specifications. Calcined corncob-derived sodium silicate showed high potential for use as a low-cost, high-performance, simple-to-prepare solid catalyst for biodiesel synthesis.
Degradation of Methylene Blue Using Cadmium Sulfide Photoanode in Photofuel Cell System with Variation of Electrolytes Gunawan Gunawan; Abdul Haris; Didik Setiyo Widodo; Linda Suyati; Wilman Septina
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.53131

Abstract

Methylene blue degradation carried out using cadmium sulfide (CdS) photoanode in photofuel cell (PFC) had been done. CdS synthesized by chemical bath deposition (CBD) on the FTO substrate was used as anode and platinum as a cathode in photoelectrochemical studies. Characterization of CdS thin film was done using EDX, XRD, SEM, Raman, UV-Vis absorption spectrophotometer as well as photocurrent test of the CdS thin film under illumination using potentiostat with the three-electrode system. The EDX result indicated the presence of CdS with an elemental composition of Cd rich. XRD showed the appearance of CdS crystals in cubic and hexagonal formations. SEM image of CdS gave results in the form of crystals of less than 1 mm. Raman spectrum showed the appearance of CdS peaks. The bandgap of CdS was estimated to be 2.38 eV, and the photocurrent test confirmed that the film had a property of n-type semiconductor. Application of CdS thin film as a photoanode in the PFC system using 100 mg/L methylene blue solution showed degradation up to 48% for 2.5 h using a 4 cm2 photoanode, and the maximum potential of 0.8 V was obtained with a photoanode area of 1 cm2. 
Bismuth Oxide Prepared by Sol-Gel Method: Variation of Physicochemical Characteristics and Photocatalytic Activity Due to Difference in Calcination Temperature Yayuk Astuti; Brigita Maria Listyani; Linda Suyati; Adi Darmawan
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.53144

Abstract

Research on synthesis of bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) using sol-gel method with varying calcination temperatures at 500, 600, and 700 °C has been done. This study aims to determine the effect of calcination temperature on the characteristics of the obtained products which encompasses crystal structure, surface morphology, band-gap energy, and photocatalytic activity for the decolorization of methyl orange dyes through its kinetic study. Bismuth oxide prepared by sol-gel method was undertaken by dissolving Bi(NO3)3·5H2O and citric acid in HNO3. The mixture was stirred then heated at 100 °C. The gel formed was dried in the oven and then calcined at 500, 600, and 700 °C for 5 h. The obtained products were a pale yellow powder, indicating the formation of bismuth oxide. This is confirmed by the existence of Bi–O and Bi–O–Bi functional groups through FTIR analysis. All three products possess the same mixed crystal structures of α-Bi2O3 (monoclinic) and γ-Bi2O3 (body center cubic), but their morphologies and band gap values are different. The higher the calcination temperature, the larger the particle size and the smaller the band gap value. The accumulative differences in characteristics appoint SG700 to have the highest photocatalytic activity compared to SG600 and SG500 as indicated by its percent degradation value and decolorization rate constant.
Assessing the Effect of Weak and Strong Acids as Electrolytes in the Removal of Cesium by Soil Electrokinetic Remediation Rudy Syah Putra; Alfi Ihda Amalia; Naila Zahrotul Jannah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.53283

Abstract

The removal of cesium from artificially contaminated soil using electrokinetic remediation with nitric and acetic acid as electrolytes had been evaluated. In this study, uncontaminated soil was taken from four different sampling points (i.e., A, B, C, and D) in Kotagede, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. All samples were prepared as cesium contaminated soil (100 mg CsCl/kg soil), which have similar physicochemical characteristics with Fukushima soil, Japan. The electrokinetic remediation (EKR) was conducted using a graphite electrode in a constant voltage of 1.0 Vcm–1 for 7 days without electrolyte pH control, with 1.0 M nitric and acetic acid as electrolytes. The current profile during the EKR was recorded by a data logger for every 10 min. The remaining cesium in the soil was measured by a flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 852.1 nm. The results showed that the type of acid used in the experiments affected the removal of cesium. The highest cesium removal was achieved when nitric acid was used in the experiment and then followed by acetic acid. For all acids, the removal ability of cesium from soil was in the following order: soil C > soil A > soil D > soil B.
Leap Zagreb Connection Numbers for Some Networks Models Zahid Raza
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 20, No 6 (2020)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.53393

Abstract

The main object of this study is to determine the exact values of the topological indices which play a vital role in studying chemical information, structure properties like QSAR and QSPR. The first Zagreb index and second Zagreb index are among the most studied topological indices. We now consider analogous graph invariants, based on the second degrees of vertices, called leap Zagreb indices. We compute these indices for Tickysim SpiNNaker model, cyclic octahedral structure, Aztec diamond and extended Aztec diamond.
In Vitro and In Silico Studies of Quercetin and Daidzin as Selective Anticancer Agents Muhammad Sulaiman Zubair; Syariful Anam; Saipul Maulana; Muhammad Arba
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.53552

Abstract

Quercetin and daidzin are flavonoid and flavonoid glycoside type compounds that have been found in many plants and nutraceuticals. This study aims to examine the in vitro cytotoxic and selectivity properties of quercetin and daidzin on breast and cervical cancers and to study their molecular interaction and stability on epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK) by applying molecular docking and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. In vitro anticancer activity was performed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) method on breast cancer cell (T47D), cervical cancer cells (HeLa), and Vero normal cells, while molecular docking and MD simulation were done by using AutoDock Vina and Amber18 package software, respectively. Quercetin and daidzin showed potent cytotoxic and high selectivity on both cell lines. Daidzin was found to has a higher IC50 and selectivity index than quercetin. Docking and MD results showed that both compounds prefer to interact with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase (EGFR-TK). Daidzin showed better interaction than quercetin with a docking score of -9.6 kcal/mol. Also, daidzin was found more stable than quercetin with low RMSD and RMSF values.
Statistical Study on the Interaction Factors of Polypropylene-Graft-Maleic Anhydride (PP-g-MA) with Graphene Nanoplatelet (GNP) at Various Poly(Lactic Acid)/Polypropylene (PLA/PP) Blends Ratio Farah Hafidzah; Mohd Bijarimi; Waleed Alhadadi; Suriyati Salleh; Mohammad Norazmi; Erna Normaya
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.54036

Abstract

This paper reports the effects of polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) and graphene nanoplatelet (GNP on tensile stress of various PLA/PP weight ratio. The PLA/PP blends prepared with the ratio 70/30, 80/20, and 90/10 with the addition of PP-g-MA (1 to 5 phr) and GNP (1 to 3 phr) by using an injection molding machine. The tensile stress (MPa) was analyzed based on 11 runs of full factorial design. The results showed that the tensile stress of PLA/PP blends gradually increased after the addition of PP-g-MA and GNP. There is a relationship between PP-g-MA and GNP which causes a positive impact on the mechanical properties of PLA/PP blends. The optimum tensile stress of 50.06 MPa achieved at the ratio of 90/10 blends with 5 phr of PP-g-MA and 3 phr of GNP.
FTIR-based Fingerprinting and Chemometrics for Rapid Investigation of Antioxidant Activity from Syzygium polyanthum Extracts Eti Rohaeti; Fadila Karunina; Mohamad Rafi
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.54577

Abstract

Syzygium polyanthum, known as salam in Indonesia, which is rich in phenolics compounds with high antioxidant activity. In this study, we performed the determination of total phenolics and characterization of the antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum leaves extracts using the FTIR-based fingerprinting technique. The extracts of S. polyanthum in water, ethanol, and ethanol-water (30, 50, and 70%) were measured for their antioxidant activity, total phenolics, and FTIR spectra. The antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum extract with different solvent extraction showed the highest antioxidant activity and total phenolic content is 70% and 50% ethanolic extract, respectively. The FTIR spectrum of each extract showed identical FTIR spectra patterns. According to their different solvent extraction, S. polyanthum extract could be grouped based on FTIR spectra using principal component analysis. Correlation between the functional group in the FTIR spectra with IC50 from S. polyanthum extract was analyzed using partial least square (PLS). The PLS analysis results showed that O–H, C–H sp3, C=O, C=C, C-O, and C–H aromatic are the main functional groups contributed to the antioxidant activity of S. polyanthum extract. FTIR-based fingerprinting combined with chemometrics could be used to classify different extracts of S. polyanthum and predicted functional groups having a significant contribution to antioxidant activity.
Ligand Based Pharmacophore Modeling, Virtual Screening, and Molecular Docking Studies of Asymmetrical Hexahydro-2H-Indazole Analogs of Curcumin (AIACs) to Discover Novel Estrogen Receptors Alpha (ERα) Inhibitor Hariyanti Hariyanti; Kusmadi Kurmardi; Arry Yanuar; Hayun Hayun
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 1 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.54745

Abstract

The estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) plays an important role in breast development and pro-proliferation signal activation in the normal and cancerous breast. The ERα inhibitors were potentially active as cytotoxic agents against breast cancer. This study was conducted in order to find Asymmetrical Hexahydro-2H-Indazole Analogs of Curcumin (AIACs) as hits of ERα inhibitor. A training set of 17 selected ERα inhibitors was used to create 10 pharmacophore models using LigandScout 4.2. The pharmacophore models were validated using 383 active compounds as positive data and 20674 decoys as negative data obtained from DUD.E. Model 2 was found as the best pharmacophore model and consisted of three types of pharmacophore features, viz. one hydrophobic, one hydrogen bond acceptor, and aromatic interactions. Model 2 was utilized for ligand-based virtual screening 186 of AIACs, AMACs, intermediates, and Mannich base derivative compounds. The hits obtained were further screened using molecular docking, analyzed using drug scan, and tested for its synthesis accessibility. Fourteen compounds were fulfilled as hits in pharmacophore modeling, in which 10 hits were selected by molecular docking, but only seven hits met Lipinski’s rule of five and had medium synthesis accessibility. In conclusion, seven compounds were suggested to be potentially active as ERα inhibitors and deserve to be synthesized and further investigated.
Characterization and Utilization of Sulphuric Acid and Bitter Leaf Extract Activated Carbon from Rice Husk for Zn(II) Adsorption Ilesanmi Osasona; Ujiro Bestow Kanuhor
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 21, No 2 (2021)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.54786

Abstract

The world is clamoring for green synthetic modes of scientific and technological operations. From this point of view, an attempt was made to prepare activated carbon from rice husk using aqueous bitter leaf extract and a mineral acid (H2SO4) separately. The surface characteristics and the adsorption properties of the activated carbons from both methods were compared. The effects of adsorption variables on the adsorption of Zn(II) by bitter leaf extract activated carbon (RHAC1) and H2SO4 activated carbon (RHAC2) were conducted through batch studies. The morphological characterization revealed RHAC1 to be fibrous, more porous and contained finer particles than the chemical-activated counterpart. The role of hydroxyl and carbonyl groups in the adsorption of Zn(II) was pivotal. The optimum pH values for the adsorption of Zn(II) by both samples was 7. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherm obeyed Elovich and Freundlich models respectively while the evaluated Langmuir qmax were 71.47 and 67.12 mg g–1 for RHAC1 and RHAC2 respectively. The thermodynamic parameters revealed that the process was endothermic and spontaneous at all evaluated temperatures. Therefore, bitter leaf aqueous extract, as an activating agent for carbon production, could serve as a better or close substitute for the less environment-friendly H2SO4.

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