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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 14119420     EISSN : 24601578     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Engineering,
Chemical Engineering, Chemistry & Bioengineering Chemistry
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry is an International, peer-reviewed, open access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, as well as short communication in all areas of chemistry including applied chemistry. The journal is accredited by The Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education (RISTEKDIKTI) No : 21/E/KPT/2018 (in First Rank) and indexed in Scopus since 2012. Since 2018 (Volume 18), Indonesian Journal of Chemistry publish four issues (numbers) annually (February, May, August and November).
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,956 Documents
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Preparation and Characterization of Cu(II)- and Pt(II)-Thiourea Complexes and Adsorption of Pt(II) Complex on Local Bentonite Sulaiman, Ahmed Mohammed; Awwad, Abdulaziz Khaled
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103680

Abstract

This study investigates the stability and adsorption behavior of inorganic complexes formed from the reaction of 2-aminopyridine with phenyl isothiocyanate to produce thiourea derivatives, which were further reacted with copper salts and platinum phosphine. The complexes were characterized using UV-vis and FTIR spectroscopies, revealing a 2:1 (ligand-to-metal) ratio and high stability. The effect of temperature on the stability showed a slight increase in absorption values with rising temperature. Stability constants and thermodynamic functions confirmed the complexes' stability at room temperature. Additionally, the adsorption of the platinum complex (AL2) onto bentonite clay was studied. Before and after adsorption, the bentonite surface was analyzed using UV-vis, FTIR, AFM, and SEM techniques. Adsorption isotherms followed Freundlich model, and adsorption kinetics followed first-order reaction model. The study aims to prepare and characterize copper-thiourea and platinum-phosphine complexes, calculate their stability constants, and explore the adsorption behavior of AL2 on bentonite. The results highlight the high stability of the complexes and the successful modeling of AL2 adsorption, suggesting their potential applications in catalysis and environmental remediation.
Synthesis and Identification with Biological Evaluation of Some Metal Ions Complexes Derived from Thymine-Azo Ligand Al-mizher, Tabark Taha; Abbas, Alyaa Khider
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103682

Abstract

New series of Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes with general formulas of Ag(AAT)(H2O)]NO3·H2O and Cu(AAT)(H2O)3]Cl2·H2O from 6-((5-chloro-2-hydroxyphenyl)diazenyl)-5-methylpyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione (AAT) were synthesized. By using FTIR, UV-vis, MS, and 1H-NMR, their molecular structural and binding properties were confirmed, which indicated that the AAT ligand acts as a neutral tridentate O, N, and N, forming tetrahedral geometry with Ag-AAT and distorted octahedral with Cu-AAT. Additionally, C.H.N analysis, magnetic susceptibility, molar conductivity, and thermal analysis were used to identify the synthesized compounds' stability and molecular formula and explore their physical and chemical properties. XRD and AFM were also examined, where the ligand and Cu(II) complex exhibited nanoscale properties. The biological potential of these compounds was also investigated by testing their antioxidant activity. Furthermore, the Cu(II) complex was investigated for its effects on liver function and histological abnormalities in male albino rats. The enzymatic activities of liver markers such as glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase, glutamic-pyruvate transaminase, and alkaline phosphatase were measured to determine the hepatoprotective properties. Histological investigations of liver tissues revealed further evidence for the biological effects of the copper compound. These results revealed the potential applications of Ag(I) and Cu(II) complexes derived from the thymine-azo ligand.
Synthesis, Characterization, and Anti-Breast Cancer Properties of Cu(II) Complexes with Schiff Base and Azo Dye Ligands Abbas, Haneen Fadhil; Aldoghachi, Faris Jassim; Salih, Basil Abdulmahdi; Taufiq-Yap, Yun Hin
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.103683

Abstract

This article focuses on the synthesis of three Schiff base ligands derived from 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (B: BBr, BOCH3, BNO2) and three azo dye ligands derived from naphthol (A: ABr, AOCH3, ANO2), followed by the preparation of copper(II) complexes with these six ligands in a 1:2 (metal:ligand) ratio. The ligands and complexes were characterized by using 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, FTIR, UV-vis, and ESI-MS. Thermogravimetric and differential thermal analyses of the copper complexes indicated the absence of water molecules in the crystalline coordination, demonstrating high thermal stability. The findings confirmed the formation of square-planar copper complexes. The biological activity of the complexes was evaluated on breast cancer and healthy cells using the MTT assay at different concentrations. The IC50 analysis showed that CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 had a significantly more substantial cytotoxic effect on cancer cells than on healthy cells. CuBOCH3 and CuBNO2 also exhibited notable selectivity toward cancer cells, whereas CuANO2 was more toxic to normal cells. These findings highlight the potential of CuABr, CuBBr, and CuAOCH3 as promising candidates for further development in targeted breast cancer therapy.
Betel Nut Peel Powder as Biosorbent for Mg(II), Ca(II), and Fe(III) in Agricultural Water Susiana, Carissa Ayu; Mukhayani, Feri; Simatupang, Erwinton; Pambudi, Fajar Inggit; Sumerta, I Wayan; Mulyanegara, Guntur; Samudin, Mohammad Nur; Prayoga, Dedo Kevin; Nuryono, Nuryono
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104229

Abstract

Water pollution from heavy metal contamination is a global issue; finding low-cost and sustainable solutions is challenging. Among various methods, biomass adsorption is a practical approach for treating heavy metal contamination in agricultural water. This study explored the use of betel nut peel as a biosorbent to remove Mg(II), Ca(II), and Fe(III) ions from agricultural water. The adsorbent contained active groups like −OH, C=O, and C=C, indicating cellulose, lignin, and hemicellulose compounds. Mature betel nut peels showed higher adsorption capacities than immature ones due to their larger surface area and more active sites. The optimal adsorption occurred at an initial adsorbate concentration of 100 mg L−1 for 1 h, with 5 mg of biosorbent. The biosorbent followed the Langmuir isotherm and a pseudo-second-order kinetic model (R2 = 0.99), indicating chemisorption. When applied to agricultural water from South Sumatra, the biosorbent removed up to 90% of Fe(III) ions. These findings suggest that betel nut peel powder has strong potential as a biosorbent for heavy metals, with promising applications in water treatment and environmental remediation. It also shows potential as a biofertilizer, particularly for soils rich in Fe(III).
Adsorption of Cd(II) and Fe(II) Ions by Inorganic Nanocomposites (CuO/ZnO) from Aqueous Solutions Challab, Mohammed Khlaif; Chaichi, Mohammad Javad; Khathi, Mohammed Turki; Nazari, Omleila; Ghasemi, Shahram
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.104802

Abstract

This research aims to investigate the nanocomposite effectiveness from CuO:ZnO-NPs at a 1:1 ratio in water-polluting heavy metals adsorption from aqueous solutions, since these heavy metals adversely affect living organisms, including cadmium and iron. The research also examines the effectiveness of heavy metal removal when influenced by parameters like pH, adsorption dose, contact duration, initial concentration, and temperature. The maximum adsorption efficiency of heavy metals reached 86.7% for Cd(II) and 84.9% for Fe(II) at 25 °C when solution conditions totaled 10 mg/L of heavy metals alongside a pH setting of 6 using 0.09 g of sorbent. The structural and physical properties of the sorbent were analyzed by atomic and FTIR, along with FE-SEM, BET, XRD, and EDX systems. This study aimed to find an economical approach for heavy metal-infused water purification and analyze water quality changes to prove the feasibility of treating these pollutants using sorbent surfaces.
Optimization of Chitosan-PEG/ZnO Hydrogel Formulation with Pomegranate Peel Extract as an Alternative for Wound Healing Assauqi, Niamul Faza; Lusiana, Retno Ariadi; Masruchin, Nanang
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 3 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.105215

Abstract

A chitosan-zinc oxide (ZnO)/poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/pomegranate peel extract (PE) based hydrogel has been developed as a potential material to accelerate the wound healing process by controlling the drug release mechanism. ZnO nanoparticles with an average size of about 95 nm were synthesized using the coprecipitation method and then combined into chitosan/PEG composites to improve the antimicrobial properties of the hydrogels. Characterization of the hydrogels included analysis of size, morphology, elemental composition, microstructure, swelling behavior, antibacterial activity, and wound healing effectiveness. The results of the in vitro study indicated that the antibacterial activity of PE-containing hydrogel against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus decreased due to the chelation effect caused by PE addition. However, in vivo tests for 10 d showed that the PE-containing hydrogel had better wound healing ability than commercial betadine. In addition, the developed hydrogel showed high biocompatibility with excellent antibacterial activity. This study confirmed that chitosan/PEG/ZnO nanoparticle hydrogel has the potential as wound dressing materials with sustained drug release and optimal healing effectiveness.
Nano Titanium(IV) Oxide Modified Carbon Paste Electrode for Analysis of Butylated Hydroxytoluene Concentration in Lotion by Cyclic Voltammetry Rosyiidah, Nur Anisa; Setiarso, Pirim
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.87398

Abstract

This research focuses on the manufacture and application of TiO2 NPs modified carbon paste electrodes (TiO2 NPs-CPE) to analyze butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) concentration in lotions by cyclic voltammetry. This study aimed to determine the best composition of TiO2 NPs-CPE, optimal addition of phosphate buffer pH, application of deposition time, and optimal scan rate by cyclic voltammetry. BHT solution was used to determine the electrode with the best conditions so that an optimal voltammogram was obtained at a composition of 3:5:2 electrode (carbon:TiO2 NPs:paraffin oil), phosphate buffer pH 8, deposition time of 25 s, and scan rate of 100 mV s−1. Obtaining BHT levels of samples A, B, and C with TiO2 NPs-CPE by cyclic voltammetry were 0.4686, 0.48029, and 0.39044%, while the concentration of samples in HPLC were 0.46873, 0.48111, and 0.39191%. A significance value of 0.985 (> 0.05) was obtained, meaning there was no significant difference in the results of measuring the concentration of BHT in the lotion samples.
Identification of α-Amylase Inhibitory Peptides from Tryptic Hydrolysate of Caulerpa racemosa Green Algae Protein Husna, Izatul; Habibie, Ahmad; Astuti, Endang; Raharjo, Tri Joko
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.89147

Abstract

Peptides have been reported as a potential alternative for antidiabetic therapy by inhibiting α-amylase, one of the key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism. This study aimed to identify α-amylase inhibitory peptides derived from trypsin hydrolysate of Caulerpa racemosa protein. The protein was extracted using trichloroacetic acid (TCA)/acetone. The resulting peptides were fractionated using a strong cationic exchanger-solid phase extraction (SCX-SPE) column. The peptide fractions were tested for α-amylase inhibitory activity, and the peptides in the most active fraction were identified using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Seven fractions were obtained from SCX-SPE elution at pH 3 to 9. The fraction eluted at pH 5 exhibited the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity, with an IC50 value of 43.70 µg/mL. Four peptides with the sequences VQKEKR, MNFYCISSK, DLCDYIHNK, and ISICYEK were identified from this fraction. Molecular docking studies revealed that the peptides with sequences MNFYCISSK and VQKEKR had the strongest interactions with α-amylase. The peptide binding affinity energies of MNFYCISSK and VQKEKR were −10.3 and −9.4 kcal/mol, respectively, with RMSD values of 0.3 ± 0.0 and 0.3 ± 0.2 Å. It can be concluded that the peptides with sequences MNFYCISSK and VQKEKR could be proposed as potential antidiabetic peptides with an α-amylase inhibition mechanism.
Synthesis and Characterization of CaO-SiO2 Heterogeneous Catalyst of Blood Cockle Shells and Coconut Fiber Ash for Biodiesel Production from Crude Palm Oil Nurhayati, Nurhayati; Muhdarina, Muhdarina; Linggawati, Amilia; Siregar, Siti Saidah
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.91444

Abstract

The utilization of sustainable and renewable materials, specifically CaO derived from blood clam shells and SiO2 extracted from coconut fiber, as catalysts for biodiesel production not only promotes waste valorization but also enhances catalytic efficiency, providing an eco-friendly and effective solution for biodiesel synthesis. The present study was synthesized and characterized CaO-SiO2 catalysts using the impregnation method with SiO2 content at 3, 5, and 7 wt.%. Characterization included surface area (BET), crystallinity and crystal size (XRD), chemical composition (XRF), functional groups (FTIR), and acidity-basicity (pyridine adsorption and titration). The maximum biodiesel yield of 96.29% was achieved under optimized conditions: 2 wt.% catalyst loading, 90-min reaction time, 60 °C temperature, and a 1:9 oil-to-methanol molar ratio, determined using response surface methodology (RSM). The synthesized biodiesel was evaluated according to ASTM D6751 standards, and its purity and methyl ester composition were analyzed using GC-MS. The results showed that the CaO-SiO2 catalyst achieved a biodiesel purity of 97.44%, higher than that obtained with unmodified CaO. This research successfully modified the CaO-SiO2 heterogeneous catalyst, enhancing its surface area and acidity, which led to an increase in the purity and yield of biodiesel synthesized from crude palm oil with high free fatty acid content.
Synthesis of Lithium-Aluminum Layered Double Hydroxide Adsorbent from Aluminum Waste to Create a More Environmentally Friendly Process for Recovering Lithium in Brine Salafudin, Salafudin; Prasetya, Agus; Warmada, I Wayan; Petrus, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti
Indonesian Journal of Chemistry Vol 25, No 4 (2025)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.22146/ijc.97024

Abstract

All countries pledged to strive to limit global warming. The implementation of renewable energy must be accelerated. One of the most essential components of renewable energy is lithium-ion batteries. The surging demand for lithium necessitates new technologies for direct recovery from brine. One of the most promising methods is adsorption. Because of its advantages, lithium-aluminum layered double hydroxides have started their application on a commercial scale. This research uniquely explores the synthesis of lithium adsorbent from aluminum waste, an approach that is both cost-effective and environmentally sustainable. The reaction behavior was studied, including the rate of hydrogen gas production and the co-precipitation process. The quality of the product was assessed by its adsorption capacity and characterization. The synthesis of lithium adsorbent was successfully performed through two-step processes, with the reaction kinetics studied at temperatures between 30 and 60 °C. XRD and FTIR results confirmed the adsorbent product. The adsorbent worked well for synthetic brine with 39–1350 ppm lithium concentration and adsorption capacity until 6.7 mg lithium ion per g of adsorbent. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable technologies for lithium extraction and can be applied to improve industrial lithium recovery processes.

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